Pub Date : 2020-10-15DOI: 10.21741/9781644900956-5
L. Vidhya
This chapter discusses the recent progresses in environmental electrochemistry and its wide capabilities and application towards pollution free environment. Various chemicals including agrochemicals, heavy metals, and other toxic materials polluting the environment can either be treated or transformed to non-toxic elements. Environmental protection and incessant development of people’s value of life are found to be the most important areas of the application of electrochemical sensors in future. A sensor, here, is a chemical-play-tool that converts a chemical data like composition, presence of a particular ion, concentration, chemical activity, and partial pressure into a systematically useful signal. Currently, with new challenges and prospects, the electrochemical sensors have new and wide areas of outlook and applications. The electrochemical biosensor is a simple device that measures electronic current either ionic or by change in conductance carried by the bio-electrodes. Generally, carbon materials are widely used as electrode substrates to make different electrodes owing to its soft properties and renewable for exchange of electrons. Befittingly the arrangement of carbon atoms in graphene enhances its promising applications in several fields. On the other hand, nano materials possess good geometric as well as unique mechanical, physical and chemical properties that significantly encourage applications in medicine, electronics, environmental science and biosensors. In this chapter, the application of graphene- ZnO nano composite material is discussed for analysing the toxic chemicals in the environment and biological samples because of its high sensitivity and good reproducibility. 2-NP. 2-NP r-GO/ZnO/GCE The calibration linear 0.9916) 2-NP nM The detection limit and the sensitivity 0.27 nM and 5.8 μA, mM -1 .cm -2 respectively based on 3N/S (Signal-to-Noise ratio) The present research demonstrated the detection of 2-NP by I-V method using r-GO/ZnO composites modified GCE electrode with very high sensitivity compared to various nanocomposites reported earlier. The synthesis of r-GO/ZnO composites using chemical reduction process is a very good way of based r-GO/ZnO composites for toxic and electro-catalytic materials. These novel nano structures show superior electrocatalytic activity, selectivity, and long-term stability, which can serve as promising electrode material for different electrochemical reactions including detection and detoxification of chemical pollutants in the environment and biological samples.
本章讨论了环境电化学的最新进展及其在无公害环境中的广泛应用。包括农用化学品、重金属和其他污染环境的有毒物质在内的各种化学品可以得到处理或转化为无毒元素。环境保护和人们生命价值的不断发展被认为是电化学传感器未来应用的最重要领域。在这里，传感器是一种化学游戏工具，可以将化学数据(如成分、特定离子的存在、浓度、化学活性和分压)转换为系统有用的信号。当前，面对新的挑战和前景，电化学传感器具有新的广阔的前景和应用领域。电化学生物传感器是一种简单的装置，可以测量离子电流或通过生物电极携带的电导变化来测量电流。通常，碳材料由于其柔软的性质和可再生的电子交换性，被广泛用作电极衬底来制作不同的电极。石墨烯中碳原子的适当排列增强了其在几个领域的应用前景。另一方面，纳米材料具有良好的几何以及独特的机械、物理和化学性质，极大地促进了在医学、电子、环境科学和生物传感器方面的应用。本章讨论了石墨烯- ZnO纳米复合材料在分析环境和生物样品中有毒化学物质方面的应用，因为它具有高灵敏度和良好的再现性。2-NP。2-NP r-GO/ZnO/GCE的校准线性为0.9916)2-NP nM，基于3N/S(信噪比)的检测限和灵敏度分别为0.27 nM和5.8 μA, mM -1 .cm -2。本研究表明，与以往报道的各种纳米复合材料相比，r-GO/ZnO复合材料修饰的GCE电极具有很高的灵敏度。化学还原法制备r-GO/ZnO复合材料是制备毒性材料和电催化材料的一种很好的方法。这些新型纳米结构具有优异的电催化活性、选择性和长期稳定性，可作为多种电化学反应的电极材料，包括环境和生物样品中化学污染物的检测和解毒。
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