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Grain-yield stability among tropical maize hybrids derived from doubled-haploid inbred lines under random drought stress and optimum moisture conditions. 双单倍体自交系热带玉米杂交种在随机干旱胁迫和最佳水分条件下的产量稳定性
IF 1.9 4区 农林科学 Q2 Agricultural and Biological Sciences Pub Date : 2018-07-04 DOI: 10.1071/CP17348
Julius Pyton Sserumaga, Yoseph Beyene, Kiru Pillay, Alois Kullaya, Sylvester O Oikeh, Stephen Mugo, Lewis Machida, Ismail Ngolinda, Godfrey Asea, Justin Ringo, Michael Otim, Grace Abalo, Barnabas Kiula

Drought is a devastating environmental stress in agriculture and hence a common target of plant breeding. A review of breeding progress on drought tolerance shows that, to a certain extent, selection for high yield in stress-free conditions indirectly improves yield in water-limiting conditions. The objectives of this study were to (i) assess the genotype × environment (GE) interaction for grain yield (GY) and other agronomic traits for maize (Zea mays L.) across East African agro-ecologies; and (ii) evaluate agronomic performance and stability in Uganda and Tanzania under optimum and random drought conditions. Data were recorded for major agronomic traits. Genotype main effect plus GE (GGE) biplot analysis was used to assess the stability of varieties within various environments and across environments. Combined analysis of variance across optimum moisture and random drought environments indicated that locations, mean-squares for genotypes and GE were significant for most measured traits. The best hybrids, CKDHH1097 and CKDHH1090, gave GY advantages of 23% and 43%, respectively, over the commercial hybrid varieties under both optimum-moisture and random-drought conditions. Across environments, genotypic variance was less than the GE variance for GY. The hybrids derived from doubled-haploid inbred lines produced higher GY and possessed acceptable agronomic traits compared with the commercial hybrids. Hybrid CKDHH1098 ranked second-best under optimum-moisture and drought-stress environments and was the most stable with broad adaptation to both environments. Use of the best doubled-haploids lines in testcross hybrids make-up, well targeted to the production environments, could boost maize production among farmers in East Africa.

干旱对农业是一种毁灭性的环境压力,因此也是植物育种的共同目标。对抗旱育种进展的回顾表明,在一定程度上,选择无胁迫条件下的高产可以间接提高限水条件下的产量。本研究的目的是(i)评估东非农业生态系统中玉米(Zea mays L.)籽粒产量(GY)和其他农艺性状的基因型与环境(GE)相互作用;(ii)评估乌干达和坦桑尼亚在最佳和随机干旱条件下的农艺表现和稳定性。记录了主要农艺性状的数据。采用基因型主效应加GE (GGE)双图分析评价了品种在不同环境内和跨环境的稳定性。最适湿度和随机干旱环境的方差分析表明,位置、基因型的均方和GE对大多数测定性状具有显著性。最佳杂交品种CKDHH1097和CKDHH1090在最适水分和随机干旱条件下均比商品杂交品种分别高出23%和43%。在不同的环境中,基因型方差小于GE方差。由双单倍体自交系衍生的杂交种与商品杂交种相比,具有较高的产量和较好的农艺性状。杂交品种CKDHH1098在最适水分和最适干旱环境下表现次之,且最稳定,对最适水分和最适干旱环境适应性较广。在杂交测试中使用最好的双倍体单倍体系,能够很好地适应生产环境,从而提高东非农民的玉米产量。
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