Pub Date : 2018-06-01DOI: 10.1002/9781119393146.CH1
T. Sarkar, M. S. Palma, M. N. Abdallah
This chapter presents the necessary mathematical formulations, which dictate the space‐time behavior of antennas. It briefly reviews the derivation of the four equations and illustrates how to solve them analytically. The four equations consist of Faraday's law, generalized Ampere's law, generalized Gauss's law of electrostatics, and Gauss's law of magnetostatics, respectively, along with the equation of continuity. To obtain the electromagnetic wave equation, which every propagating wave must satisfy, the chapter summarizes the laws of Maxwell's equations. It defines what is meant by the term radiation and then observes the nature of the fields radiated by point sources and the temporal nature of the voltages induced when electromagnetic fields are incident on them. The chapter describes the impulse responses of transmitting and receiving dipole‐like structures whose dimensions are comparable to a wavelength. It exposes a different picture of electromagnetic wave propagation when the wave strength is much smaller than the ambient noise.
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Pub Date : 2018-06-01DOI: 10.1002/9781119393146.ch3
T. Sarkar, M. S. Palma, M. N. Abdallah
This chapter presents all the various experimental results available in the literature on the propagation path loss for cellular wireless propagation systems. It provides an accurate numerical evaluation of the fields in a cellular wireless environment using a macro model based on an accurate computer program which uses the Green's function based on the Sommerfeld and Schelkunoff formulations. The numerically accurate evaluation of the fields containing the Sommerfeld integrals is used for the analysis of the propagation data measured by Okumura et al. The chapter illustrates the nature of the radio wave propagation mechanism related to the physics over a two layer medium. To illustrate the effect of the tilt (mechanical or electronic) of the transmitting antenna on the propagation path loss in the cellular networks, simulations were performed using the macro model analyzed using analysis of wire antennas and scatterers (AWAS). The chapter provides the mathematical details for the derivation of the macro model.
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Pub Date : 2018-06-01DOI: 10.1002/9781119393146.index
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