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When Rights Embrace Responsibilities最新文献

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Past, Present, and Future 过去,现在和未来
Pub Date : 2018-06-28 DOI: 10.1093/OSO/9780199485154.003.0006
G. Sajeva
Chapter 6 traces the path of the previous chapters trying to draw some conclusions on the pros and cons of the idea of biocultural rights as envisioned by Bavikatte. It also draws some conclusions on difficulties of human rights theory to face the new challenges of the Anthropocene, and elaborates on the future of biocultural rights. In the attempt to try to overcome biocultural rights potentially unfair implications, the chapter looks at their legacy and at their potential developments towards local communities, including non-traditional ones living in developing countries.
第6章追溯了前几章的路径,试图就巴维凯特所设想的生物文化权利概念的利弊得出一些结论。总结了人权理论在面对人类世新挑战时面临的困难,并对生物文化权利的未来进行了阐述。为了克服生物文化权利可能带来的不公平影响,本章着眼于其遗产及其对当地社区的潜在发展,包括生活在发展中国家的非传统社区。
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引用次数: 0
Biocultural Rights 生物文化权利
Pub Date : 2018-06-28 DOI: 10.1093/oso/9780199485154.003.0005
G. Sajeva
Chapter 5 explores the difficult and challenging questions that arise from the sui generis nature of biocultural rights: they carry certain characteristics that are typical of human rights discourse as well as others that are difficult to fit into its categories. A reflection is provided on the potential positive and negative implications biocultural rights entail from political and practical points of view, stressing the different status of indigenous peoples and local communities in international law, and pointing out how this influences the potential dangers and advantages of biocultural rights. In order to explore how biocultural rights could be valuable, albeit to be handled with care, the chapter provides the analysis of the case of the Khwe indigenous peoples of Bwabwata National Park, investigating their struggles and claims through the lens of biocultural rights.
第5章探讨了由于生物文化权利的独特性而产生的困难和具有挑战性的问题:它们具有人权话语的某些典型特征,以及难以归入其类别的其他特征。从政治和实践的角度对生物文化权利可能产生的积极和消极影响进行了反思,强调土著人民和当地社区在国际法中的不同地位,并指出这如何影响生物文化权利的潜在危险和优势。为了探讨生物文化权利如何有价值,尽管需要谨慎处理,本章提供了对布瓦瓦塔国家公园Khwe土著人民案例的分析,通过生物文化权利的镜头调查他们的斗争和要求。
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引用次数: 0
Understanding Rights, Human Rights, and Group Rights 理解权利、人权和群体权利
Pub Date : 2018-06-28 DOI: 10.1093/OSO/9780199485154.003.0002
G. Sajeva
Chapters 2 provides an introduction to the concept of rights, useful for understanding the sui generis nature of biocultural rights. It looks at the birth of human rights and group rights, the foundations of human rights, the relation between human rights and the general interest, and the hardship of balancing human rights with other interests and goals. The chapter also introduces a brief outline of indigenous peoples and local communities’ rights, with focus on their different status in international law. This allows for comparison of biocultural rights with other human rights of indigenous peoples and local communities and for elaboration on the significance and different challenges that biocultural rights may have for local communities and indigenous peoples.
第二章介绍了权利的概念,有助于理解生物文化权利的特殊性。它着眼于人权和群体权利的诞生,人权的基础,人权与普遍利益的关系,以及平衡人权与其他利益和目标的困难。本章还简要介绍了土著人民和当地社区的权利,重点是他们在国际法中的不同地位。这样就可以将生物文化权利与土著人民和当地社区的其他人权进行比较,并详细说明生物文化权利对当地社区和土著人民可能带来的重要性和不同挑战。
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引用次数: 0
An Environmental Crisis 环境危机
Pub Date : 2018-06-28 DOI: 10.1093/oso/9780199485154.003.0001
G. Sajeva
This chapter provides a brief introduction to the current environmental crisis and presents the main Western ethical approaches towards the conservation of the environment. Starting from anthropocentric ethics and moving to cosmocentric and biocentric ethics, it explains some of their advantages and disadvantages as well as the centrality of the question: what has value per se and what instrumentally? As a first step in the convoluted journey towards the discovery of biocultural rights, the chapter looks for the environmental approaches most suitable to accommodate conservation efforts and, interestingly but not surprisingly, finds them in those theories that come closer to the world views of indigenous peoples.
本章简要介绍了当前的环境危机,并介绍了西方保护环境的主要伦理方法。从人类中心伦理学开始,转向宇宙中心伦理学和生物中心伦理学,它解释了它们的一些优点和缺点,以及问题的中心:什么本身有价值,什么在工具上有价值?作为发现生物文化权利的曲折旅程的第一步,本章寻找最适合保护工作的环境方法,有趣但并不奇怪的是,在那些更接近土著人民世界观的理论中找到了它们。
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引用次数: 0
Friends and Foes 朋友和敌人
Pub Date : 2018-06-28 DOI: 10.1093/oso/9780199485154.003.0003
G. Sajeva
Chapter 3 explores the controversial relationship of interdependence and conflict between environmental concerns and the protection of human rights by offering insights on the necessity—and the opportunity—of new ideas such as biocultural rights. Such necessity is made clear by bringing forward the inadequacy of human rights rhetoric in fully incorporating environmental challenges, as well as the damages environmental conservation can do to human rights of indigenous peoples and local communities. The chapter introduces attempts to combine conservation and rights interests through the recognition of the stewardship relationship indigenous peoples and local communities have towards the environment. Keeping distance from the dangers of the myth of the noble savage, and describing the important steps forward that have been done against fortress conservation practices, the chapters underlines those steps that still need to be taken.
第3章探讨了环境问题与保护人权之间相互依赖和冲突的有争议的关系,提供了对生物文化权利等新思想的必要性和机会的见解。这种必要性是通过提出人权言论在充分纳入环境挑战方面的不足以及环境保护可能对土著人民和当地社区的人权造成的损害来明确的。本章通过承认土著人民和当地社区对环境的管理关系,介绍了将保护与权利利益结合起来的尝试。这些章节与高贵野蛮人神话的危险保持距离,并描述了反对堡垒保护实践的重要步骤,强调了仍然需要采取的步骤。
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引用次数: 0
Of Rights and Responsibilities 权利与责任
Pub Date : 2018-06-28 DOI: 10.1093/OSO/9780199485154.003.0004
G. Sajeva
Chapter 4 analyses the idea of biocultural rights, starting off by quoting the words of Sanjay Kabir Bavikatte. The chapter explores some cases (in Kenya, India, and New Zealand) which may be interpreted from a biocultural rights perspectives, and looks at biocultural rights’ justifications and holders, and at the set of rights necessary to maintain environmental stewardship roles. Departing from the claim that the foundations of biocultural rights are two concurring ones, exploring biocultural rights’ ancestors—Darrel Posey’s Traditional Resource Rights—and dismissing the noble savage myth, biocultural rights are analysed to fully understand what they are and what they are not. The foundations of biocultural rights are then explored in detail, focusing on the problems arising from the fact that biocultural rights, besides conferring rights to their holders, also seem to confer a set of environmental duties.
第四章从引用桑贾伊·卡比尔·巴维凯特的话开始,分析了生物文化权利的理念。本章探讨了可以从生物文化权利角度解释的一些案例(在肯尼亚、印度和新西兰),并探讨了生物文化权利的理由和持有者,以及维持环境管理角色所必需的一整套权利。本文从“生物文化权利的基础是两个同时存在的基础”的观点出发,探索生物文化权利的始祖——达雷尔·波西的“传统资源权利”,摒弃高贵的野蛮人神话,对生物文化权利进行分析,以充分理解生物文化权利是什么,不是什么。然后详细探讨了生物文化权利的基础,重点是由于生物文化权利除了赋予其持有人权利外,似乎还赋予了一系列环境义务。
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引用次数: 1
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When Rights Embrace Responsibilities
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