Pub Date : 2019-07-04DOI: 10.4324/9781315491691-10
J. Timár
{"title":"The Defense of Worktime in Hungary","authors":"J. Timár","doi":"10.4324/9781315491691-10","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4324/9781315491691-10","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":112719,"journal":{"name":"Money, Incentives, and Efficiency in the Hungarian Economic Reform","volume":"169 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-07-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121354431","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Changes in the Structure of Industrial Production and Foreign Trade in the Period of Restrictions, 1978–1986","authors":"J. Gács","doi":"10.4324/9781315491691-8","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4324/9781315491691-8","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":112719,"journal":{"name":"Money, Incentives, and Efficiency in the Hungarian Economic Reform","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-07-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133273383","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Market Strategy of the Hungarian Enterprise","authors":"P. Bod","doi":"10.4324/9781315491691-9","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4324/9781315491691-9","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":112719,"journal":{"name":"Money, Incentives, and Efficiency in the Hungarian Economic Reform","volume":"115 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-07-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123338858","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Estimates of the Output Loss from Allocative Inefficiency","authors":"Robert S. Whitesell","doi":"10.4324/9781315491691-7","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4324/9781315491691-7","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":112719,"journal":{"name":"Money, Incentives, and Efficiency in the Hungarian Economic Reform","volume":"11 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-07-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116026689","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Economic Reform in Hungary","authors":"J. Brada, I. Dobózi","doi":"10.4324/9781315491691-1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4324/9781315491691-1","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":112719,"journal":{"name":"Money, Incentives, and Efficiency in the Hungarian Economic Reform","volume":"182 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-07-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126844986","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1989-09-01DOI: 10.1007/978-1-349-10588-5_14
B. Balassa
{"title":"Next Steps in the Hungarian Economic Reform","authors":"B. Balassa","doi":"10.1007/978-1-349-10588-5_14","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-349-10588-5_14","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":112719,"journal":{"name":"Money, Incentives, and Efficiency in the Hungarian Economic Reform","volume":"75 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1989-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123628815","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1989-09-01DOI: 10.1080/00128775.1989.11648424
A. Sipos, M. Tardos
In 1981 a major research project was launched by the Institute of Economics of the Hungarian Academy of Sciences to study the organizational system of the economy. In this paper the two leaders of the project report on the results, relying on several hundred analyses and case studies as well as on a debate on the findings conducted within the Institute. The grave functional disturbances of the Hungarian economy, recurring from time to time, indicated already in the 1960s that the socialist transformation, nationalization, and the collectivization of agriculture, as well as the planned economy based on the former had led to such obsolete and bureaucratic management as to put a brake on Hungarian economic development and hinder its catching up with the more advanced countries. The reform of the Hungarian system of economic control and management, proclaimed in 1966, sought to assist in solving this problem. The two decades since then have supplied important evidence about the opportunities that socialist ownership of the means of production provides for substituting the exclusive role of govemmental administration in economic control with a planned regulated market, and about the difficulties arising in such a process.
{"title":"Economic Control and the Structural Interdependence of Organizations in Hungary at the End of the Second Reform Decade","authors":"A. Sipos, M. Tardos","doi":"10.1080/00128775.1989.11648424","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/00128775.1989.11648424","url":null,"abstract":"In 1981 a major research project was launched by the Institute of Economics of the Hungarian Academy of Sciences to study the organizational system of the economy. In this paper the two leaders of the project report on the results, relying on several hundred analyses and case studies as well as on a debate on the findings conducted within the Institute. The grave functional disturbances of the Hungarian economy, recurring from time to time, indicated already in the 1960s that the socialist transformation, nationalization, and the collectivization of agriculture, as well as the planned economy based on the former had led to such obsolete and bureaucratic management as to put a brake on Hungarian economic development and hinder its catching up with the more advanced countries. The reform of the Hungarian system of economic control and management, proclaimed in 1966, sought to assist in solving this problem. The two decades since then have supplied important evidence about the opportunities that socialist ownership of the means of production provides for substituting the exclusive role of govemmental administration in economic control with a planned regulated market, and about the difficulties arising in such a process.","PeriodicalId":112719,"journal":{"name":"Money, Incentives, and Efficiency in the Hungarian Economic Reform","volume":"44 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1989-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"117207122","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1989-09-01DOI: 10.1080/00128775.1989.11648428
T. Bácskai
The Hungarian banking system developed from the first third of the nineteenth century along the continental path, leading to the predominance of universal banks, the department stores of finance. This system of a large number of small banks with numerous branches, a sizable part of them at county and town levels, was controlled by a handful of big banks that were tightly intertwined with large foreign banks. This situation created many well-trained and broadly-skilled bank officers because, especially in the provincial banks and in branches with a limited staff, the bank employees had to be "jacks of all trades," mastering all banking and stock exchange operations. Due to the fact that the Association of Banking Employees, a trade-union-like organization, had a strong left-wing audience which had considerable influence among bankers, the higher echelons of banking staffs consisted largely of pro-Allies liberals who had not been associated with Nazism. Thus, to a considerable extent, the new regime was able to draw its banking cadres from professionally well-trained, and politically loyal or neutral people. From 1949 on, even after the filling of the controlling posts with cadres of the labor movement, the lion's share of the former banking staff remained in lower posts as deputies of the new upper-level managerial staff, or in influential advisory jobs. Thus, the correctness and the professionality of banking operations, accounting, calculation, compilation of balance sheets, correspondence, both domestic and foreign, has been maintained at very high standards. Nevertheless, by having eliminated former top-level managers to a large extent, there was and is a scarcity of bankers who are specialists in allocating loans so as to optimize the safety and profitability of a portfolio. This lack was not obvious until the present decentralization because, even after the reform of the economic mechanism in 1968, the autonomy of the banks continued to be severely curtailed. There is a justified hope that Hungary can fill this gap since, from 1951 on, there has been university training for banking, and
{"title":"The Reorganization of the Banking System in Hungary","authors":"T. Bácskai","doi":"10.1080/00128775.1989.11648428","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/00128775.1989.11648428","url":null,"abstract":"The Hungarian banking system developed from the first third of the nineteenth century along the continental path, leading to the predominance of universal banks, the department stores of finance. This system of a large number of small banks with numerous branches, a sizable part of them at county and town levels, was controlled by a handful of big banks that were tightly intertwined with large foreign banks. This situation created many well-trained and broadly-skilled bank officers because, especially in the provincial banks and in branches with a limited staff, the bank employees had to be \"jacks of all trades,\" mastering all banking and stock exchange operations. Due to the fact that the Association of Banking Employees, a trade-union-like organization, had a strong left-wing audience which had considerable influence among bankers, the higher echelons of banking staffs consisted largely of pro-Allies liberals who had not been associated with Nazism. Thus, to a considerable extent, the new regime was able to draw its banking cadres from professionally well-trained, and politically loyal or neutral people. From 1949 on, even after the filling of the controlling posts with cadres of the labor movement, the lion's share of the former banking staff remained in lower posts as deputies of the new upper-level managerial staff, or in influential advisory jobs. Thus, the correctness and the professionality of banking operations, accounting, calculation, compilation of balance sheets, correspondence, both domestic and foreign, has been maintained at very high standards. Nevertheless, by having eliminated former top-level managers to a large extent, there was and is a scarcity of bankers who are specialists in allocating loans so as to optimize the safety and profitability of a portfolio. This lack was not obvious until the present decentralization because, even after the reform of the economic mechanism in 1968, the autonomy of the banks continued to be severely curtailed. There is a justified hope that Hungary can fill this gap since, from 1951 on, there has been university training for banking, and","PeriodicalId":112719,"journal":{"name":"Money, Incentives, and Efficiency in the Hungarian Economic Reform","volume":"9 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1989-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127289747","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Hungarian Financial and Labor Market Reforms","authors":"Catherine M. Sokil","doi":"10.4324/9781315491691-4","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4324/9781315491691-4","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":112719,"journal":{"name":"Money, Incentives, and Efficiency in the Hungarian Economic Reform","volume":"14 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131818064","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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