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Trade Unions in Kenya's War of Independence最新文献

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Shiraz Durrani: 设拉子杜兰尼:
Pub Date : 2018-08-03 DOI: 10.2307/j.ctvh8r4j2.6
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引用次数: 0
Back Matter 回到问题
Pub Date : 2018-08-03 DOI: 10.2307/j.ctvh8r4j2.8
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引用次数: 0
Preface to the Series, Kenya Resists 该系列的序言,肯尼亚抵抗
Pub Date : 2018-08-03 DOI: 10.2307/J.CTVH8R4J2.3
S. Durrani
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引用次数: 0
Appendix: 附录:
Pub Date : 2018-08-03 DOI: 10.2307/j.ctvh8r4j2.7
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引用次数: 0
Selection from: 选择:
Pub Date : 2018-08-03 DOI: 10.2307/j.ctvh8r4j2.5
Trends in medical and for otitis among We conducted a population-based descriptive study of medical visits and surgical interventions for otitis media among 3- and 7-year-old children from the Montreal, Canada, area over the period 1981 to 1983. The number of children seen annually for oti- tis media increased over that time. An increase in the event rate of otitis media was observed; there was also an increase in the rate of myringotomy with ventilatory tube insertion. The rate of surgery reached a level, among 3-year-old children in particular (25.0 per 1000 cases of otitis among boys, 23.9 per 1000 cases of otitis among girls), that some authors have termed 'epidemic'. Comparison of the trends in the rates of surgical interventions and the rates of medical consultations for otitis suggest that most of this so-called surgical epidemic for middle ear effusion is related to a higher frequency of the underlying condition and not to more aggressive pat- terns of therapy during the years studies. Author. We compared the histologic alterations in the tracheae and bronchi of 30 premature baboons that were ventilated with either 100% or prn (as needed) oxygen (the fraction of inspired oxygen necessary to maintain the Pa02 between 50 and 80 mm Hg). The baboons were treated with either conventional positive-pressure ventilation (seven were treated with 100%; seven, prn) or high-frequency oscillatory ventilation (eight were treated with 100%; eight, prn). We used a semiquantitative scoring system to grade tissue changes in the trachea, carina, and main-stem bronchi. The fraction of inspired oxygen for all prn animals fell to a plateau of approxi-mately 0.28 after 36 hours, where it remained for the duration of the study. The 15 100% baboons were ventilated for a mean of 139 hours, while the 15 prn baboons were ventilated for a mean of 151 hours. The findings in all conventional and oscillator-ventilated animals were similar and characterized by squamous metaplasia, cilia loss, and goblet cell loss. For both methods of ventilation, there were no differences in the injury scores between 100% and prn oxygen-treated animals. We concluded that there were no additional tracheobronchial histologic changes with 100% oxygen compared with prn oxygen. Author. randomised double-blind conducted to study the use of two commonly used premedication regimens and the subsequent of throat. Fifty anaesthetised assess ated at five and bilateral at one postspinal may be a more sensitive indication of cerebrospinal fluid neuron pairs: the normalized joint PSTH. Using this technique we have observed that rapid changes in effective connectivity do occur in the DCN. These observations demonstrate that the effect of one DCN neuron on another cannot necessarily be understood by sequential recordings from single units, even if anatomical connec- tivity can be established. Author. The in the pathology of and the molecular events that from DN A supcroxide. singlet tissue damage associa
我们对1981年至1983年期间加拿大蒙特利尔地区3岁和7岁儿童中耳炎的就诊和手术干预进行了一项基于人群的描述性研究。在此期间,每年接受这种媒体治疗的儿童人数有所增加。中耳炎发生率增高;鼓膜切开术并插入通气管的比例也有所增加。手术率,特别是在3岁儿童中(男孩每1000例中耳炎25.0例,女孩每1000例中耳炎23.9例)达到了一些作者称之为“流行病”的水平。对中耳炎手术干预率和内科会诊率趋势的比较表明,在这些年的研究中,大多数所谓的中耳积液手术流行与潜在疾病的更高频率有关,而与更积极的治疗模式无关。作者。我们比较了30只早产狒狒气管和支气管的组织学改变,这些狒狒分别用100%或prn(按需)氧气通气(吸入氧气的比例,以维持Pa02在50和80毫米汞汞之间)。这些狒狒要么接受常规正压通气(7只接受100%正压通气;7例,prn)或高频振荡通气(8例100%;八、打印)。我们使用半定量评分系统对气管、隆突和主干支气管的组织变化进行分级。所有prn动物的吸入氧气比例在36小时后降至约0.28的平台,并在研究期间保持不变。15只100%通气的狒狒平均通气时间为139小时,而15只prn狒狒平均通气时间为151小时。所有常规和振荡通气动物的结果相似,特征是鳞状化生,纤毛丢失和杯状细胞丢失。对于两种通气方法,100%和prn氧处理动物的损伤评分无差异。我们得出结论,100%供氧与prn供氧相比,没有额外的气管支气管组织学改变。作者。随机双盲研究了两种常用的药物前治疗方案和随后的咽喉治疗方案的使用。50麻醉评估在5和双侧在1脊髓后可能是脑脊液神经元对更敏感的指示:标准化关节PSTH。使用这种技术,我们观察到DCN中确实发生了有效连接的快速变化。这些观察结果表明,一个DCN神经元对另一个DCN神经元的影响不一定通过单个单元的连续记录来理解,即使可以建立解剖学上的联系。作者。探讨了脱氧核糖核酸超氧化物反应的病理机制和分子事件。与臭氧吸入和肺泡有关的单线态组织损伤,以及这些损伤背后的细胞和机制过程尚不清楚。臭氧导致多不饱和脂肪酸的氧化分解。以剂量依赖性的方式抑制V79成纤维细胞的DNA复制(浓度,1- 10ppm)。这种反应会抑制复制。并诱导臭氧敏感突变体和肺细胞修复其DNA。DNA加合物与衰老、细胞转化、诱变、致癌有关。细胞死亡;DNA加合物是自由基损伤的产物。最后,DNA结合蛋白是基因表达强有力的正、负调节因子、增强因子或沉默因子。它们的部分作用可能与它们启动DNA转录蛋白的结合序列从而形成复合物的能力有关。臭氧加合物改变dna结合位点可能影响mRNA转录,因为dna结合蛋白的结合改变了。这种改变的转录已被证明会影响参与胶原和基质调节的生长因子。本报告将讨论与臭氧接触有关的一些复杂问题。耳声发射可以根据激发刺激的类型分为两个相互关联的类别。在这种分类的基础上,可以识别出四种离散的亚型,包括自发的、瞬时诱发的、刺激频率的和扭曲产物的耳声发射。在正常听力的人的耳朵记录的方法和结果对每一种类型的发射进行了审查。作者。诱发耳声发射(eoae)是一种很有前途的评估儿童耳蜗状态的工具。本文讨论了从出生到29.9岁的正常听力受试者的初步数据。在婴儿耳中,耳廓声是存在且强健的。然而,即使在精心筛选的样本中,在固定刺激水平下,随着年龄的增加,EOAE振幅也有统计学意义上的显著下降。 目前尚不清楚这些与年龄相关的变化是否由于外耳和/或中耳声学的正常发育变化,耳蜗力学的正常发育变化和/或日常耳蜗磨损所致。讨论了诱发辐射在儿科人群中的进一步应用问题。作者。用诱发耳声发射(EOAE)和听觉脑干反应(ABR)对23例重症监护新生儿进行测试,并对31例进行至少两年的随访测试。对新生儿重症监护病房(NICU)婴儿进行可记录的EOAE检测,对ABR的敏感性和选择性分别为84%。与ABR相比,EOAE被认为是主要的时间。随访数据显示假阳性和假阴性并存的混合结果。听力障碍的发生率与回顾性研究接近,331例中有2例(1例双侧,1例单侧)。从大量的婴儿和进一步的随访数据得出了关于EOAE对长期听力的敏感性的确切结论。在研究的6年期间,1982-1988。其他相关先天性异常的发生率为72%,30%的患者有CHARGE相关。术前计算机轴位断层扫描的优点和缺陷被说明。本文讨论了经鼻入路的手术结果和并发症。84%的患者闭锁成功矫正,12%在一定程度上再狭窄,4%完全消除。最主要的并发症是腭瘘(8%)和Portex管支架引起的小柱溃疡(8%)。实验采用最大长度序列(MLS)和Legendre序列(LGS)两种伪随机脉冲序列诱发脑干听觉诱发反应(BAERs)。在实验1中,每个脉冲序列以50 dB nHL呈现,最小脉冲间隔从1到10 ms不等。随着最短脉冲间隔的缩短,波V潜伏期增加,波V振幅减小,序列类型对波V潜伏期的影响不显著(MLS ABSTRACT患者(13例听神经瘤;一个三叉神经鞘瘤)进入108只裸鼠肾下被膜。在11个实验中,动物只植入了手术标本中的实体瘤。在两个实验中,肿瘤植入物由实体瘤和细胞团制成。在一项实验中,肿瘤植入物仅由细胞簇制成。在1.5至3个月的时间内,连续测定这些肿瘤的大小和新生细胞。实体瘤和细胞团瘤的存活率分别为77.3%和70%。最大肿瘤体积随时间的变化而变化。肿瘤的扩大和稳定性与非血管性密切相关;退行性肿瘤表现为极少或无新生血管。移植肿瘤的组织学分析显示梭形细胞与原肿瘤相似。S100免疫组化染色显示植入物为雪旺细胞。对植入三周的听神经瘤的基因组DNA分析与它的人类起源一致。在接受实体瘤植入物或细胞团的组之间没有显著的显微差异。这些研究表明,将人神经鞘瘤植入裸鼠肾下被膜是一种可重复的研究肿瘤生长的方法,可能有助于测试潜在的治疗方案或神经鞘瘤的遗传调节。作者。癌位于下唇,神经周围延伸至中颅窝。氟康唑治疗19例,酮康唑治疗19例。两组均根除病原菌10例。酮康唑组患者复发率为复发率。这是每日100剂量氟康唑或400剂量酮康唑对治疗癌症患者口咽念珠菌病的价值。纳入220例(86%),其中男108例,女112例,年龄11 ~ 89岁,中位年龄69岁。为了比较老年和年轻受试者,将材料细分为两组:一组小于70岁(n = 113),另一组大于或等于70岁(n = 107)。右耳和/或左耳(配备助听器)在500、1000、2000和4000 Hz时的平均阈值中位数为43 dB HI,因此表明中度听力损失。问卷显示,74%的受试者每天使用助听器,28%很少使用助听器,只有1%从不使用助听器。总样本中有74%的人满意或非常满意ITC-HA, 19%的人不完全满意或不满意。
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引用次数: 60
Preface to Kenya Resists No. 2 《肯尼亚抵抗》前言第2篇
Pub Date : 2018-08-03 DOI: 10.2307/j.ctvh8r4j2.4
S. Durrani
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引用次数: 0
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Trade Unions in Kenya's War of Independence
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