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The Fiscal System and the Polluter Pays Principle最新文献

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Agriculture and forestry 农业和林业
Pub Date : 2019-05-23 DOI: 10.4324/9780429398346-4
E. Kendal
Determination of the most appropriate genotypes based on the multiple trait index is a new method in plant breeding programs. Unpredictable climatic conditions are altering the selection of genotypes based on multiple environmental conditions and multiple traits. In barley breeding programs, some traits (quality, earliness, lodging, etc.) can serve many of our primary breeding purposes other than grain yield. For this reason, the genotype by yield*trait (GYT) biplot approach was used to definite the best barley candidate among 12 barley genotypes based on multi (three) location and multi (nine)traits. In this study, the strengths and weaknesses of each genotype were determined by combining yield and other target traits with GYT biplot method. The general adaptability of each genotype in terms of all features showed differences with concerning for the average of years. On the other hand adaptability of genotypes differed significantly in terms of GYT biplot and GT biplot methods. In the GT biplot method, both the properties and the genotypes showed a wide distribution, whereas in the GYT biplot method yield-feature combinations showed a narrower variation and the most stable genotypes were identified more clearly. Besides, it was concluded that GT biplot method GT bipot method is not very ideal for determining the best genotypes, whereas GYT biplot showed that G4 genotype, was the best; G3, G7, and G5 (Altıkat) variety were ideal genotypes for combined traits. GYT biplot has shown that superior, ideal and stable genotypes can be detected visually by combining all traits in breeding programs.
基于多性状指数确定最适宜的基因型是植物育种中的一种新方法。不可预测的气候条件正在改变基于多种环境条件和多种性状的基因型选择。在大麦育种项目中,一些性状(品质、早熟性、倒伏性等)可以满足我们除产量以外的许多主要育种目的。为此,采用产量*性状基因型(GYT)双图方法,基于多(3)位和多(9)性状,从12个大麦基因型中确定最佳候选大麦。本研究采用GYT双标图法结合产量等目标性状,确定各基因型的优势和劣势。各基因型在各性状上的总体适应性在年平均值上均表现出差异。另一方面,GYT双图和GT双图的基因型适应性差异显著。在GT双图方法中,性状和基因型均表现出广泛的分布,而在GYT双图方法中,产量特征组合的变化较小,最稳定的基因型识别更清晰。GT双标图法在确定最佳基因型方面效果不理想,而GYT双标图显示G4基因型最佳;G3、G7和G5 (Altıkat)品种是组合性状的理想基因型。GYT双图表明,通过综合育种方案中的所有性状,可以直观地检测到优良、理想和稳定的基因型。
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引用次数: 0
Environmental services 环境服务
Pub Date : 2019-05-23 DOI: 10.4324/9780429398346-5
J. Lawlor, S. Scott
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引用次数: 0
Background and scope for change 变更的背景和范围
Pub Date : 2019-05-23 DOI: 10.4324/9780429398346-2
S. Scott
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引用次数: 0
Energy 能源
Pub Date : 2019-05-23 DOI: 10.4324/9780429398346-6
S. Scott
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引用次数: 0
Conclusions 结论
Pub Date : 2019-05-23 DOI: 10.4324/9780429398346-10
A. Barrett, J. Lawlor, S. Scott
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引用次数: 0
Construction 建设
Pub Date : 2019-05-23 DOI: 10.4324/9780429398346-9
A. Barrett
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引用次数: 0
Theory of economic instruments 经济工具理论
Pub Date : 2019-05-23 DOI: 10.4324/9780429398346-3
A. Barrett
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引用次数: 0
期刊
The Fiscal System and the Polluter Pays Principle
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