Pub Date : 2024-07-15DOI: 10.1021/acs.estlett.4c00400
Hyun Yoon, Michael A. P. Vega, Jiaxing Wang, Alexandre J. Poulain, Andrea Giometto, L. Aristilde, Matthew C. Reid
{"title":"Repression of Microbial Arsenite Uptake and Methylation by Dissolved Organic Carbon","authors":"Hyun Yoon, Michael A. P. Vega, Jiaxing Wang, Alexandre J. Poulain, Andrea Giometto, L. Aristilde, Matthew C. Reid","doi":"10.1021/acs.estlett.4c00400","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.estlett.4c00400","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":12036,"journal":{"name":"Environmental Science & Technology Letters","volume":"41 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141645151","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-04-22DOI: 10.1021/acs.estlett.4c00147
Jamie C. DeWitt, Juliane Glüge, Ian T. Cousins, G. Goldenman, D. Herzke, Rainer Lohmann, Mark F. Miller, Carla A. Ng, S. Patton, X. Trier, Lena Vierke, Zhanyun Wang, Sam Adu-Kumi, Simona A. Balan, Andreas M. Buser, Tony Fletcher, L. S. Haug, Jun Huang, S. Kaserzon, Juliana Leonel, Ishmail Sheriff, Ya-Li Shi, Sara Valsecchi, M. Scheringer
{"title":"Zürich II Statement on Per- and Polyfluoroalkyl Substances (PFASs): Scientific and Regulatory Needs","authors":"Jamie C. DeWitt, Juliane Glüge, Ian T. Cousins, G. Goldenman, D. Herzke, Rainer Lohmann, Mark F. Miller, Carla A. Ng, S. Patton, X. Trier, Lena Vierke, Zhanyun Wang, Sam Adu-Kumi, Simona A. Balan, Andreas M. Buser, Tony Fletcher, L. S. Haug, Jun Huang, S. Kaserzon, Juliana Leonel, Ishmail Sheriff, Ya-Li Shi, Sara Valsecchi, M. Scheringer","doi":"10.1021/acs.estlett.4c00147","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.estlett.4c00147","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":12036,"journal":{"name":"Environmental Science & Technology Letters","volume":"69 5","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-04-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140675754","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-05-25DOI: 10.1101/2023.05.17.23290115
M. Link, Andrew Shore, B. Hamadani, D. Poppendieck
Recent interest in commercial devices containing germicidal ultraviolet lamps with a peak emission wavelength at 222 nm (GUV222) has focused on mitigating virus transmission indoors and disinfecting indoor spaces while posing minimum risk to human tissue. However, 222 nm light can produce ozone (O3) in air. O3 is an undesirable component of indoor air because of health impacts from acute to chronic exposure and its ability to degrade indoor air quality through oxidation chemistry. We measured the total irradiance of one GUV222 lamp at a distance of 5 cm away from the source to be 27.0 W m-2 +/- 4.6 W m-2 in the spectral range of 210 nm to 230 nm, with peak emission centered at 222 nm and evaluated the potential for the lamp to generate O3 in a 31.5 m3 stainless steel chamber. In seven four-hour experiments average O3 mixing ratios increased from levels near the detection limit of the instrument to 48 ppbv +/- 1 ppbv (94 ug m-3 +/- 2 ug m-3). We determined an average constant O3 generation rate for this lamp to be 1.10 mg h-1 +/- 0.15 mg h-1. Using a radiometric method and chemical actinometry, we estimate effective lamp fluences that allow prediction of O3 generation by the GUV222 lamp, at best, within 10 % of the measured mixing ratios. Because O3 can react with gases and surfaces indoors leading to the formation of other potential by-products, future studies should evaluate the production of O3 from GUV222 air cleaning devices.
最近对含有峰值发射波长为222纳米(GUV222)的杀菌紫外线灯的商用设备的兴趣集中在减轻室内病毒传播和对室内空间消毒，同时将对人体组织的风险降到最低。然而，222nm的光可以在空气中产生臭氧(O3)。臭氧是室内空气中一种不受欢迎的成分，因为从急性到慢性接触会对健康产生影响，而且它能够通过氧化化学作用降低室内空气质量。我们测量了一盏GUV222灯在距离光源5cm处的总辐照度为27.0 W m-2 +/- 4.6 W m-2，光谱范围为210 nm至230 nm，峰值发射集中在222 nm，并评估了该灯在31.5 m3不锈钢腔中产生O3的潜力。在7个4小时的实验中，平均臭氧混合比从接近仪器检测极限的水平增加到48 ppbv +/- 1 ppbv (94 ug -3 +/- 2 ug -3)。我们确定该灯的平均O3生成速率为1.10 mg h-1 +/- 0.15 mg h-1。使用辐射测定法和化学光化测定法，我们估计了有效灯的影响，使GUV222灯能够预测臭氧的产生，最多在测量的混合比的10%以内。由于O3可以与室内气体和表面发生反应，从而形成其他潜在的副产物，因此未来的研究应评估GUV222空气净化装置产生的O3。
{"title":"Ozone Generation from a Germicidal Ultraviolet Lamp with Peak Emission at 222 nm","authors":"M. Link, Andrew Shore, B. Hamadani, D. Poppendieck","doi":"10.1101/2023.05.17.23290115","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1101/2023.05.17.23290115","url":null,"abstract":"Recent interest in commercial devices containing germicidal ultraviolet lamps with a peak emission wavelength at 222 nm (GUV222) has focused on mitigating virus transmission indoors and disinfecting indoor spaces while posing minimum risk to human tissue. However, 222 nm light can produce ozone (O3) in air. O3 is an undesirable component of indoor air because of health impacts from acute to chronic exposure and its ability to degrade indoor air quality through oxidation chemistry. We measured the total irradiance of one GUV222 lamp at a distance of 5 cm away from the source to be 27.0 W m-2 +/- 4.6 W m-2 in the spectral range of 210 nm to 230 nm, with peak emission centered at 222 nm and evaluated the potential for the lamp to generate O3 in a 31.5 m3 stainless steel chamber. In seven four-hour experiments average O3 mixing ratios increased from levels near the detection limit of the instrument to 48 ppbv +/- 1 ppbv (94 ug m-3 +/- 2 ug m-3). We determined an average constant O3 generation rate for this lamp to be 1.10 mg h-1 +/- 0.15 mg h-1. Using a radiometric method and chemical actinometry, we estimate effective lamp fluences that allow prediction of O3 generation by the GUV222 lamp, at best, within 10 % of the measured mixing ratios. Because O3 can react with gases and surfaces indoors leading to the formation of other potential by-products, future studies should evaluate the production of O3 from GUV222 air cleaning devices.","PeriodicalId":12036,"journal":{"name":"Environmental Science & Technology Letters","volume":"75 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-05-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"86290458","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-05-16DOI: 10.1101/2023.05.13.23289946
Zhe Peng, D. Day, Guy A. Symonds, Olivia J. Jenks, H. Stark, Anne V. Handschy, J. D. de Gouw, J. Jimenez
Lamps emitting at 222 nm have attracted recent interest for germicidal ultraviolet disinfection ("GUV222"). Their impact on indoor air quality is considered negligible. In this study, ozone formation is observed for eight different lamps from five manufacturers, in amounts an order-of-magnitude larger than previous reports. Most lamps produce O3 in amounts close to the first-principles calculation, with e.g. a generation rate of 22 ppb h-1 for Ushio B1 modules in a 21 m3 chamber. Much more O3 is produced by lamps when optical filters were removed for tests, and by an undesired internal electrical discharge. A test in an office shows an increase of ~6.5 ppb during lamp-on periods, consistent with a simple model with the O3 generation rate, ventilation and O3 losses. We demonstrate the use of a photolytic tracer to quantify the averaged GUV222 fluence rate in a room. Low-cost electrochemical O3 sensors were not useful below 100 ppb. Formation of O3 increases indoor particulate matter (PM), which is ~10-30 times more deadly than O3 per unit mass, and which is ignored when only considering O3 threshold limit values. To limit GUV222-created indoor pollution, lower fluence rates should be used if possible, especially under low-ventilation conditions.
{"title":"Significant Production of Ozone from Germicidal UV Lights at 222 nm","authors":"Zhe Peng, D. Day, Guy A. Symonds, Olivia J. Jenks, H. Stark, Anne V. Handschy, J. D. de Gouw, J. Jimenez","doi":"10.1101/2023.05.13.23289946","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1101/2023.05.13.23289946","url":null,"abstract":"Lamps emitting at 222 nm have attracted recent interest for germicidal ultraviolet disinfection (\"GUV222\"). Their impact on indoor air quality is considered negligible. In this study, ozone formation is observed for eight different lamps from five manufacturers, in amounts an order-of-magnitude larger than previous reports. Most lamps produce O3 in amounts close to the first-principles calculation, with e.g. a generation rate of 22 ppb h-1 for Ushio B1 modules in a 21 m3 chamber. Much more O3 is produced by lamps when optical filters were removed for tests, and by an undesired internal electrical discharge. A test in an office shows an increase of ~6.5 ppb during lamp-on periods, consistent with a simple model with the O3 generation rate, ventilation and O3 losses. We demonstrate the use of a photolytic tracer to quantify the averaged GUV222 fluence rate in a room. Low-cost electrochemical O3 sensors were not useful below 100 ppb. Formation of O3 increases indoor particulate matter (PM), which is ~10-30 times more deadly than O3 per unit mass, and which is ignored when only considering O3 threshold limit values. To limit GUV222-created indoor pollution, lower fluence rates should be used if possible, especially under low-ventilation conditions.","PeriodicalId":12036,"journal":{"name":"Environmental Science & Technology Letters","volume":"43 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-05-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"76730172","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-11-01DOI: 10.1101/2022.10.27.22281472
Katya Cherukumilli, R. Bain, Yiru Chen, A. Pickering
Deployment of passive (in-line) chlorinators, devices that disinfect water without electricity or daily user input, is one strategy to advance access to safely managed drinking water. Using the Joint Monitoring Programme (JMP) data, we first calculate the number of people in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs) using drinking water sources that are either compatible (piped water, kiosks) or potentially compatible (packaged/delivered water, rainwater, tubewells, boreholes, protected springs) with passive chlorinators. Leveraging water quality data from the Multiple Indicator Cluster Surveys (MICS), we estimate that 2.32 [95% CI: 2.19, 2.46] billion people in LMICs use microbially contaminated (with fecal indicator bacteria) drinking water sources that are compatible (1.51 [1.42, 1.60] billion) or potentially compatible (817 [776, 858] million) with passive chlorinators. The largest target market for passive chlorinators is in South Asia (551 [532, 571] million rural users and 401 [384, 417] million urban users), where over 77% of drinking water sources compatible with passive chlorinators are contaminated. However, self-reported household water treatment practices indicate that chlorination is more common in the African and Latin American regions, suggesting passive chlorination would have higher acceptance in these regions compared to Asia. Reaching the full target market will require establishing passive chlorinator compatibility with handpumps and protected springs and identifying financially viable implementation models.
{"title":"Estimating the Global Target Market for Passive Chlorination","authors":"Katya Cherukumilli, R. Bain, Yiru Chen, A. Pickering","doi":"10.1101/2022.10.27.22281472","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1101/2022.10.27.22281472","url":null,"abstract":"Deployment of passive (in-line) chlorinators, devices that disinfect water without electricity or daily user input, is one strategy to advance access to safely managed drinking water. Using the Joint Monitoring Programme (JMP) data, we first calculate the number of people in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs) using drinking water sources that are either compatible (piped water, kiosks) or potentially compatible (packaged/delivered water, rainwater, tubewells, boreholes, protected springs) with passive chlorinators. Leveraging water quality data from the Multiple Indicator Cluster Surveys (MICS), we estimate that 2.32 [95% CI: 2.19, 2.46] billion people in LMICs use microbially contaminated (with fecal indicator bacteria) drinking water sources that are compatible (1.51 [1.42, 1.60] billion) or potentially compatible (817 [776, 858] million) with passive chlorinators. The largest target market for passive chlorinators is in South Asia (551 [532, 571] million rural users and 401 [384, 417] million urban users), where over 77% of drinking water sources compatible with passive chlorinators are contaminated. However, self-reported household water treatment practices indicate that chlorination is more common in the African and Latin American regions, suggesting passive chlorination would have higher acceptance in these regions compared to Asia. Reaching the full target market will require establishing passive chlorinator compatibility with handpumps and protected springs and identifying financially viable implementation models.","PeriodicalId":12036,"journal":{"name":"Environmental Science & Technology Letters","volume":"28 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"86673677","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-08-19DOI: 10.1101/2022.08.18.22278938
S. Wurtzer, Morgane Levert, E. Dhénain, M. Boni, J. Tournier, Nicolas Londinsky, A. Lefranc, O. Ferraris, L. Moulin
A monkeypox virus outbreak is currently spreading in multiple non-endemic countries since May 2022. The atypical clinical profile of patients has led to a very likely underestimation of the number of cases at the beginning of epidemic. The detection and quantification of the Monkeypox virus genome in sewersheds in Paris (France) correlated temporally with the identification of the first case of infection and the spread of the disease within the population connected to the sewage system.
{"title":"First detection of Monkeypox virus genome in sewersheds in France","authors":"S. Wurtzer, Morgane Levert, E. Dhénain, M. Boni, J. Tournier, Nicolas Londinsky, A. Lefranc, O. Ferraris, L. Moulin","doi":"10.1101/2022.08.18.22278938","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1101/2022.08.18.22278938","url":null,"abstract":"A monkeypox virus outbreak is currently spreading in multiple non-endemic countries since May 2022. The atypical clinical profile of patients has led to a very likely underestimation of the number of cases at the beginning of epidemic. The detection and quantification of the Monkeypox virus genome in sewersheds in Paris (France) correlated temporally with the identification of the first case of infection and the spread of the disease within the population connected to the sewage system.","PeriodicalId":12036,"journal":{"name":"Environmental Science & Technology Letters","volume":"27 3 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-08-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"86961529","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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