Pub Date : 2020-10-23DOI: 10.15587/1729-4061.2020.213226
S. Tazhibayeva, B. Tyussyupova, A. Yermagambetova, A. Kokanbayev, K. Musabekov
The problem of recycling polymer waste is one of the most actual problems. One way to solve this problem is to create biodegradable food packaging. By mixing solutions of starch and agar at different mass ratios of polymers in the presence of glycerol, biodegradable films are obtained. Their structural and mechanical characteristics are determined. It is shown that the values of strength, modulus of elasticity and puncture resistance of films are maximal at the mass ratio of agar/starch 7-9. A comparison of the roughness of the films obtained from starch, agar and their mixture showed that the greatest roughness is possessed by films based on starch. The introduction of agar into the films of starch leads to a significant reduction in their roughness. To regulate the structural and mechanical properties of films, it is proposed to use Cа and Mg salts. The influence of Ca 2+ and Mg 2+ ions on the strength and deformation characteristics of biofilms was studied. It is shown that Ca 2+ ions monotonically increase the strength characteristics of starch-agar films, while the curves of changes in these parameters in the presence of Mg 2+ ions have maxima at a concentration of 0.5 %. The difference in the effect of Ca 2+ and Mg 2+ ions on the structural and mechanical properties of films is explained by the hydration degree of these ions. The biodegradability of starch-agar films was controlled by changing their IR spectra. The most significant changes are observed in the intensity and localization of peaks corresponding to O-H, C-H and C-C bonds, which can be evidence of changes in the structure of films due to the destruction of the grid of hydrogen bonds and hydrophobic interactions, as well as the break of hydrocarbon chains and the destruction of the skeleton of carbohydrate molecules.
{"title":"Preparation and Regulation of Structural-Mechanical Properties of Biodegradable Films Based on Starch and Agar","authors":"S. Tazhibayeva, B. Tyussyupova, A. Yermagambetova, A. Kokanbayev, K. Musabekov","doi":"10.15587/1729-4061.2020.213226","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15587/1729-4061.2020.213226","url":null,"abstract":"The problem of recycling polymer waste is one of the most actual problems. One way to solve this problem is to create biodegradable food packaging. By mixing solutions of starch and agar at different mass ratios of polymers in the presence of glycerol, biodegradable films are obtained. Their structural and mechanical characteristics are determined. It is shown that the values of strength, modulus of elasticity and puncture resistance of films are maximal at the mass ratio of agar/starch 7-9. A comparison of the roughness of the films obtained from starch, agar and their mixture showed that the greatest roughness is possessed by films based on starch. The introduction of agar into the films of starch leads to a significant reduction in their roughness. To regulate the structural and mechanical properties of films, it is proposed to use Cа and Mg salts. The influence of Ca 2+ and Mg 2+ ions on the strength and deformation characteristics of biofilms was studied. It is shown that Ca 2+ ions monotonically increase the strength characteristics of starch-agar films, while the curves of changes in these parameters in the presence of Mg 2+ ions have maxima at a concentration of 0.5 %. The difference in the effect of Ca 2+ and Mg 2+ ions on the structural and mechanical properties of films is explained by the hydration degree of these ions. The biodegradability of starch-agar films was controlled by changing their IR spectra. The most significant changes are observed in the intensity and localization of peaks corresponding to O-H, C-H and C-C bonds, which can be evidence of changes in the structure of films due to the destruction of the grid of hydrogen bonds and hydrophobic interactions, as well as the break of hydrocarbon chains and the destruction of the skeleton of carbohydrate molecules.","PeriodicalId":120412,"journal":{"name":"Food Engineering eJournal","volume":"54 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-10-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131444135","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Ashish Soner, Dharmendra Chourasiya, Princy Rathore, G. Nikam
This article consideration a combination of unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs), machine learning and remote sensing technology as promising technologies to tackle this challenge. The deployment of UAVs as sensor platforms is a rapidly evolving research area for precision biosecurity and agricultural applications. In this experiment, data collection activities were carried out on crops that were severely affected by various factors, such as natural disasters. In this study, we describe the deployment of a drone platform for collecting high-resolution RGB images for orthophoto imaging. An unsupervised machine learning formula was developed to construct a significant divide of the image at each level of the damaged culture. The implementation algorithm is based on a K-means clustering algorithm. The results show that the algorithm provides the accurate data and the field can be consistently divided into subcategories one for crop damaged area etc. The methods present in this document is a place for further research on automatic damage crop assessment. The motivation of the work is to find the accurate damage area of the field using UAV’s. So that we will get 100% accurate damage area.
{"title":"A Survey on Automatic Crops Damage Assessment Using Remote Sensing","authors":"Ashish Soner, Dharmendra Chourasiya, Princy Rathore, G. Nikam","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.3604099","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.3604099","url":null,"abstract":"This article consideration a combination of unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs), machine learning and remote sensing technology as promising technologies to tackle this challenge. The deployment of UAVs as sensor platforms is a rapidly evolving research area for precision biosecurity and agricultural applications. In this experiment, data collection activities were carried out on crops that were severely affected by various factors, such as natural disasters. In this study, we describe the deployment of a drone platform for collecting high-resolution RGB images for orthophoto imaging. An unsupervised machine learning formula was developed to construct a significant divide of the image at each level of the damaged culture. The implementation algorithm is based on a K-means clustering algorithm. The results show that the algorithm provides the accurate data and the field can be consistently divided into subcategories one for crop damaged area etc. The methods present in this document is a place for further research on automatic damage crop assessment. The motivation of the work is to find the accurate damage area of the field using UAV’s. So that we will get 100% accurate damage area.","PeriodicalId":120412,"journal":{"name":"Food Engineering eJournal","volume":"64 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-05-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126286040","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The perishable grocery industry produces substantial waste. I use an economic model together with sales, perishability, and marginal cost data from a grocery chain’s artisan bread category to evaluate two potential remedies: dynamic pricing and organic waste landfill bans. First, I demonstrate that a store-product’s waste correlates positively with the degree of demand uncertainty and with its profit margin. These patterns are consistent with the classic newsvendor ordering model and suggest that waste is an endogenously determined outcome. Second, I extend the newsvendor model and show that the proposed remedies’ effects are ambiguous. Specifically, (i) dynamic pricing can increase ex ante waste, (ii) waste bans can disincentivize a store from adopting dynamic pricing, and (iii) even when waste bans incentivize its adoption, dynamic pricing can offset some of the waste reduction. Third, I structurally estimate the model on the artisan bread data and use the model to estimate the counterfactual for each remedy. I find that, while the effects vary by store and item, dynamic pricing would reduce total planned waste for the chain by 17.63% and increase gross profits by 3.22%. In comparison, under a fixed pricing policy, a waste ban would result in minimal waste reduction. A ten-fold increase in disposal costs would reduce waste by 4.93%. A waste ban would only marginally increase the return on adopting dynamic pricing, and I cannot rule out a null effect. These results suggest that emissions reductions from waste bans are likely generated by diverting waste away from landfills, rather than reducing waste at the retailer. (Formerly titled "Reducing Retailer Food Waste through Revenue Management")
{"title":"Dynamic Pricing and Organic Waste Bans: a Study of Grocery Retail Food Waste","authors":"Robert E. Sanders","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.2994426","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.2994426","url":null,"abstract":"The perishable grocery industry produces substantial waste. I use an economic model together with sales, perishability, and marginal cost data from a grocery chain’s artisan bread category to evaluate two potential remedies: dynamic pricing and organic waste landfill bans. First, I demonstrate that a store-product’s waste correlates positively with the degree of demand uncertainty and with its profit margin. These patterns are consistent with the classic newsvendor ordering model and suggest that waste is an endogenously determined outcome. Second, I extend the newsvendor model and show that the proposed remedies’ effects are ambiguous. Specifically, (i) dynamic pricing can increase ex ante waste, (ii) waste bans can disincentivize a store from adopting dynamic pricing, and (iii) even when waste bans incentivize its adoption, dynamic pricing can offset some of the waste reduction. Third, I structurally estimate the model on the artisan bread data and use the model to estimate the counterfactual for each remedy. I find that, while the effects vary by store and item, dynamic pricing would reduce total planned waste for the chain by 17.63% and increase gross profits by 3.22%. In comparison, under a fixed pricing policy, a waste ban would result in minimal waste reduction. A ten-fold increase in disposal costs would reduce waste by 4.93%. A waste ban would only marginally increase the return on adopting dynamic pricing, and I cannot rule out a null effect. These results suggest that emissions reductions from waste bans are likely generated by diverting waste away from landfills, rather than reducing waste at the retailer. \u0000 \u0000(Formerly titled \"Reducing Retailer Food Waste through Revenue Management\")","PeriodicalId":120412,"journal":{"name":"Food Engineering eJournal","volume":"40 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-05-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130497676","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
A facial recognition system is a technology capable of identifying or verifying a person from a digital image or a video frame from a video source. There are multiple methods in which facial recognition systems work, but in general, they work by comparing selected facial features from the given image with faces within a database. It is also described as a Biometric Artificial Intelligence-based application that can uniquely identify a person by analyzing patterns based on the person's facial textures and shape. While initially a form of computer application, it has seen wider uses in recent times on mobile platforms and in other forms of technology, such as robotics. It is typically used as access control in security systems and can be compared to other biometrics such as fingerprint or eye iris recognition systems. Although the accuracy of facial recognition system as biometric technology is lower than iris recognition and fingerprint recognition, it is widely adopted due to its contactless and non-invasive process. Recently, it has also become popular as a commercial identification and marketing tool. Other applications include advanced human-computer interaction, video surveillance, automatic indexing of images and video database, among others. The use of facial recognition has recently become a very debatable subject and has been criticized more and more because it was considered an unethical tool used to spy on the public. The reason for such criticism is, however, largely due to the lack of information and regulation of this technology. Used proportionally and responsibly, facial recognition can and should be beneficial. It has the capacity to do much more to increase security in the future-from street crime to airport security. Armed war crime has dominated UK titles throughout the year. Recent statistics indicate that the number of people who benefited from the emergency assistance due to armed attacks increased by almost 40% compared to the two years ago, while the number of children under 18 years of age with stab wounds is increasing by 86 % in only four years. Face recognition has become a normal activity in many airports around the world. Many people today have a so-called biometric passport that allows them to go faster to the gate without having to be controlled. The facial recognition used in this way has significantly reduced waiting times for passport control but also has the ability to increase security in and around airports. Face recognition thus allows officers to identify an individual more quickly and accurately than the human eye. While some critics may worry about technology-related confidentiality issues, airports have shown that the use of facial recognition has improved security as well as speeding up processes such as check-in and in the future, even procedures boarding. When used correctly and proportionally, facial recognition can help protect the public and improve national security on multiple fronts. Similarly,
{"title":"Face Recognition as a Biometric Application","authors":"R. Petrescu","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.3417325","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.3417325","url":null,"abstract":"A facial recognition system is a technology capable of identifying or verifying a person from a digital image or a video frame from a video source. There are multiple methods in which facial recognition systems work, but in general, they work by comparing selected facial features from the given image with faces within a database. It is also described as a Biometric Artificial Intelligence-based application that can uniquely identify a person by analyzing patterns based on the person's facial textures and shape. While initially a form of computer application, it has seen wider uses in recent times on mobile platforms and in other forms of technology, such as robotics. It is typically used as access control in security systems and can be compared to other biometrics such as fingerprint or eye iris recognition systems. Although the accuracy of facial recognition system as biometric technology is lower than iris recognition and fingerprint recognition, it is widely adopted due to its contactless and non-invasive process. Recently, it has also become popular as a commercial identification and marketing tool. Other applications include advanced human-computer interaction, video surveillance, automatic indexing of images and video database, among others. The use of facial recognition has recently become a very debatable subject and has been criticized more and more because it was considered an unethical tool used to spy on the public. The reason for such criticism is, however, largely due to the lack of information and regulation of this technology. Used proportionally and responsibly, facial recognition can and should be beneficial. It has the capacity to do much more to increase security in the future-from street crime to airport security. Armed war crime has dominated UK titles throughout the year. Recent statistics indicate that the number of people who benefited from the emergency assistance due to armed attacks increased by almost 40% compared to the two years ago, while the number of children under 18 years of age with stab wounds is increasing by 86 % in only four years. Face recognition has become a normal activity in many airports around the world. Many people today have a so-called biometric passport that allows them to go faster to the gate without having to be controlled. The facial recognition used in this way has significantly reduced waiting times for passport control but also has the ability to increase security in and around airports. Face recognition thus allows officers to identify an individual more quickly and accurately than the human eye. While some critics may worry about technology-related confidentiality issues, airports have shown that the use of facial recognition has improved security as well as speeding up processes such as check-in and in the future, even procedures boarding. When used correctly and proportionally, facial recognition can help protect the public and improve national security on multiple fronts. Similarly, ","PeriodicalId":120412,"journal":{"name":"Food Engineering eJournal","volume":"17 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"134150023","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2017-09-18DOI: 10.21625/ARCHIVE.V1I1.116
A. Eldeeb
Egypt is defined as an agricultural country where its people put all produced crops to use, whether as food or clothing. An agricultural waste like straw, palm fronds, leaves and others are used in building and interior designing; they’re part of an individual’s lifestyle and culture. As time passed, all of this changed given that local agricultural materials were replaced with technology and new building materials. Farmers became uninterested in what happened to this waste that was burned as a means of disposal, this process has direct effects on public health and the environment. This research examines the problem of palm fronds (agricultural materials) as a wasted renewable source in Egypt. It will attempt to find methods to link these materials with Egyptian handicrafts using new treatments in manufacturing with the cradle to cradle idea to produce compressed panels, wallpapers and other objects used in interior design. This research is important because it aims to find sustainable environmental materials with modern designs using agricultural waste.
{"title":"Recycling Agricultural Waste as a Part of Interior Design and Architectural History in Egypt","authors":"A. Eldeeb","doi":"10.21625/ARCHIVE.V1I1.116","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21625/ARCHIVE.V1I1.116","url":null,"abstract":"Egypt is defined as an agricultural country where its people put all produced crops to use, whether as food or clothing. An agricultural waste like straw, palm fronds, leaves and others are used in building and interior designing; they’re part of an individual’s lifestyle and culture. As time passed, all of this changed given that local agricultural materials were replaced with technology and new building materials. Farmers became uninterested in what happened to this waste that was burned as a means of disposal, this process has direct effects on public health and the environment. This research examines the problem of palm fronds (agricultural materials) as a wasted renewable source in Egypt. It will attempt to find methods to link these materials with Egyptian handicrafts using new treatments in manufacturing with the cradle to cradle idea to produce compressed panels, wallpapers and other objects used in interior design. This research is important because it aims to find sustainable environmental materials with modern designs using agricultural waste.","PeriodicalId":120412,"journal":{"name":"Food Engineering eJournal","volume":"22 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-09-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124671733","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
This article aims to identify antecedents of food waste among lower-middle class families – a paradox, given the financial constraints this population faces. The importance of this research is evident in escalating environmental pressures for better use of our planet’s scarce resources. Given that most of the world is low-income, any behavioral change in this population is likely to have a considerable impact. Empirical data were collected from 14 lower-middle income Brazilian households, based on observations, in-depth interviews, photographs and a focus group (n 5 6). Five major categories of food waste antecedents were identified: (1) excessive purchasing, (2) overpreparation, (3) caring for a pet, (4) avoidance of leftovers and (5) inappropriate food conservation. Several subcategories were also found, including impulse buying, lack of planning and preference for large packages. Surprisingly, findings show that strategies used to save money – such as buying groceries in bulk, monthly shopping trips, preference for supermarkets and cooking from scratch – actually end up generating more food waste. This mitigates the savings made during the purchasing phase.
{"title":"Food Waste Paradox: Antecedents of Food Disposal in Low-Income Households","authors":"Gustavo Porpino, Juracy Gomes Parente, B. Wansink","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.2563622","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.2563622","url":null,"abstract":"This article aims to identify antecedents of food waste among lower-middle class families – a paradox, given the financial constraints this population faces. The importance of this research is evident in escalating environmental pressures for better use of our planet’s scarce resources. Given that most of the world is low-income, any behavioral change in this population is likely to have a considerable impact. Empirical data were collected from 14 lower-middle income Brazilian households, based on observations, in-depth interviews, photographs and a focus group (n 5 6). Five major categories of food waste antecedents were identified: (1) excessive purchasing, (2) overpreparation, (3) caring for a pet, (4) avoidance of leftovers and (5) inappropriate food conservation. Several subcategories were also found, including impulse buying, lack of planning and preference for large packages. Surprisingly, findings show that strategies used to save money – such as buying groceries in bulk, monthly shopping trips, preference for supermarkets and cooking from scratch – actually end up generating more food waste. This mitigates the savings made during the purchasing phase.","PeriodicalId":120412,"journal":{"name":"Food Engineering eJournal","volume":"21 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-01-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123933889","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Sustainably feeding the people continues to be a challenge in the present times. Enormous amount of food wastage aggravate this problem. In most medium- and high-income countries, food wastage mainly occurs at the consumer end. However, in lower-income countries, food wastage primarily occurs within the supply chain. Lack of infrastructure for transportation, warehousing, and refrigeration in developing countries cause significant post-harvest losses. While research shows that developments in food supply chains can reduce food wastage, no systematic research has been done so far to show the possible relationship between the use of technology in food supply chains and food losses. This paper attempts to address this gap by studying the supply chains of different organizations and their food wastage.
{"title":"Food System Transformation Through Cloud Platforms: Application to the Food Waste Management in India","authors":"Y. Chauhan","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.3627429","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.3627429","url":null,"abstract":"Sustainably feeding the people continues to be a challenge in the present times. Enormous amount of food wastage aggravate this problem. In most medium- and high-income countries, food wastage mainly occurs at the consumer end. However, in lower-income countries, food wastage primarily occurs within the supply chain. Lack of infrastructure for transportation, warehousing, and refrigeration in developing countries cause significant post-harvest losses. While research shows that developments in food supply chains can reduce food wastage, no systematic research has been done so far to show the possible relationship between the use of technology in food supply chains and food losses. This paper attempts to address this gap by studying the supply chains of different organizations and their food wastage.","PeriodicalId":120412,"journal":{"name":"Food Engineering eJournal","volume":"22 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-09-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132986414","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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