Pub Date : 2023-08-24DOI: 10.32352/0367-3057.4.23.06
І. А. Костюк, Т. С. Міщенко, Є. Є. Шалабін
Ischemic stroke is a clinical syndrome of rapid development of signs of focal or global loss of brain function that lasts 24 hours or more or leads to death without other (nonvascular) causes. Cerebral stroke is one of the most severe forms of cerebrovascular disease.
A significant place in stroke pharmacotherapy is occupied by prescription drugs that increase the preservation of nervous tissue. Citicoline is an essential mediator in phosphatidylcholine biosynthesis, a major component of biological membranes.
The study aimed to analyze the cost-effectiveness and budget impact on using of complex electrolyt compounds with citicoline combinations in treatment of patients with acute ischemic stroke in Ukraine.
The cost analysis was based on a decision tree model developed for treatment within 28 days after an ischemic stroke, including the likelihood that a patient will need to undergo rehabilitation care in an out-patient or in-patient treatment.
The cost of direct expenses was determined based on the results of the course of Neurocytin® in combination with standard therapy, compared to the use of standard therapy alone, which, according to the results of the modelled analysis, is 30 407.10 UAH and 28 171.43 UAH per 1 person, respectively. Due to performing a pharmacoeconomic analysis using the cost-effectiveness method, the cost-utility indicator was calculated, which for treatment with Neurocytin® is 47 142.79 UAH, and for standard therapy – 46 031.74 UAH. The calculated ICUR value is 68 996.36 UAH, which indicates that the technology of Neurocytin® in combination with standard therapy is more effective and more costly. The ratio of the potential threshold of «willingness to pay» and the ICUR value visually demonstrates that in terms of cost-effectiveness, the technology of Neurocytin® in combination with standard therapy is within the threshold of willingness to pay from the perspective of the state budget.
Based on the budget impact analysis results, it was found that the cost of Scenario 3 (an annual 20% increase in the number of patients prescribed Neurocytin® in combination with standard therapy) will amount to 17.2 billion UAH.
{"title":"Pharmacoeconomic analysis of the use of combinations of complex electrolyte compounds with citicoline in the treatment of patients with acute ischemic stroke in Ukraine","authors":"І. А. Костюк, Т. С. Міщенко, Є. Є. Шалабін","doi":"10.32352/0367-3057.4.23.06","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.32352/0367-3057.4.23.06","url":null,"abstract":"Ischemic stroke is a clinical syndrome of rapid development of signs of focal or global loss of brain function that lasts 24 hours or more or leads to death without other (nonvascular) causes. Cerebral stroke is one of the most severe forms of cerebrovascular disease. 
 A significant place in stroke pharmacotherapy is occupied by prescription drugs that increase the preservation of nervous tissue. Citicoline is an essential mediator in phosphatidylcholine biosynthesis, a major component of biological membranes.
 The study aimed to analyze the cost-effectiveness and budget impact on using of complex electrolyt compounds with citicoline combinations in treatment of patients with acute ischemic stroke in Ukraine.
 The cost analysis was based on a decision tree model developed for treatment within 28 days after an ischemic stroke, including the likelihood that a patient will need to undergo rehabilitation care in an out-patient or in-patient treatment.
 The cost of direct expenses was determined based on the results of the course of Neurocytin® in combination with standard therapy, compared to the use of standard therapy alone, which, according to the results of the modelled analysis, is 30 407.10 UAH and 28 171.43 UAH per 1 person, respectively. Due to performing a pharmacoeconomic analysis using the cost-effectiveness method, the cost-utility indicator was calculated, which for treatment with Neurocytin® is 47 142.79 UAH, and for standard therapy – 46 031.74 UAH. The calculated ICUR value is 68 996.36 UAH, which indicates that the technology of Neurocytin® in combination with standard therapy is more effective and more costly. The ratio of the potential threshold of «willingness to pay» and the ICUR value visually demonstrates that in terms of cost-effectiveness, the technology of Neurocytin® in combination with standard therapy is within the threshold of willingness to pay from the perspective of the state budget.
 Based on the budget impact analysis results, it was found that the cost of Scenario 3 (an annual 20% increase in the number of patients prescribed Neurocytin® in combination with standard therapy) will amount to 17.2 billion UAH.","PeriodicalId":12141,"journal":{"name":"Farmatsevtychnyĭ zhurnal","volume":"18 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-08-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135516429","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-08-24DOI: 10.32352/0367-3057.4.23.09
О. А. Темірова, Я. В. Момро, О. Л. Громова, М. В. Хайтович
In the structure of gynecological diseases, menstrual cycle disorders are for up to 60% and are the most common problem among women of reproductive age. Disorders of menstrual function can be caused by hormonal imbalance, endocrine system diseases, stress, hypovitaminosis, and excessive physical exertion. Changing of the menstrual cycle phases in the future may prevent normal fertilization, therefore it is necessary to receive appropriate pharmacotherapy in a timely manner, which is aimed to correct the main and accompanying pathological conditions for normalizing the reproductive function of women.
The aim of the work – justification of the feasibility of developing pharmaceutical care for menstrual cycle disorders among women of reproductive age.
The pharmacotherapy courses of 133 women aged 18 to 40 who were consulted by gynecologist at the «Kyiv City Maternity Hospital No. 5» and had menstrual cycle disorders were analyzed. Then, a questionnaire was carried out, in which 115 women took part.
It was established that the pharmacotherapy courses that included more than 5 drugs and contained hormonal agents had high risks of interaction. In addition, herbal remedies, biologically active supplements, and vitamins are often used to treat menstrual disorders.
According to the results of a sociological study, a high frequency of menstrual cycle disorders was found among women of reproductive age, the manifestations of which were delayed menstruation (66.6%), the appearance or intensification of a pain syndrome (52.2%), a change in menstruation (27.8%), etc. It has been established that more than 40% of women apply to self-prescription and self-treatment of menstrual cycle disorders. While 12% do not use the drugs for the normalization of menstrual function that was recommended by the doctor. In addition, 20 women who received treatment noted the appearance of side effects, such as headache, fatigue, irritability, changes in body weight, and swelling.
The interaction between the gynecologist-pharmacist-patient is important to ensure rational and safe pharmacotherapy in the treatment of menstrual cycle disorders among women. The pharmacist, through the provision of pharmaceutical care, implements special knowledge of clinical pharmacology regarding the peculiarities of the interaction of drugs, the regimen of taking medicine, and the prevention of adverse reactions that may increase the effectiveness of the treatment of menstrual disorders among women.
{"title":"Pharmaceutical care in the treatment of menstrual cycle disorders among women of reproductive age: rational choice and use of drugs","authors":"О. А. Темірова, Я. В. Момро, О. Л. Громова, М. В. Хайтович","doi":"10.32352/0367-3057.4.23.09","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.32352/0367-3057.4.23.09","url":null,"abstract":"In the structure of gynecological diseases, menstrual cycle disorders are for up to 60% and are the most common problem among women of reproductive age. Disorders of menstrual function can be caused by hormonal imbalance, endocrine system diseases, stress, hypovitaminosis, and excessive physical exertion. Changing of the menstrual cycle phases in the future may prevent normal fertilization, therefore it is necessary to receive appropriate pharmacotherapy in a timely manner, which is aimed to correct the main and accompanying pathological conditions for normalizing the reproductive function of women.
 The aim of the work – justification of the feasibility of developing pharmaceutical care for menstrual cycle disorders among women of reproductive age.
 The pharmacotherapy courses of 133 women aged 18 to 40 who were consulted by gynecologist at the «Kyiv City Maternity Hospital No. 5» and had menstrual cycle disorders were analyzed. Then, a questionnaire was carried out, in which 115 women took part.
 It was established that the pharmacotherapy courses that included more than 5 drugs and contained hormonal agents had high risks of interaction. In addition, herbal remedies, biologically active supplements, and vitamins are often used to treat menstrual disorders.
 According to the results of a sociological study, a high frequency of menstrual cycle disorders was found among women of reproductive age, the manifestations of which were delayed menstruation (66.6%), the appearance or intensification of a pain syndrome (52.2%), a change in menstruation (27.8%), etc. It has been established that more than 40% of women apply to self-prescription and self-treatment of menstrual cycle disorders. While 12% do not use the drugs for the normalization of menstrual function that was recommended by the doctor. In addition, 20 women who received treatment noted the appearance of side effects, such as headache, fatigue, irritability, changes in body weight, and swelling.
 The interaction between the gynecologist-pharmacist-patient is important to ensure rational and safe pharmacotherapy in the treatment of menstrual cycle disorders among women. The pharmacist, through the provision of pharmaceutical care, implements special knowledge of clinical pharmacology regarding the peculiarities of the interaction of drugs, the regimen of taking medicine, and the prevention of adverse reactions that may increase the effectiveness of the treatment of menstrual disorders among women.","PeriodicalId":12141,"journal":{"name":"Farmatsevtychnyĭ zhurnal","volume":"50 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-08-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135516428","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-08-24DOI: 10.32352/0367-3057.4.23.08
О. Ю. Тозюк, О. В. Кривов’яз, Ю. О. Томашевська
The relevance of the issue of formation and implementation of an individual educational trajectory by higher education acquirers is determined by the requirements of the Law of Ukraine «On Higher Education». This strategy is implemented through personal and personalized training.
The aim of the work is to assess the realization level of the higher education acquirers right to choose educational components and the possibility of individual educational trajectory formation.
The object of the research is the results of higher education acquirers surveyby the questionnaire. The method of information search, sociological survey, statistical analysis, comparison and generalization have been used.
The survey was conducted among the 2nd–5th year higher education acquirers at the Pharmacy Faculty of National Pirogov Memorial Medical University, Vinnytsia. It was established that 94% are satisfied with the right of free choice of elective courses according to the survey results. The educational and professional program «Pharmacy» includes 57 elective courses. Higher education acquirers must choose 6 disciplines for the 2nd year, 5 – for the 3rd, 4 – both for the 4th and the 5th. The results indicate that 82% agree that such a number of elective courses is quite sufficient for free choice. The majority of survey participants noted that the procedure itself is quite clear and accessible.
The content of the course (for 103 persons) and competence (for 99 persons) are decisive for the choice process. Feedback from senior students and the teaching methods are also important (for 70 and 49 respondents, respectively). It was established that 16% have experience of academic mobility. The activity of higher education acquirers in research work was determined as 25%. 32% take part in the work of student self-government, artistic activities, volunteering and sports. It was established that 87% feel personal responsibility for the formation and implementation of an individual educational trajectory. At the same time 73% note the necessity of higher informational support in this process. The results confirm that higher education acquirer suse completely their right to choose elective courses and take an active part in their own individual educational trajectory formation.
{"title":"Individual educational trajectory from the point of higher education acquirer","authors":"О. Ю. Тозюк, О. В. Кривов’яз, Ю. О. Томашевська","doi":"10.32352/0367-3057.4.23.08","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.32352/0367-3057.4.23.08","url":null,"abstract":"The relevance of the issue of formation and implementation of an individual educational trajectory by higher education acquirers is determined by the requirements of the Law of Ukraine «On Higher Education». This strategy is implemented through personal and personalized training.
 The aim of the work is to assess the realization level of the higher education acquirers right to choose educational components and the possibility of individual educational trajectory formation.
 The object of the research is the results of higher education acquirers surveyby the questionnaire. The method of information search, sociological survey, statistical analysis, comparison and generalization have been used.
 The survey was conducted among the 2nd–5th year higher education acquirers at the Pharmacy Faculty of National Pirogov Memorial Medical University, Vinnytsia. It was established that 94% are satisfied with the right of free choice of elective courses according to the survey results. The educational and professional program «Pharmacy» includes 57 elective courses. Higher education acquirers must choose 6 disciplines for the 2nd year, 5 – for the 3rd, 4 – both for the 4th and the 5th. The results indicate that 82% agree that such a number of elective courses is quite sufficient for free choice. The majority of survey participants noted that the procedure itself is quite clear and accessible.
 The content of the course (for 103 persons) and competence (for 99 persons) are decisive for the choice process. Feedback from senior students and the teaching methods are also important (for 70 and 49 respondents, respectively). It was established that 16% have experience of academic mobility. The activity of higher education acquirers in research work was determined as 25%. 32% take part in the work of student self-government, artistic activities, volunteering and sports. It was established that 87% feel personal responsibility for the formation and implementation of an individual educational trajectory. At the same time 73% note the necessity of higher informational support in this process. The results confirm that higher education acquirer suse completely their right to choose elective courses and take an active part in their own individual educational trajectory formation.","PeriodicalId":12141,"journal":{"name":"Farmatsevtychnyĭ zhurnal","volume":"37 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-08-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135516430","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-08-24DOI: 10.32352/0367-3057.4.23.01
М. І. Брух, О. Р. Левицька, І. Я. Городецька, О. М. Корнієнко, Б. П. Громовик
Increasing incidence of chronic diseases (bronchial asthma, allergic conditions, cancer, multiple sclerosis), unmet clinical needs for the treatment of immune disorders such as rheumatoid arthritis, increasing number of post-covid diseases are driving the growth of the immunomodulator market. The global CAGR of the immunomodulator market is expected to be 5.4% during 2022–2027. That is why immunomodulators (immunostimulators and immunosuppressants) are a promising segment of the pharmaceutical market.
The aim of the work was to study the range of immunomodulators (in terms of immunostimulators and immunosuppressants) on the pharmaceutical market of Ukraine in wartime conditions and their price conjuncture and economic availability using the example of immunostimulators. The algorithm of our research included 3 stages. The first provided an analysis of the current nomenclature of immunostimulators registered in Ukraine as of February 1, 2023. The second – a study of the price conjuncture of the retail segment of the market and the economic availability of immunostimulators. The third - a study of the marketing characteristics of immunosuppressants.
At the first stage of the research, the results of which are presented in this article, the methods of information search, content analysis, data systematization and generalization have been used. The object of study was the data of the information fund «State Register of Drugs of Ukraine» regarding immunostimulators available on the domestic pharmaceutical market.
It has been established that as of February 1, 2023, 12 INN immunostimulators in the form of 114 drugs were registered in Ukraine. At the same time, the most numerous group of the assortment is interferon alfa-2b drugs (35.96%), and by type of ALP – injectable ALP (52.63%). It has been found that almost two-thirds (61.41%) of registered drugs from the group of immunostimulators are represented by Ukraine, the rest (38.59%) – by 24 foreign producing countries. At the same time, it was shown for the first time that 9 or 12.86% of Ukrainian-made pharmaceuticals and 24 or 54.55% of foreign-made pharmaceuticals are the result of production cooperation of several enterprises. Among Ukrainian manufacturers, the largest number of drugs (27.14% of the range of individual production and 7.14% of the range in cooperation with other enterprises) was registered by Scientific Production Company «Interpharmbiotek» LLC. Among foreign countries, the largest number of immunostimulators on the Ukrainian market is represented by Germany – 12 German manufacturing companies are involved in the production of 16 of them. Three foreign manufacturers (Accord Helskea Limited, Great Britain, Teva Pharmaceutical Industries Ltd., Israel and Sanum-Kelbeck GmbH & Co. KG, Germany) produce 4 drugs each, and other foreign enterprises are involved in the production of one to three drugs.
The results of the study can be used in the formation of the as
{"title":"Immunomodulators as objects of the pharmaceutical market. Message I. Analysis of the nomenclature of immunostimulators","authors":"М. І. Брух, О. Р. Левицька, І. Я. Городецька, О. М. Корнієнко, Б. П. Громовик","doi":"10.32352/0367-3057.4.23.01","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.32352/0367-3057.4.23.01","url":null,"abstract":"Increasing incidence of chronic diseases (bronchial asthma, allergic conditions, cancer, multiple sclerosis), unmet clinical needs for the treatment of immune disorders such as rheumatoid arthritis, increasing number of post-covid diseases are driving the growth of the immunomodulator market. The global CAGR of the immunomodulator market is expected to be 5.4% during 2022–2027. That is why immunomodulators (immunostimulators and immunosuppressants) are a promising segment of the pharmaceutical market.
 The aim of the work was to study the range of immunomodulators (in terms of immunostimulators and immunosuppressants) on the pharmaceutical market of Ukraine in wartime conditions and their price conjuncture and economic availability using the example of immunostimulators. The algorithm of our research included 3 stages. The first provided an analysis of the current nomenclature of immunostimulators registered in Ukraine as of February 1, 2023. The second – a study of the price conjuncture of the retail segment of the market and the economic availability of immunostimulators. The third - a study of the marketing characteristics of immunosuppressants.
 At the first stage of the research, the results of which are presented in this article, the methods of information search, content analysis, data systematization and generalization have been used. The object of study was the data of the information fund «State Register of Drugs of Ukraine» regarding immunostimulators available on the domestic pharmaceutical market.
 It has been established that as of February 1, 2023, 12 INN immunostimulators in the form of 114 drugs were registered in Ukraine. At the same time, the most numerous group of the assortment is interferon alfa-2b drugs (35.96%), and by type of ALP – injectable ALP (52.63%). It has been found that almost two-thirds (61.41%) of registered drugs from the group of immunostimulators are represented by Ukraine, the rest (38.59%) – by 24 foreign producing countries. At the same time, it was shown for the first time that 9 or 12.86% of Ukrainian-made pharmaceuticals and 24 or 54.55% of foreign-made pharmaceuticals are the result of production cooperation of several enterprises. Among Ukrainian manufacturers, the largest number of drugs (27.14% of the range of individual production and 7.14% of the range in cooperation with other enterprises) was registered by Scientific Production Company «Interpharmbiotek» LLC. Among foreign countries, the largest number of immunostimulators on the Ukrainian market is represented by Germany – 12 German manufacturing companies are involved in the production of 16 of them. Three foreign manufacturers (Accord Helskea Limited, Great Britain, Teva Pharmaceutical Industries Ltd., Israel and Sanum-Kelbeck GmbH & Co. KG, Germany) produce 4 drugs each, and other foreign enterprises are involved in the production of one to three drugs.
 The results of the study can be used in the formation of the as","PeriodicalId":12141,"journal":{"name":"Farmatsevtychnyĭ zhurnal","volume":"17 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-08-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135516432","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-08-24DOI: 10.32352/0367-3057.4.23.03
В. Ю. Адонкіна, О. Я. Міщенко, Ю. І. Грешко
Oncological diseases are the one of the most actual problems of modern medicine. In the oncological diseases structure in Ukraine breast cancer (BC) takes the first place among women.
The purpose of the study is to analyze the dynamic of the population's morbidity rates for breast cancer (BC) in Ukraine and its administrative-territorial units (regions) for 2017–2021 in order to further determine the necessary amount of costs for providing medical and pharmaceutical care.
For the analysis, official data for 2017‒2021 of the annual bulletins and other publications of the National Cancer Registry of Ukraine № 19-24 «Cancer in Ukraine» for 2017‒2021 of the SNE «National Cancer Institute» were used. Retrospective, mathematical-statistical, logical, system-analytical and comparative methods of analysis were used.
The results of the analysis of the BC incidence rates for 2017‒2021 in Ukraine showed that the minimum number of patients with BC registered in oncology dispensaries was observed in 2017 (142,097 people) with a gradual increase to 157,274 persons in 2020. In 2021, the incidence rate was 52,752 persons. In 2021, there was a sharp decrease in the incidence rate, which could have happened not due to a real decrease in incidence, but due to a decrease in the level of diagnostics, which was facilitated by quarantine restrictions regarding the coronavirus infection, the outbreak of which began in 2019.
Analysis of the dynamics of changes in the number of cases of BC in Ukraine for 2017‒2021 shows that the maximum value of the absolute increase was observed in 2017 (1,326 people), and the minimum ‒ in 2020 (-2,031 people).
The existence of significant variability of morbidity indicators in different administrative and territorial associations of the country was established. In the Rivne, Ternopil, Ivano-Frankivsk and Lviv regions, there is an increase in the number of patients with BC. The lowest incidence rates were observed in Kherson, Vinnytsia and Donetsk regions.
The large number of patients who were diagnosed with BC for the first time determines the need for effective financial support in the provision of medical and pharmaceutical assistance in order to realize the constitutional rights of citizens to receive effective medicines.
{"title":"Study of breast cancer incidence in the population of Ukraine at the state and regional levels","authors":"В. Ю. Адонкіна, О. Я. Міщенко, Ю. І. Грешко","doi":"10.32352/0367-3057.4.23.03","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.32352/0367-3057.4.23.03","url":null,"abstract":"Oncological diseases are the one of the most actual problems of modern medicine. In the oncological diseases structure in Ukraine breast cancer (BC) takes the first place among women.
 The purpose of the study is to analyze the dynamic of the population's morbidity rates for breast cancer (BC) in Ukraine and its administrative-territorial units (regions) for 2017–2021 in order to further determine the necessary amount of costs for providing medical and pharmaceutical care.
 For the analysis, official data for 2017‒2021 of the annual bulletins and other publications of the National Cancer Registry of Ukraine № 19-24 «Cancer in Ukraine» for 2017‒2021 of the SNE «National Cancer Institute» were used. Retrospective, mathematical-statistical, logical, system-analytical and comparative methods of analysis were used.
 The results of the analysis of the BC incidence rates for 2017‒2021 in Ukraine showed that the minimum number of patients with BC registered in oncology dispensaries was observed in 2017 (142,097 people) with a gradual increase to 157,274 persons in 2020. In 2021, the incidence rate was 52,752 persons. In 2021, there was a sharp decrease in the incidence rate, which could have happened not due to a real decrease in incidence, but due to a decrease in the level of diagnostics, which was facilitated by quarantine restrictions regarding the coronavirus infection, the outbreak of which began in 2019.
 Analysis of the dynamics of changes in the number of cases of BC in Ukraine for 2017‒2021 shows that the maximum value of the absolute increase was observed in 2017 (1,326 people), and the minimum ‒ in 2020 (-2,031 people).
 The existence of significant variability of morbidity indicators in different administrative and territorial associations of the country was established. In the Rivne, Ternopil, Ivano-Frankivsk and Lviv regions, there is an increase in the number of patients with BC. The lowest incidence rates were observed in Kherson, Vinnytsia and Donetsk regions.
 The large number of patients who were diagnosed with BC for the first time determines the need for effective financial support in the provision of medical and pharmaceutical assistance in order to realize the constitutional rights of citizens to receive effective medicines.","PeriodicalId":12141,"journal":{"name":"Farmatsevtychnyĭ zhurnal","volume":"59 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-08-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135516435","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-08-24DOI: 10.32352/0367-3057.4.23.02
О. М. Заліська, З. О. Заболотня, О. М. Семенов, Н. М. Максимович, Т. Г. Калинюк, О. З. Барчук
The need to saving of the pharmacies are preparing extemporaneous dosage forms (DF) is substantiated, and their effectiveness in the conditions of the coronavirus pandemic, martial law is shown.
The purpose of work was to conduct an analysis of the dynamics of the pharmacy number that manufacture EDF on the example of the Lviv region, the city of Lviv during 30 years, in order to determine trends. It was to study the list of DFs that were extemporaneously compounded. The list of DFs was analyzed, with an emphasis on the list of disinfectant solutions for sanitizing hands during the COVID-19 pandemic and wartime. The analysis objects were documents, order books of pharmacies with production departments during 30 years of activity.
The list of pharmaceuticals from 14 pharmacies that have valid licenses and actually carry out extemporaneous production in the city of Lviv, the Lviv region was studied. Research methods: historical, bibliographic, documentary, content analysis, systematization and generalization.
We have selected a set of 11 dosage forms, which were most often compounded during the coronavirus pandemic and martial law during 2020-2023, these prescriptions can be recommended for implementation in the work of compounding departments of private pharmacies. It was found that most industrial disinfectant solutions contain 60% isopropyl alcohol or 70%‒75% ethyl alcohol, so these solutions do not meet WHO recommendations for disinfection during a pandemic COVID-19.
It was established that the costs of disinfectant solutions per one litre were higher by 44.4% compared to one litre of extemporaneous production disinfectants, which has significant economic benefits for the rational use of budget funds.
It was substantiated that the urgent task of harmonizing with the legislation of the European Union regarding the work of pharmacies that have extemporaneous production requires the introduction of changes to the Resolution of the CMU dated 30.11.2016 N 929 on Licensing conditions for conducting business activities in the production of medicinal products, wholesale and retail trade medicinal products, on the mandatory extemporaneous production of medicinal forms in each pharmacy, regardless of the form of ownership.
It was established that 71.4% of extemporaneous pharmacies are communally owned, when chain pharmacies do not perform such a function at all, therefore it is necessary to harmonize with EU requirements for the presence of compounding departments in each pharmacy with good conditions and personnel for production.
The need for a hospital pharmacy with appropriate staff in each hospital for the preparation of sterile and non-sterile medical forms in Ukraine, and to ensure the practice of students and the internship of pharmacists is substantiated.
药店正在制备临时剂型(DF)的必要性得到了证实，其在冠状病毒大流行、戒严条件下的有效性得到了证明。工作的目的是以利沃夫地区为例，对利沃夫市30年来生产EDF的药房数量的动态进行分析，以确定趋势。这是为了研究临时合成的df列表。分析了DFs清单，重点分析了COVID-19大流行期间和战时用于手部消毒的消毒液清单。分析对象为经营30年的生产部门药房的文件、订单簿。
研究了利沃夫地区利沃夫市14家拥有有效许可证并实际进行临时生产的药店的药品清单。研究方法:史料法、书目法、文献法、内容分析法、系统化、一般化。
我们选取了2020-2023年冠状病毒大流行和戒严期间配药最常使用的11种剂型，可供民营药店配药部门推荐实施。研究发现，大多数工业消毒液含有60%的异丙醇或70%-75%的乙醇，因此这些消毒液不符合世卫组织在COVID-19大流行期间的消毒建议。与临时生产的1升消毒剂相比，每升消毒液的成本高出44.4%，对合理使用预算资金具有显著的经济效益。
经证实，与欧盟关于临时生产药房工作的立法相协调的紧迫任务需要对2016年11月30日CMU N 929号决议进行修改，该决议是关于在药品生产、批发和零售贸易药品中开展商业活动的许可条件，以及每个药房强制临时生产药物形式。无论所有权形式如何。
结果表明，71.4%的临时药店为公共所有，而连锁药店根本不履行这一职能，因此有必要与欧盟要求保持一致，即每家药店都有配药部门，并具有良好的生产条件和人员。
在乌克兰，每所医院都需要配备适当工作人员的医院药房，以便编制无菌和非无菌医疗表格，并确保学生的做法和药剂师的实习得到证实。
{"title":"Analysis of trends and necessity of extemporal compounding of medicinal forms in pharmacies during wartime and the COVID-19 pandemic in Ukraine","authors":"О. М. Заліська, З. О. Заболотня, О. М. Семенов, Н. М. Максимович, Т. Г. Калинюк, О. З. Барчук","doi":"10.32352/0367-3057.4.23.02","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.32352/0367-3057.4.23.02","url":null,"abstract":"The need to saving of the pharmacies are preparing extemporaneous dosage forms (DF) is substantiated, and their effectiveness in the conditions of the coronavirus pandemic, martial law is shown.
 The purpose of work was to conduct an analysis of the dynamics of the pharmacy number that manufacture EDF on the example of the Lviv region, the city of Lviv during 30 years, in order to determine trends. It was to study the list of DFs that were extemporaneously compounded. The list of DFs was analyzed, with an emphasis on the list of disinfectant solutions for sanitizing hands during the COVID-19 pandemic and wartime. The analysis objects were documents, order books of pharmacies with production departments during 30 years of activity.
 The list of pharmaceuticals from 14 pharmacies that have valid licenses and actually carry out extemporaneous production in the city of Lviv, the Lviv region was studied. Research methods: historical, bibliographic, documentary, content analysis, systematization and generalization.
 We have selected a set of 11 dosage forms, which were most often compounded during the coronavirus pandemic and martial law during 2020-2023, these prescriptions can be recommended for implementation in the work of compounding departments of private pharmacies. It was found that most industrial disinfectant solutions contain 60% isopropyl alcohol or 70%‒75% ethyl alcohol, so these solutions do not meet WHO recommendations for disinfection during a pandemic COVID-19.
 It was established that the costs of disinfectant solutions per one litre were higher by 44.4% compared to one litre of extemporaneous production disinfectants, which has significant economic benefits for the rational use of budget funds.
 It was substantiated that the urgent task of harmonizing with the legislation of the European Union regarding the work of pharmacies that have extemporaneous production requires the introduction of changes to the Resolution of the CMU dated 30.11.2016 N 929 on Licensing conditions for conducting business activities in the production of medicinal products, wholesale and retail trade medicinal products, on the mandatory extemporaneous production of medicinal forms in each pharmacy, regardless of the form of ownership.
 It was established that 71.4% of extemporaneous pharmacies are communally owned, when chain pharmacies do not perform such a function at all, therefore it is necessary to harmonize with EU requirements for the presence of compounding departments in each pharmacy with good conditions and personnel for production.
 The need for a hospital pharmacy with appropriate staff in each hospital for the preparation of sterile and non-sterile medical forms in Ukraine, and to ensure the practice of students and the internship of pharmacists is substantiated.","PeriodicalId":12141,"journal":{"name":"Farmatsevtychnyĭ zhurnal","volume":"70 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-08-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135516263","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-08-24DOI: 10.32352/0367-3057.4.23.07
В. М. Назаркіна, Н. А. Сліпцова
Epidermolysis bullosa (EB) is a group of rare diseases of the skin and mucous membranes that leads to the formation of blisters and erosions. The incidence of EB in the world is 17 cases per 1 million newborns. According to the DEBRA Ukraine Center, a public organization of patients with EB, there are about 300 such patients in Ukraine, 199 of them are pediatric patients and 120 require intensive treatment. Nowadays, the disease is classified as incurable, and the available technologies for treating EB are focused on symptomatic treatment (wound care, pain relief, etc.).
The purpose of the study is to analyze the economic burden of EB and identify ways to increase the availability of technologies for its treatment.
The objects of the study were scientific publications, guidelines (protocols), statistics, Orphanet, official data of the Ministry of Health and the State Enterprise «Medical Procurement of Ukraine», and data from the official websites of authorized bodies. We used content analysis, comparison, generalization and marketing analysis.
The analysis of regulatory documents and information materials on the organization of medical care and pharmaceutical support for patients with EB in Ukraine and other countries was conducted. The data on the economic burden of epidermolysis bullosa in the world were analyzed and summarized. It was concluded that non-medical and indirect medical costs occupy the predominant share in the structure of the cost of treating EB. These types of costs are difficult to compare, as each country has its own health care system and, in particular, reimbursement plan for orphan patients. At the same time, the rare and clinically heterogeneous nature of the disease itself is a limiting factor in conducting a comparative analysis.
It has been proved that the cost of wound care (medicines and special dressings) also greatly impacts the financial situation of patients with EB and their families, as they are usually reimbursed selectively. In Ukraine, the situation with the provision of pharmaceuticals for patients with serious systemic skin diseases, including EB, requires regulatory and legal regulation, in particular, revision of the procurement nomenclature and changes in approaches to pharmaceutical provision (including the provision of free prescriptions), taking into account the specifics of the disease.
{"title":"Analysis of the economic burden of epidermolisis bulous and the availability of technologies for its treatment","authors":"В. М. Назаркіна, Н. А. Сліпцова","doi":"10.32352/0367-3057.4.23.07","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.32352/0367-3057.4.23.07","url":null,"abstract":"Epidermolysis bullosa (EB) is a group of rare diseases of the skin and mucous membranes that leads to the formation of blisters and erosions. The incidence of EB in the world is 17 cases per 1 million newborns. According to the DEBRA Ukraine Center, a public organization of patients with EB, there are about 300 such patients in Ukraine, 199 of them are pediatric patients and 120 require intensive treatment. Nowadays, the disease is classified as incurable, and the available technologies for treating EB are focused on symptomatic treatment (wound care, pain relief, etc.).
 The purpose of the study is to analyze the economic burden of EB and identify ways to increase the availability of technologies for its treatment.
 The objects of the study were scientific publications, guidelines (protocols), statistics, Orphanet, official data of the Ministry of Health and the State Enterprise «Medical Procurement of Ukraine», and data from the official websites of authorized bodies. We used content analysis, comparison, generalization and marketing analysis. 
 The analysis of regulatory documents and information materials on the organization of medical care and pharmaceutical support for patients with EB in Ukraine and other countries was conducted. The data on the economic burden of epidermolysis bullosa in the world were analyzed and summarized. It was concluded that non-medical and indirect medical costs occupy the predominant share in the structure of the cost of treating EB. These types of costs are difficult to compare, as each country has its own health care system and, in particular, reimbursement plan for orphan patients. At the same time, the rare and clinically heterogeneous nature of the disease itself is a limiting factor in conducting a comparative analysis.
 It has been proved that the cost of wound care (medicines and special dressings) also greatly impacts the financial situation of patients with EB and their families, as they are usually reimbursed selectively. In Ukraine, the situation with the provision of pharmaceuticals for patients with serious systemic skin diseases, including EB, requires regulatory and legal regulation, in particular, revision of the procurement nomenclature and changes in approaches to pharmaceutical provision (including the provision of free prescriptions), taking into account the specifics of the disease.","PeriodicalId":12141,"journal":{"name":"Farmatsevtychnyĭ zhurnal","volume":"15 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-08-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135516427","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-08-24DOI: 10.32352/0367-3057.4.23.05
М. М. Бабенко, В. М. Назаркіна, А. С. Немченко, К. Л. Косяченко
In the process of developing the national system of the HTA, it is very important to take into account the positive international experience in substantiating a promising model, a rational management structure, distribution of functions and powers, and establishing effective interaction with the public and international partner organizations.
The purpose of the study is to analyze current approaches to the organization of HTA in different countries and to identify priority areas for the development of the national HTA system and its institutional structure, taking into account international experience.
The study used the following methods: systematic search in the literature and on the websites of bodies and institutions that conduct HTA, system analysis, content analysis, structural and functional analysis, systematization and generalization.
The article focuses on the peculiarities of the activities of 53 organizations that provide HTA in 27 European countries. HTA systems differ in the way they are created and structured depending on their place in the healthcare system and their role in the decision-making process on pricing and reimbursement. The organizational structure of the HTA system is being built mainly at the national level, except for countries with decentralized healthcare systems, due to the peculiarities of the state system and the structure of the system itself. There is a tendency to unite the efforts of the EU Member States to create a common medical space and increase access to and affordability of medicines and vaccines, and the HTA Regulation has been implemented to simplify the HTA procedure, unify the methodology and optimize costs. Institutions that conduct HTA at the national level are mostly independent of the competent authorities which they cooperate with (74%), although their activities are usually accountable to these authorities. In our view, arm's length bodies are more common in more developed HTA systems and ensure an appropriate level of transparency and impartiality. As a rule, most independent bodies perform an advisory function (54%) and publish their reports and results of the HTA in the public domain, while integrated bodies keep their results confidential. At the same time, most of the results of the HTA don’t have required legal validity (80%). It was found that all the countries analyzed have well-developed processes for the evaluation of medicines, but often lack them for other HTs. The existence of more than one HTA agency at the national level often indicates that these agencies have different mandates and evaluate different HTs. Some different concerned parties (such as public trade and patient’s organizations) are actively implicated to HTA management as commission of HTA members (94%) and/or with help of outdoor consultations (76%).
{"title":"Scientific generalization of approaches to the development of the Health Technology Assessment system in international practice","authors":"М. М. Бабенко, В. М. Назаркіна, А. С. Немченко, К. Л. Косяченко","doi":"10.32352/0367-3057.4.23.05","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.32352/0367-3057.4.23.05","url":null,"abstract":"In the process of developing the national system of the HTA, it is very important to take into account the positive international experience in substantiating a promising model, a rational management structure, distribution of functions and powers, and establishing effective interaction with the public and international partner organizations.
 The purpose of the study is to analyze current approaches to the organization of HTA in different countries and to identify priority areas for the development of the national HTA system and its institutional structure, taking into account international experience.
 The study used the following methods: systematic search in the literature and on the websites of bodies and institutions that conduct HTA, system analysis, content analysis, structural and functional analysis, systematization and generalization.
 The article focuses on the peculiarities of the activities of 53 organizations that provide HTA in 27 European countries. HTA systems differ in the way they are created and structured depending on their place in the healthcare system and their role in the decision-making process on pricing and reimbursement. The organizational structure of the HTA system is being built mainly at the national level, except for countries with decentralized healthcare systems, due to the peculiarities of the state system and the structure of the system itself. There is a tendency to unite the efforts of the EU Member States to create a common medical space and increase access to and affordability of medicines and vaccines, and the HTA Regulation has been implemented to simplify the HTA procedure, unify the methodology and optimize costs. Institutions that conduct HTA at the national level are mostly independent of the competent authorities which they cooperate with (74%), although their activities are usually accountable to these authorities. In our view, arm's length bodies are more common in more developed HTA systems and ensure an appropriate level of transparency and impartiality. As a rule, most independent bodies perform an advisory function (54%) and publish their reports and results of the HTA in the public domain, while integrated bodies keep their results confidential. At the same time, most of the results of the HTA don’t have required legal validity (80%). It was found that all the countries analyzed have well-developed processes for the evaluation of medicines, but often lack them for other HTs. The existence of more than one HTA agency at the national level often indicates that these agencies have different mandates and evaluate different HTs. Some different concerned parties (such as public trade and patient’s organizations) are actively implicated to HTA management as commission of HTA members (94%) and/or with help of outdoor consultations (76%).","PeriodicalId":12141,"journal":{"name":"Farmatsevtychnyĭ zhurnal","volume":"15 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-08-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135516433","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-08-24DOI: 10.32352/0367-3057.4.23.04
І. О. Власенко
The patient's medication adherence significantly affects the achievement of therapy goals.
Adherence to DM therapies ranges from 36% to 93%. Improving adherence is expected to reduce healthcare costs, reduce HbA1c and the risk of complications. In Ukraine, the majority of patients with diabetes (PwD) do not achieve satisfactory glycemic goals. Adherence to the treatment of PwD has not been studied in Ukraine. Survey of their adherence to therapy of PwD was conducted.
The aim of the work was to study the adherence to treatment of PwD.
The survey of PwD regarding adherence to treatment was conducted by the questionnaire method using remote forms with applying Google forms.
The conducted survey identified the numerous problems regarding the use of drugs and adherence to the treatment of PwD in Ukraine. Main reasons of low adherence to therapies of PwD are memory problems and cognitive impairment fear of hypoglycemia; problems with the use of equipment (glucometers, pens); emotional exhaustion; poor communication with the doctor; polypharmacy; unavailability of necessary treatment and control DM. At the same time, the survey revealed communication problems with doctors and pharmacists. According to PwDs view in Ukraine, the attributes they expect from a doctor and pharmacist are: more information and training; a more accessible explanation of the goals and regimen of treatment. To improve the situation, medical and pharmaceutical workers should use accessible language, without using complex terms and show interest, support, compassion, tolerance, empathy and sometimes appropriate humor. In the words three intervention strategies of pharmacists to increase adherence to treatment are identified: educational (increasing patients' knowledge about DM), behavioral (consultations, monitoring treatment goals, behavior change, monitoring adverse reactions), and educational-behavioral.
Intervention strategies by pharmacists will improve adherence to treatment, which can be implemented according to GPP, tailored to patients of this nosology. Improving adherence to diabetes treatment will improve treatment efficacy and achieve glycemic goals and prevent the development of complications.
{"title":"Study of adherence to treatment of patients with diabetes in Ukraine.","authors":"І. О. Власенко","doi":"10.32352/0367-3057.4.23.04","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.32352/0367-3057.4.23.04","url":null,"abstract":"The patient's medication adherence significantly affects the achievement of therapy goals.
 Adherence to DM therapies ranges from 36% to 93%. Improving adherence is expected to reduce healthcare costs, reduce HbA1c and the risk of complications. In Ukraine, the majority of patients with diabetes (PwD) do not achieve satisfactory glycemic goals. Adherence to the treatment of PwD has not been studied in Ukraine. Survey of their adherence to therapy of PwD was conducted.
 The aim of the work was to study the adherence to treatment of PwD.
 The survey of PwD regarding adherence to treatment was conducted by the questionnaire method using remote forms with applying Google forms.
 The conducted survey identified the numerous problems regarding the use of drugs and adherence to the treatment of PwD in Ukraine. Main reasons of low adherence to therapies of PwD are memory problems and cognitive impairment fear of hypoglycemia; problems with the use of equipment (glucometers, pens); emotional exhaustion; poor communication with the doctor; polypharmacy; unavailability of necessary treatment and control DM. At the same time, the survey revealed communication problems with doctors and pharmacists. According to PwDs view in Ukraine, the attributes they expect from a doctor and pharmacist are: more information and training; a more accessible explanation of the goals and regimen of treatment. To improve the situation, medical and pharmaceutical workers should use accessible language, without using complex terms and show interest, support, compassion, tolerance, empathy and sometimes appropriate humor. In the words three intervention strategies of pharmacists to increase adherence to treatment are identified: educational (increasing patients' knowledge about DM), behavioral (consultations, monitoring treatment goals, behavior change, monitoring adverse reactions), and educational-behavioral.
 Intervention strategies by pharmacists will improve adherence to treatment, which can be implemented according to GPP, tailored to patients of this nosology. Improving adherence to diabetes treatment will improve treatment efficacy and achieve glycemic goals and prevent the development of complications.","PeriodicalId":12141,"journal":{"name":"Farmatsevtychnyĭ zhurnal","volume":"81 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-08-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135516431","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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