Pub Date : 2016-04-11DOI: 10.1109/CySWater.2016.7469059
C. Rottondi, G. Verticale
Serious games are potentially powerful tools to influence users' preferences and attitudes. However, privacy concerns related to the misuse of data gathered from the players may emerge in online-gaming interactions. This work proposes a privacy-friendly framework for a gaming platform aimed at reducing energy and water usage, where players are grouped in teams with the challenge of maintaining the aggregated consumption of its members below a given threshold. We discuss a communication protocol which enables the team members to compute their overall consumption without disclosing individual measurements. Moreover, the protocol prevents the gaming platform from learning the consumption data and challenge objectives of the players. Correctness and truthfulness checks are included in the protocol to detect cheaters declaring false consumption data or providing altered game results. The security and performance of the framework are assessed, showing that scalability is ensured thanks to the limited data exchange and lightweight cryptographic operations.
{"title":"Enabling privacy in a gaming framework for smart electricity and water grids","authors":"C. Rottondi, G. Verticale","doi":"10.1109/CySWater.2016.7469059","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/CySWater.2016.7469059","url":null,"abstract":"Serious games are potentially powerful tools to influence users' preferences and attitudes. However, privacy concerns related to the misuse of data gathered from the players may emerge in online-gaming interactions. This work proposes a privacy-friendly framework for a gaming platform aimed at reducing energy and water usage, where players are grouped in teams with the challenge of maintaining the aggregated consumption of its members below a given threshold. We discuss a communication protocol which enables the team members to compute their overall consumption without disclosing individual measurements. Moreover, the protocol prevents the gaming platform from learning the consumption data and challenge objectives of the players. Correctness and truthfulness checks are included in the protocol to detect cheaters declaring false consumption data or providing altered game results. The security and performance of the framework are assessed, showing that scalability is ensured thanks to the limited data exchange and lightweight cryptographic operations.","PeriodicalId":122308,"journal":{"name":"2016 International Workshop on Cyber-physical Systems for Smart Water Networks (CySWater)","volume":"37 4 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-04-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125704455","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2016-04-11DOI: 10.1109/CySWater.2016.7469055
Sokratis Kartakis, Marija Milojevic-Jevric, G. Tzagkarakis, J. Mccann
Contemporary water distribution networks exploit Internet of Things (IoT) technologies to monitor and control the behavior of water network assets. Smart meters/sensor and actuator nodes have been used to transfer information from the water network to data centers for further analysis. Due to the underground position of water assets, many water companies tend to deploy battery driven nodes which last beyond the 10-year mark. This prohibits the use of high-sample rate sensing therefore limiting the knowledge we can obtain from the recorder data. To alleviate this problem, efficient data compression enables high-rate sampling, whilst reducing significantly the required storage and bandwidth resources without sacrificing the meaningful information content. This paper introduces a novel algorithm which combines the accuracy of standard lossless compression with the efficiency of a compressive sensing framework. Our method balances the tradeoffs of each technique and optimally selects the best compression mode by minimizing reconstruction errors, given the sensor node battery state. To evaluate our algorithm, real high-sample rate water pressure data of over 170 days and 25 sensor nodes of our real world large scale testbed was used. The experimental results reveal that our algorithm can reduce communication around 66% and extend battery life by 46% compared to traditional periodic communication techniques.
{"title":"Energy-based adaptive compression in water network control systems","authors":"Sokratis Kartakis, Marija Milojevic-Jevric, G. Tzagkarakis, J. Mccann","doi":"10.1109/CySWater.2016.7469055","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/CySWater.2016.7469055","url":null,"abstract":"Contemporary water distribution networks exploit Internet of Things (IoT) technologies to monitor and control the behavior of water network assets. Smart meters/sensor and actuator nodes have been used to transfer information from the water network to data centers for further analysis. Due to the underground position of water assets, many water companies tend to deploy battery driven nodes which last beyond the 10-year mark. This prohibits the use of high-sample rate sensing therefore limiting the knowledge we can obtain from the recorder data. To alleviate this problem, efficient data compression enables high-rate sampling, whilst reducing significantly the required storage and bandwidth resources without sacrificing the meaningful information content. This paper introduces a novel algorithm which combines the accuracy of standard lossless compression with the efficiency of a compressive sensing framework. Our method balances the tradeoffs of each technique and optimally selects the best compression mode by minimizing reconstruction errors, given the sensor node battery state. To evaluate our algorithm, real high-sample rate water pressure data of over 170 days and 25 sensor nodes of our real world large scale testbed was used. The experimental results reveal that our algorithm can reduce communication around 66% and extend battery life by 46% compared to traditional periodic communication techniques.","PeriodicalId":122308,"journal":{"name":"2016 International Workshop on Cyber-physical Systems for Smart Water Networks (CySWater)","volume":"45 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-04-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124006462","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2016-04-11DOI: 10.1109/CySWater.2016.7469061
D. Kofinas, E. Papageorgiou, C. Laspidou, N. Mellios, K. Kokkinos
Water demand forecast has emerged as an imperative component of intelligent Internet and Communication Technologies based methodologies of water management. The need of increased time resolution of forecast in order to implement such methodologies is driving stakeholders to long for new more specialized forecast approaches that will take into account the special drivers of water demand in each case study. Advanced techniques have the ability to overcome the nonlinearity issues commonly met when investigating the complex relationship of water demand and weather, socioeconomic and other variables. In this article we present two approaches, an Artificial Neural Network and an Adaptive Neuro-Fuzzy Inference System, for forecasting a Mediterranean touristic resort daily water demand based on weather variables, tourism and leakage. Both models seem to have an adequate response, though ANFIS can more smoothly catch winter non-touristic water demand profile.
{"title":"Daily multivariate forecasting of water demand in a touristic island with the use of artificial neural network and adaptive neuro-fuzzy inference system","authors":"D. Kofinas, E. Papageorgiou, C. Laspidou, N. Mellios, K. Kokkinos","doi":"10.1109/CySWater.2016.7469061","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/CySWater.2016.7469061","url":null,"abstract":"Water demand forecast has emerged as an imperative component of intelligent Internet and Communication Technologies based methodologies of water management. The need of increased time resolution of forecast in order to implement such methodologies is driving stakeholders to long for new more specialized forecast approaches that will take into account the special drivers of water demand in each case study. Advanced techniques have the ability to overcome the nonlinearity issues commonly met when investigating the complex relationship of water demand and weather, socioeconomic and other variables. In this article we present two approaches, an Artificial Neural Network and an Adaptive Neuro-Fuzzy Inference System, for forecasting a Mediterranean touristic resort daily water demand based on weather variables, tourism and leakage. Both models seem to have an adequate response, though ANFIS can more smoothly catch winter non-touristic water demand profile.","PeriodicalId":122308,"journal":{"name":"2016 International Workshop on Cyber-physical Systems for Smart Water Networks (CySWater)","volume":"36 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-04-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"134603734","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2016-04-11DOI: 10.1109/CySWater.2016.7469056
L. Karagiannidis, Michalis Vrettopoulos, A. Amditis, E. Makri, Nikolaos Gkonos
This work presents the architectural concept for real-time/stored data monitoring and control of a small packaged plant for urban sewer-mining, the corresponding ICT infrastructure and web based operator dashboard. An interoperable communication platform is designed in order to enable acquisition, integration, processing, and distribution of monitoring, alerting, management and control functions from the physical sensors to the Internet, using Sensor Web Enablement standards through a Service Oriented Architecture approach. Thus, fostering the paradigm of Cyber-Physical System (CPS) for sustainable water solutions and resources utilization. A responsive and user-friendly graphical interface has been designed with reporting, configuration and data analysis capabilities. The ICT and web platform has been developed using low cost embedded devices, WLAN infrastructure and open source S/W. It has been integrated and tested at a pilot packaged plant installation consisting of a membrane bioreactor coupled with nano-filtration and reverse osmosis membranes and industrial water quality sensors and probes.
{"title":"A CPS-enabled architecture for sewer mining systems","authors":"L. Karagiannidis, Michalis Vrettopoulos, A. Amditis, E. Makri, Nikolaos Gkonos","doi":"10.1109/CySWater.2016.7469056","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/CySWater.2016.7469056","url":null,"abstract":"This work presents the architectural concept for real-time/stored data monitoring and control of a small packaged plant for urban sewer-mining, the corresponding ICT infrastructure and web based operator dashboard. An interoperable communication platform is designed in order to enable acquisition, integration, processing, and distribution of monitoring, alerting, management and control functions from the physical sensors to the Internet, using Sensor Web Enablement standards through a Service Oriented Architecture approach. Thus, fostering the paradigm of Cyber-Physical System (CPS) for sustainable water solutions and resources utilization. A responsive and user-friendly graphical interface has been designed with reporting, configuration and data analysis capabilities. The ICT and web platform has been developed using low cost embedded devices, WLAN infrastructure and open source S/W. It has been integrated and tested at a pilot packaged plant installation consisting of a membrane bioreactor coupled with nano-filtration and reverse osmosis membranes and industrial water quality sensors and probes.","PeriodicalId":122308,"journal":{"name":"2016 International Workshop on Cyber-physical Systems for Smart Water Networks (CySWater)","volume":"86 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-04-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126024348","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2016-04-11DOI: 10.1109/CySWater.2016.7469057
B. Amrutur, M. Kumar, K. R. S. Kumar, L. Patel, R. Sundaresan, N. Vaidhiyan
This paper proposes a systematic approach to explore the search space of control parameters on an existing water network in a locality within Mysore, India, to see if continuous water supply can be provided to meet a nominal diurnal demand pattern. The control parameters are the initial states of the reservoirs at some reference hour and hourly maximum flow rates across control valves. The system state should return to its initial state after twenty four hours to follow a diurnal rhythm without overflow or underflow of reservoirs. The number of configurational changes should also be small. The paper proposes an optimisation framework that relaxes the constraints via convex penalty functions, performs approximate gradient descent to minimise the net penalty, and thus identifies a suitable configuration. The proposed framework is ideal for integration into a cyber physical system that can actuate the controls based on real-time demand and flow information.
{"title":"WaterOpt: a method for checking near-feasibility of continuous water supply","authors":"B. Amrutur, M. Kumar, K. R. S. Kumar, L. Patel, R. Sundaresan, N. Vaidhiyan","doi":"10.1109/CySWater.2016.7469057","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/CySWater.2016.7469057","url":null,"abstract":"This paper proposes a systematic approach to explore the search space of control parameters on an existing water network in a locality within Mysore, India, to see if continuous water supply can be provided to meet a nominal diurnal demand pattern. The control parameters are the initial states of the reservoirs at some reference hour and hourly maximum flow rates across control valves. The system state should return to its initial state after twenty four hours to follow a diurnal rhythm without overflow or underflow of reservoirs. The number of configurational changes should also be small. The paper proposes an optimisation framework that relaxes the constraints via convex penalty functions, performs approximate gradient descent to minimise the net penalty, and thus identifies a suitable configuration. The proposed framework is ideal for integration into a cyber physical system that can actuate the controls based on real-time demand and flow information.","PeriodicalId":122308,"journal":{"name":"2016 International Workshop on Cyber-physical Systems for Smart Water Networks (CySWater)","volume":"39 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-04-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"117017266","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2016-04-11DOI: 10.1109/CySWater.2016.7469068
A. Panousopoulou, P. Tsakalides
Recent deployments of Smart Water Networks in urban environments are causing a paradigm shift towards sustainable water resources management. Nevertheless, there exists a substantial gap on respective solutions for industrial water treatment. In such deployments the wireless network backbone would have to overcome limiting factors that span across different layers of a protocol stack. Incorporating data analytics for capturing multi-dimensional correlations could be extremely beneficial to the design of reconfigurable network protocols for industrial Smart Water Networks. In this work, we exploit recent findings in the arena of network measurements and we propose a graph-based unsupervised feature selection approach for extracting the dominant network conditions that affect the performance of user-defined links. We employ a real- life industrial Smart Water Network deployed in a desalination plant to evaluate the efficacy of our approach. Finally, we provide useful insights on how different locations in a desalination plant affect the performance of the network backbone.
{"title":"On graph-based feature selection for multi-hop performance characterization in industrial smart water networks","authors":"A. Panousopoulou, P. Tsakalides","doi":"10.1109/CySWater.2016.7469068","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/CySWater.2016.7469068","url":null,"abstract":"Recent deployments of Smart Water Networks in urban environments are causing a paradigm shift towards sustainable water resources management. Nevertheless, there exists a substantial gap on respective solutions for industrial water treatment. In such deployments the wireless network backbone would have to overcome limiting factors that span across different layers of a protocol stack. Incorporating data analytics for capturing multi-dimensional correlations could be extremely beneficial to the design of reconfigurable network protocols for industrial Smart Water Networks. In this work, we exploit recent findings in the arena of network measurements and we propose a graph-based unsupervised feature selection approach for extracting the dominant network conditions that affect the performance of user-defined links. We employ a real- life industrial Smart Water Network deployed in a desalination plant to evaluate the efficacy of our approach. Finally, we provide useful insights on how different locations in a desalination plant affect the performance of the network backbone.","PeriodicalId":122308,"journal":{"name":"2016 International Workshop on Cyber-physical Systems for Smart Water Networks (CySWater)","volume":"13 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-04-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"134449115","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2016-04-11DOI: 10.1109/CySWater.2016.7469058
Nikolaos Rapousis, M. Papadopouli
The water is an important commodity for the existence and development of human society. The placing, maintenance, and distribution of water, drinking or not, is laborious. The current physical sampling-based monitoring with periodic collection has been proven ineffective. The need of real-time monitoring motivated the development of the contamination warning systems (CWSs). Various approaches of CWSs that employ sensor technology have been developed to monitor water quality. By placing the humans in the loop, the assessment of the water quality and the provision of feedback can be enhanced. To evaluate this hypothesis, we developed the QoWater, a novel user-centric crowd-sourcing system that relies on measurements collected from sensors and user feedback to detect changes in the water quality. This system enables smartphone users to evaluate the quality of water based on its chemical properties, taste, odor, and color. It also informs users for potential contamination events, that have been detected close to their location. This paper analyses the performance of the QoWater system, in terms of power consumption, response delay, scalability and shows that the power consumption and response delay are relatively low. Furthermore, it presents a Trickle-based algorithm that extends the QoWater sensor battery lifetime by approximately 4 times.
{"title":"Performance analysis of a user-centric crowd-sensing water quality assessment system","authors":"Nikolaos Rapousis, M. Papadopouli","doi":"10.1109/CySWater.2016.7469058","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/CySWater.2016.7469058","url":null,"abstract":"The water is an important commodity for the existence and development of human society. The placing, maintenance, and distribution of water, drinking or not, is laborious. The current physical sampling-based monitoring with periodic collection has been proven ineffective. The need of real-time monitoring motivated the development of the contamination warning systems (CWSs). Various approaches of CWSs that employ sensor technology have been developed to monitor water quality. By placing the humans in the loop, the assessment of the water quality and the provision of feedback can be enhanced. To evaluate this hypothesis, we developed the QoWater, a novel user-centric crowd-sourcing system that relies on measurements collected from sensors and user feedback to detect changes in the water quality. This system enables smartphone users to evaluate the quality of water based on its chemical properties, taste, odor, and color. It also informs users for potential contamination events, that have been detected close to their location. This paper analyses the performance of the QoWater system, in terms of power consumption, response delay, scalability and shows that the power consumption and response delay are relatively low. Furthermore, it presents a Trickle-based algorithm that extends the QoWater sensor battery lifetime by approximately 4 times.","PeriodicalId":122308,"journal":{"name":"2016 International Workshop on Cyber-physical Systems for Smart Water Networks (CySWater)","volume":"39 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-04-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123212609","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2016-04-11DOI: 10.1109/CySWater.2016.7469060
A. Mathur, Nils Ole Tippenhauer
This paper presents the SWaT testbed, a modern industrial control system (ICS) for security research and training. SWaT is currently in use to (a) understand the impact of cyber and physical attacks on a water treatment system, (b) assess the effectiveness of attack detection algorithms, (c) assess the effectiveness of defense mechanisms when the system is under attack, and (d) understand the cascading effects of failures in one ICS on another dependent ICS. SWaT consists of a 6-stage water treatment process, each stage is autonomously controlled by a local PLC. The local fieldbus communications between sensors, actuators, and PLCs is realized through alternative wired and wireless channels. While the experience with the testbed indicates its value in conducting research in an active and realistic environment, it also points to design limitations that make it difficult for system identification and attack detection in some experiments.
{"title":"SWaT: a water treatment testbed for research and training on ICS security","authors":"A. Mathur, Nils Ole Tippenhauer","doi":"10.1109/CySWater.2016.7469060","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/CySWater.2016.7469060","url":null,"abstract":"This paper presents the SWaT testbed, a modern industrial control system (ICS) for security research and training. SWaT is currently in use to (a) understand the impact of cyber and physical attacks on a water treatment system, (b) assess the effectiveness of attack detection algorithms, (c) assess the effectiveness of defense mechanisms when the system is under attack, and (d) understand the cascading effects of failures in one ICS on another dependent ICS. SWaT consists of a 6-stage water treatment process, each stage is autonomously controlled by a local PLC. The local fieldbus communications between sensors, actuators, and PLCs is realized through alternative wired and wireless channels. While the experience with the testbed indicates its value in conducting research in an active and realistic environment, it also points to design limitations that make it difficult for system identification and attack detection in some experiments.","PeriodicalId":122308,"journal":{"name":"2016 International Workshop on Cyber-physical Systems for Smart Water Networks (CySWater)","volume":"14 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-04-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114744175","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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