T. Kadono, S. Okazaki, Yoshihiro Kabeyama, Toshinori Matsui
In recent years, heavy rainfall disasters have caused frequent damage to bridge piers due to scouring and have resulted in the fall of bridges in many areas in Japan. The objective of this study was to investigate the effect of local scouring around the downstream of the piers on the local scouring around the center of the river flowing at an angle to the piers. It was found that when the center of the river flows at an angle to the piers, the scouring area becomes wider from the upstream to the downstream of the piers because of the longer inhibition width of the piers positioned perpendicular to the water flow. The downstream scouring depth tends to be smaller than the upstream scouring depth. In addition, the time to the onset of tilting deformation of the piers increases with the inhibition width of the piers positioned perpendicular to the flowing water.
{"title":"Effect of Angle between Pier and Center of River Flow on Local Scouring around the Bridge Pier","authors":"T. Kadono, S. Okazaki, Yoshihiro Kabeyama, Toshinori Matsui","doi":"10.3390/w12113192","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/w12113192","url":null,"abstract":"In recent years, heavy rainfall disasters have caused frequent damage to bridge piers due to scouring and have resulted in the fall of bridges in many areas in Japan. The objective of this study was to investigate the effect of local scouring around the downstream of the piers on the local scouring around the center of the river flowing at an angle to the piers. It was found that when the center of the river flows at an angle to the piers, the scouring area becomes wider from the upstream to the downstream of the piers because of the longer inhibition width of the piers positioned perpendicular to the water flow. The downstream scouring depth tends to be smaller than the upstream scouring depth. In addition, the time to the onset of tilting deformation of the piers increases with the inhibition width of the piers positioned perpendicular to the flowing water.","PeriodicalId":127298,"journal":{"name":"Water: Ecology and Management","volume":"32 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-11-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126048211","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
W. K. Phua, S. Rabeek, B. Han, Edwin Njihof, Tyler Tianlu Huang, K. Chai, J. Yeo, S. Lim
There is an urgent need for industrial Internet of things (IoT) solutions to deploy a smart hydrophone sensor grid to monitor pipeline health and to provide an accurate prediction in the event of any leakage. One solution is to develop an IoT water leakage detection system consisting of an interface to capture acoustic signals from aluminum nitride (AlN)-based micro-machined infrasonic hydrophone sensors that are fed as inputs and predict an approximate leak location as a form of output. Micro-electro-mechanical systems (MEMS) are particularly useful for IoT applications with low power consumption and small device footprint. Data analytics including characterization, pre/post processing are applied to determine the leaks. In this work, we have developed the process flow and algorithm to detect pipe leakage occurrence and pinpoint the location accurately. Our approach can be implemented to detect leaks for different pipe lengths, diameters and materials.
{"title":"AIN based MEMS (Micro-Electro-Mechanical System) Hydrophone Sensors for IoT Water Leakage Detection System","authors":"W. K. Phua, S. Rabeek, B. Han, Edwin Njihof, Tyler Tianlu Huang, K. Chai, J. Yeo, S. Lim","doi":"10.3390/w12112966","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/w12112966","url":null,"abstract":"There is an urgent need for industrial Internet of things (IoT) solutions to deploy a smart hydrophone sensor grid to monitor pipeline health and to provide an accurate prediction in the event of any leakage. One solution is to develop an IoT water leakage detection system consisting of an interface to capture acoustic signals from aluminum nitride (AlN)-based micro-machined infrasonic hydrophone sensors that are fed as inputs and predict an approximate leak location as a form of output. Micro-electro-mechanical systems (MEMS) are particularly useful for IoT applications with low power consumption and small device footprint. Data analytics including characterization, pre/post processing are applied to determine the leaks. In this work, we have developed the process flow and algorithm to detect pipe leakage occurrence and pinpoint the location accurately. Our approach can be implemented to detect leaks for different pipe lengths, diameters and materials.","PeriodicalId":127298,"journal":{"name":"Water: Ecology and Management","volume":"14 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-10-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128892096","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-06-10DOI: 10.11648/J.WROS.20190802.12
S. Morling
The anaerobic treatment of organic rich pollutants has a very long history within the water industry. Two major applications have been used: Treating sludge streams from midsized and large wastewater treatment plants and for industrial wastewater streams containing high concentrations of organic carbon. This paper presents the status of anaerobic digestion of sludge streams in municipal wastewater. The paper highlights both the potentials and limitations of the technology. Further the alternative or complementing HTC-technology is presented and analyzed. The constraints, limitations and options for the reuse of processed municipal sludge is accordingly pointed out. Our usage of water is found more and more complex, along with the addition of a number of synthetic agents, such as pharmaceuticals and other complex polluting agents we find that the traditionally acknowledged sludge treatment stabilization methods are not sufficient. The paper points out that the anaerobic digestion may be combined with for instance the HTC-process. In a longer perspective the HTC may even replace the current anaerobic digestion. However, the HTC-technology will raise further interesting questions: The important points that need further investigations are inter alia: 1) To further clarify the quality of reject water from the hydrochar, with respect to rest pollutants. 2) To evaluate to what extent the HTC process may become a feasible way to disintegrate pharmaceutical remains found in municipal sludge. 3) How to further enhance the ways to recover raw materials from the hydrochar, such as phosphorus and carbon. Nethertheless, the process may allow for some very promising pathways within the future municipal sludge management.
{"title":"Aspects on Anaerobic Digestion of Municipal Sludge, Some Aspects on its Sustainability and Possible Enhancements","authors":"S. Morling","doi":"10.11648/J.WROS.20190802.12","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.11648/J.WROS.20190802.12","url":null,"abstract":"The anaerobic treatment of organic rich pollutants has a very long history within the water industry. Two major applications have been used: Treating sludge streams from midsized and large wastewater treatment plants and for industrial wastewater streams containing high concentrations of organic carbon. This paper presents the status of anaerobic digestion of sludge streams in municipal wastewater. The paper highlights both the potentials and limitations of the technology. Further the alternative or complementing HTC-technology is presented and analyzed. The constraints, limitations and options for the reuse of processed municipal sludge is accordingly pointed out. Our usage of water is found more and more complex, along with the addition of a number of synthetic agents, such as pharmaceuticals and other complex polluting agents we find that the traditionally acknowledged sludge treatment stabilization methods are not sufficient. The paper points out that the anaerobic digestion may be combined with for instance the HTC-process. In a longer perspective the HTC may even replace the current anaerobic digestion. However, the HTC-technology will raise further interesting questions: The important points that need further investigations are inter alia: 1) To further clarify the quality of reject water from the hydrochar, with respect to rest pollutants. 2) To evaluate to what extent the HTC process may become a feasible way to disintegrate pharmaceutical remains found in municipal sludge. 3) How to further enhance the ways to recover raw materials from the hydrochar, such as phosphorus and carbon. Nethertheless, the process may allow for some very promising pathways within the future municipal sludge management.","PeriodicalId":127298,"journal":{"name":"Water: Ecology and Management","volume":"163 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-06-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128788260","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Accurately forecasting streamflow values is essential to achieve an efficient, integrated water resources management strategy and to provide consistent support to water decision-makers. We present a simple, low-cost, and robust approach for forecasting monthly and yearly streamflows during the current hydrological year, which is applicable to headwater catchments. The procedure innovatively combines the use of well-known regression analysis techniques, the two-parameter Gamma continuous cumulative probability distribution function and the Monte Carlo method. Several model performance statistics metrics (including the Coefficient of Determination R2; the Root-Mean-Square Error RMSE; the Mean Absolute Error MAE; the Index of Agreement IOA; the Mean Absolute Percent Error MAPE; the Coefficient of Nash-Sutcliffe Efficiency NSE; and the Inclusion Coefficient IC) were used and the results showed good levels of accuracy (improving as the number of observed months increases). The model forecast outputs are the mean monthly and yearly streamflows along with the 10th and 90th percentiles. The methodology has been successfully applied to two headwater reservoirs within the Guadalquivir River Basin in southern Spain, achieving an accuracy of 92% and 80% in March 2017. These risk-based predictions are of great value, especially before the intensive irrigation campaign starts in the middle of the hydrological year, when Water Authorities have to ensure that the right decision is made on how to best allocate the available water volume between the different water users and environmental needs.
{"title":"Simple and Low-Cost Procedure for Monthly and Yearly Streamflow Forecasts during the Current Hydrological Year","authors":"F. Delgado-Ramos, Carmen Hervás-Gámez","doi":"10.3390/w10081038","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/w10081038","url":null,"abstract":"Accurately forecasting streamflow values is essential to achieve an efficient, integrated water resources management strategy and to provide consistent support to water decision-makers. We present a simple, low-cost, and robust approach for forecasting monthly and yearly streamflows during the current hydrological year, which is applicable to headwater catchments. The procedure innovatively combines the use of well-known regression analysis techniques, the two-parameter Gamma continuous cumulative probability distribution function and the Monte Carlo method. Several model performance statistics metrics (including the Coefficient of Determination R2; the Root-Mean-Square Error RMSE; the Mean Absolute Error MAE; the Index of Agreement IOA; the Mean Absolute Percent Error MAPE; the Coefficient of Nash-Sutcliffe Efficiency NSE; and the Inclusion Coefficient IC) were used and the results showed good levels of accuracy (improving as the number of observed months increases). The model forecast outputs are the mean monthly and yearly streamflows along with the 10th and 90th percentiles. The methodology has been successfully applied to two headwater reservoirs within the Guadalquivir River Basin in southern Spain, achieving an accuracy of 92% and 80% in March 2017. These risk-based predictions are of great value, especially before the intensive irrigation campaign starts in the middle of the hydrological year, when Water Authorities have to ensure that the right decision is made on how to best allocate the available water volume between the different water users and environmental needs.","PeriodicalId":127298,"journal":{"name":"Water: Ecology and Management","volume":"90 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-08-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133940562","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
This article is a study of water scarcity in Cyprus, examining the implications on the demand and supply side of water under the transformations caused by economic development, urbanisation and environmental changes. Measures and actions taken by water stakeholders to tackle the water poverty issue are discussed and assessed, together with possible future solution methods. In the light of the success of global climate models to forecast future conditions and advances in integrated management tools, the suggestion here is the need for a global systems approach to help guide policy decisions.
{"title":"Water Scarcity in Cyprus: A Review and Call for Integrated Policy","authors":"Anastasia Sofroniou, S. Bishop","doi":"10.3390/W6102898","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/W6102898","url":null,"abstract":"This article is a study of water scarcity in Cyprus, examining the implications on the demand and supply side of water under the transformations caused by economic development, urbanisation and environmental changes. Measures and actions taken by water stakeholders to tackle the water poverty issue are discussed and assessed, together with possible future solution methods. In the light of the success of global climate models to forecast future conditions and advances in integrated management tools, the suggestion here is the need for a global systems approach to help guide policy decisions.","PeriodicalId":127298,"journal":{"name":"Water: Ecology and Management","volume":"11 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-09-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130971774","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
J. Filho, M. M. Portela, Tmc Studart, Farias Filho
From the drought indices, the Standardized Precipitation Index, SPI, is the most used one. However, it is difficult to use to monitor the ongoing drought characteristics because it cannot be expeditiously related to precipitation deficits. It also does not provide information regarding the drought risk nor the temporal evolution of the droughts. By using the SPI, a copula-based Continuous Drought Risk Monitoring System, CDRMS, was developed aiming to monitor the droughts, including the risk of having a drought event as the rainy season advances. In climates with very pronounced rainy seasons, the absence of precipitation along the same is the fundamental booster of droughts. After presenting the CDRMS, the paper describes its application to Mainland Portugal, which showed that the system has an increased capability of anticipating the drought risk by the end of the rainy season as new precipitation records are known. The good performance of the system results from the ability of the copula to model complex dependence structures as those existing between precipitations in different time intervals. CDRMS is an innovative and user-friendly tool to monitor the precipitation and, consequently, the drought risk, allowing to anticipate mitigation and adaptation measures or even to issue alarms.
{"title":"A Continuous Drought Risk Monitoring System, CDRMS, Based on Copulas","authors":"J. Filho, M. M. Portela, Tmc Studart, Farias Filho","doi":"10.37247/wem.1.2020.7","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.37247/wem.1.2020.7","url":null,"abstract":"From the drought indices, the Standardized Precipitation Index, SPI, is the most used one. However, it is difficult to use to monitor the ongoing drought characteristics because it cannot be expeditiously related to precipitation deficits. It also does not provide information regarding the drought risk nor the temporal evolution of the droughts. By using the SPI, a copula-based Continuous Drought Risk Monitoring System, CDRMS, was developed aiming to monitor the droughts, including the risk of having a drought event as the rainy season advances. In climates with very pronounced rainy seasons, the absence of precipitation along the same is the fundamental booster of droughts. After presenting the CDRMS, the paper describes its application to Mainland Portugal, which showed that the system has an increased capability of anticipating the drought risk by the end of the rainy season as new precipitation records are known. The good performance of the system results from the ability of the copula to model complex dependence structures as those existing between precipitations in different time intervals. CDRMS is an innovative and user-friendly tool to monitor the precipitation and, consequently, the drought risk, allowing to anticipate mitigation and adaptation measures or even to issue alarms.","PeriodicalId":127298,"journal":{"name":"Water: Ecology and Management","volume":"19 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121387099","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Martina Mattia, P. Tuccimei, M. Soligo, C. Carusi, M. Portaro
{"title":"Tracing NAPL Contamination of Groundwater Using Natural Radon A Case-Study in Roma (Central Italy)","authors":"Martina Mattia, P. Tuccimei, M. Soligo, C. Carusi, M. Portaro","doi":"10.37247/wem.1.2021.23","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.37247/wem.1.2021.23","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":127298,"journal":{"name":"Water: Ecology and Management","volume":"20 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126527427","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"The Application of a Modified Version of the SWAT Model at the Daily Temporal Scale and the Hydrological Response unit Spatial Scale A Case Study Covering an Irrigation District in the Hei River Basin","authors":"Zheng Wei, Baozhong Zhang, Yu Liu, Di Xu","doi":"10.37247/wem.1.2019.2","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.37247/wem.1.2019.2","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":127298,"journal":{"name":"Water: Ecology and Management","volume":"71 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133556671","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
京公网安备 11010802042870号
京ICP备2023020795号-1
扫码关注我们
求助内容：
应助结果提醒方式：