Pub Date : 2019-12-28DOI: 10.25079/ukhjss.v3n2y2019.pp1-18
Abenezer Wakuma Kitila
This study investigated the determinants of homeownership among the residents of the condominium housing sites of Ambo town, West Shewa Zone, Oromia Regional State, Ethiopia. It employed a descriptive research design, mainly using cross-sectional and correlational studies. A total sample of 230 respondents were selected through a random sampling method. The logistic regression model output showed that homeownership was determined by respondents’ gender, age, monthly income, saving practice, loan and credit services, marital status, and household size, while education level, occupation type, and land produced insignificant results. The chi-squared test and independent samples t test results also revealed significant associations and differences among and between different variables. The absence of land, lack of capital, bureaucratic system of land provision, limited loan and credit services, and high interest rates were also mentioned as determinant factors of homeownership. Moreover, mean values were computed to determine the adequacy and accessibility of basic amenities between the two sites. Therefore, the study recommends that the government should reformulate a profound housing policy that would improve the efficiency of the housing provision system and reduce the cost of homeownership.
{"title":"Determinants of homeownership in the condominium housing sites of Ambo, Ethiopia","authors":"Abenezer Wakuma Kitila","doi":"10.25079/ukhjss.v3n2y2019.pp1-18","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.25079/ukhjss.v3n2y2019.pp1-18","url":null,"abstract":"This study investigated the determinants of homeownership among the residents of the condominium housing sites of Ambo town, West Shewa Zone, Oromia Regional State, Ethiopia. It employed a descriptive research design, mainly using cross-sectional and correlational studies. A total sample of 230 respondents were selected through a random sampling method. The logistic regression model output showed that homeownership was determined by respondents’ gender, age, monthly income, saving practice, loan and credit services, marital status, and household size, while education level, occupation type, and land produced insignificant results. The chi-squared test and independent samples t test results also revealed significant associations and differences among and between different variables. The absence of land, lack of capital, bureaucratic system of land provision, limited loan and credit services, and high interest rates were also mentioned as determinant factors of homeownership. Moreover, mean values were computed to determine the adequacy and accessibility of basic amenities between the two sites. Therefore, the study recommends that the government should reformulate a profound housing policy that would improve the efficiency of the housing provision system and reduce the cost of homeownership.","PeriodicalId":127367,"journal":{"name":"ISSUE FIVE","volume":"55 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-12-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116185087","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-12-28DOI: 10.25079/ukhjss.v3n2y2019.pp19-31
A. Esmailpour, Ali Sara, M. Rahimpour
The main purpose of this study is to investigate the effects of the specific characteristics of the company and the macroeconomic variables on the capital structure of the companies accepted in the Tehran Stock Exchange between 2007 and 2014 using the panel data approach. To measure specific characteristics of a company, the profitability ratio, payable dividends ratio and the stock price performance ratio were applied; also, variables such as GDP growth rate, exchange rate, inflation rate, interest rate and the ratio of the amount of bank credits as macroeconomic variables have been employed. The results of this research showed that in the whole industry, the variables of profitability ratio, the payable dividends ratio and the ration of the amount of bank credits have a negative and significant effect, and GDP growth rate has a positive and significant effect on capital structure. Similarly, the results show that the effects of specific corporate variables differ from macroeconomic variables on capital structure according to the type of industry.
{"title":"Examining the Concurrent Effects of Specific Corporate Traits and Macroeconomic Variables on Capital Structure","authors":"A. Esmailpour, Ali Sara, M. Rahimpour","doi":"10.25079/ukhjss.v3n2y2019.pp19-31","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.25079/ukhjss.v3n2y2019.pp19-31","url":null,"abstract":"The main purpose of this study is to investigate the effects of the specific characteristics of the company and the macroeconomic variables on the capital structure of the companies accepted in the Tehran Stock Exchange between 2007 and 2014 using the panel data approach. To measure specific characteristics of a company, the profitability ratio, payable dividends ratio and the stock price performance ratio were applied; also, variables such as GDP growth rate, exchange rate, inflation rate, interest rate and the ratio of the amount of bank credits as macroeconomic variables have been employed. The results of this research showed that in the whole industry, the variables of profitability ratio, the payable dividends ratio and the ration of the amount of bank credits have a negative and significant effect, and GDP growth rate has a positive and significant effect on capital structure. Similarly, the results show that the effects of specific corporate variables differ from macroeconomic variables on capital structure according to the type of industry.","PeriodicalId":127367,"journal":{"name":"ISSUE FIVE","volume":"54 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-12-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115697349","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-12-28DOI: 10.25079/ukhjss.v3n2y2019.pp32-44
H. Salihu, Monsurat Isiaka, I. Abdulaziz
This study investigated how beliefs in magical powers and related sacred activities, particularly those that accept human body parts for ritual sacrifices in return for fortunes, alongside poverty, unemployment, and quest for wealth as predictors responsible for the increase in money ritual–related killings in Ilorin Emirate of Kwara State, Nigeria. A total of 1736 respondents were selected using simple random sampling techniques. The instrument employed for data collection was a questionnaire. In addition, the information gathered was analyzed using the Statistical Package for Social Sciences. The results indicated that the increase in money ritual–related killings in Ilorin Emirate is a result of the general belief that ritual sacrifices enhance fortunes, the boundless desire for material wealth among Nigerians, unemployment, and poverty in Nigeria. Therefore, this paper suggests that there should be public enlightenment in all languages spoken in Nigeria about the dangers in associating individual success with spiritual influences.
{"title":"The Growing Phenomenon of Money Rituals-Motivated Killings in Nigeria: An Empirical Investigation into the Factors Responsible","authors":"H. Salihu, Monsurat Isiaka, I. Abdulaziz","doi":"10.25079/ukhjss.v3n2y2019.pp32-44","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.25079/ukhjss.v3n2y2019.pp32-44","url":null,"abstract":"This study investigated how beliefs in magical powers and related sacred activities, particularly those that accept human body parts for ritual sacrifices in return for fortunes, alongside poverty, unemployment, and quest for wealth as predictors responsible for the increase in money ritual–related killings in Ilorin Emirate of Kwara State, Nigeria. A total of 1736 respondents were selected using simple random sampling techniques. The instrument employed for data collection was a questionnaire. In addition, the information gathered was analyzed using the Statistical Package for Social Sciences. The results indicated that the increase in money ritual–related killings in Ilorin Emirate is a result of the general belief that ritual sacrifices enhance fortunes, the boundless desire for material wealth among Nigerians, unemployment, and poverty in Nigeria. Therefore, this paper suggests that there should be public enlightenment in all languages spoken in Nigeria about the dangers in associating individual success with spiritual influences.","PeriodicalId":127367,"journal":{"name":"ISSUE FIVE","volume":"226 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-12-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115744309","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-12-28DOI: 10.25079/ukhjss.v3n2y2019.pp56-67
J. Silber
To summarize the extent of infant survival in a country, three indices have been defined. The first one is the complement to 1000 of the infant mortality rate (expressed in per thousand births). The second one takes into account the inequality in infant survival rates between population subgroups. The third indicator adjusts the average infant survival rate by giving more weight to a population subgroup with a lower socio-economic status. The computation of the last two indicators requires the use of an inequality index and a concentration ratio.We used two measures of inequality, the Gini index and the Bonferroni index, as well as two concentration ratios, derived from the Gini index and related to the Bonferroni index. A short empirical illustration, based on seven East African countries, confirms the usefulness of the approach presented in this paper.
{"title":"On Standard of Living and Infant Survival in Some East African Countries","authors":"J. Silber","doi":"10.25079/ukhjss.v3n2y2019.pp56-67","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.25079/ukhjss.v3n2y2019.pp56-67","url":null,"abstract":"To summarize the extent of infant survival in a country, three indices have been defined. The first one is the complement to 1000 of the infant mortality rate (expressed in per thousand births). The second one takes into account the inequality in infant survival rates between population subgroups. The third indicator adjusts the average infant survival rate by giving more weight to a population subgroup with a lower socio-economic status. The computation of the last two indicators requires the use of an inequality index and a concentration ratio.We used two measures of inequality, the Gini index and the Bonferroni index, as well as two concentration ratios, derived from the Gini index and related to the Bonferroni index. A short empirical illustration, based on seven East African countries, confirms the usefulness of the approach presented in this paper.","PeriodicalId":127367,"journal":{"name":"ISSUE FIVE","volume":"104 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-12-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124740051","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-12-28DOI: 10.25079/ukhjss.v3n2y2019.pp45-55
Sabah Sulaiman Haji, Fakhir O. Mohammed
This study explores the use of presuppositions in the Kurdish short story, Zilkê Şixatê (The Matchstick), which is written in Northern Kurmanji dialect (hence, NK) by Isma’il Hajani. It attempts to determine which type of presupposition is the most recurring one in the short story and why it is so. The data in this study are analyzed descriptively and qualitatively. Yule’s (2006) classification which divides presupposition into six types has been employed: existential, factive, non-factive, lexical, structural, and counterfactual. The data of the research are sentences which contain presupposition triggers (i.e. linguistic forms to mark presuppositions). Applying the formula presented by Oktoma and Mardiyono (2013: 79), the results obtained throughout this paper show that different types of presuppositions have different percentages from the total number of presuppositions. They are (94) in number. It is noted that the most dominant type of presupposition used in the short story is the existential presupposition, manifesting definite descriptions of facts about real life, while the structural presuppositions have the lowest percentage. This shows that much of the story text is written to definitely describe the main theme, the characters and the events as they are. Finally, this study is particularly important because no other such studies have been conducted on the use of presuppositions in any literary work in NK. Therefore, this study occupies a crucial place in the research literature into pragmatic aspects of NK.
本研究探讨了Isma 'il Hajani用北库尔曼吉方言(因此，NK)写的库尔德短篇小说Zilkê Şixatê(火柴棍)中假设的使用。它试图确定哪种类型的预设在短篇小说中最常出现，以及为什么会这样。本研究的数据进行了描述性和定性分析。Yule(2006)将预设分为六种类型:存在预设、事实预设、非事实预设、词汇预设、结构预设和反事实预设。本研究的数据是包含预设触发器(即标记预设的语言形式)的句子。运用Oktoma和Mardiyono(2013: 79)提出的公式，本文得到的结果表明，不同类型的预设占预设总数的百分比是不同的。他们的人数是94人。值得注意的是，在短篇小说中使用的最主要的预设类型是存在预设，表现出对现实生活事实的明确描述，而结构预设的比例最低。这表明，大部分故事文本都是明确描述主题、人物和事件的。最后，这项研究特别重要，因为在朝鲜的任何文学作品中都没有对预设的使用进行过其他类似的研究。因此，本研究在NK语用方面的研究文献中占有至关重要的地位。
{"title":"The Use of Presuppositions in the Short Story of Zilkê Şixatê (Matchstick)","authors":"Sabah Sulaiman Haji, Fakhir O. Mohammed","doi":"10.25079/ukhjss.v3n2y2019.pp45-55","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.25079/ukhjss.v3n2y2019.pp45-55","url":null,"abstract":"This study explores the use of presuppositions in the Kurdish short story, Zilkê Şixatê (The Matchstick), which is written in Northern Kurmanji dialect (hence, NK) by Isma’il Hajani. It attempts to determine which type of presupposition is the most recurring one in the short story and why it is so. The data in this study are analyzed descriptively and qualitatively. Yule’s (2006) classification which divides presupposition into six types has been employed: existential, factive, non-factive, lexical, structural, and counterfactual. The data of the research are sentences which contain presupposition triggers (i.e. linguistic forms to mark presuppositions). Applying the formula presented by Oktoma and Mardiyono (2013: 79), the results obtained throughout this paper show that different types of presuppositions have different percentages from the total number of presuppositions. They are (94) in number. It is noted that the most dominant type of presupposition used in the short story is the existential presupposition, manifesting definite descriptions of facts about real life, while the structural presuppositions have the lowest percentage. This shows that much of the story text is written to definitely describe the main theme, the characters and the events as they are. Finally, this study is particularly important because no other such studies have been conducted on the use of presuppositions in any literary work in NK. Therefore, this study occupies a crucial place in the research literature into pragmatic aspects of NK.","PeriodicalId":127367,"journal":{"name":"ISSUE FIVE","volume":"5 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-12-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127820230","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-12-28DOI: 10.25079/ukhjss.v3n2y2019.pp68-76
S. Abdulla, Hazhar K. Ali
The Iraqi economy faces more challenges than opportunities, especially in recent years due to the civil war, while basic reforms for merging the private and public sector have commenced. This paper examines the causal relationship between exports, imports, and Iraq’s economic growth. The data are annual time series for the period 1980-2017. Thereafter, the data are stationary in different levels. Johansen cointegration is applied to figure out the long-run association among the variables. Moreover, Granger causality test has been used to direct the causality among variables. This paper finds that in the long run, exports and imports on gross domestic product are co-integrated and variables have a long-run association. The Granger causality result shows that exports affect economic growth, while imports also have a positive impact on Iraq’s economic growth. On the contrary, the relationship between exports and imports show that any increase in the volume of exports will increase the volume of imports. However, the converse is not true as the volume of imports does not influence exports in Iraq.
{"title":"An Analysis of Exports and Imports and Their Effect on the Economic Growth in Iraq","authors":"S. Abdulla, Hazhar K. Ali","doi":"10.25079/ukhjss.v3n2y2019.pp68-76","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.25079/ukhjss.v3n2y2019.pp68-76","url":null,"abstract":"The Iraqi economy faces more challenges than opportunities, especially in recent years due to the civil war, while basic reforms for merging the private and public sector have commenced. This paper examines the causal relationship between exports, imports, and Iraq’s economic growth. The data are annual time series for the period 1980-2017. Thereafter, the data are stationary in different levels. Johansen cointegration is applied to figure out the long-run association among the variables. Moreover, Granger causality test has been used to direct the causality among variables. This paper finds that in the long run, exports and imports on gross domestic product are co-integrated and variables have a long-run association. The Granger causality result shows that exports affect economic growth, while imports also have a positive impact on Iraq’s economic growth. On the contrary, the relationship between exports and imports show that any increase in the volume of exports will increase the volume of imports. However, the converse is not true as the volume of imports does not influence exports in Iraq.","PeriodicalId":127367,"journal":{"name":"ISSUE FIVE","volume":"50 7 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-12-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116672193","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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