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An Analysis of Green Taxation in Turkey for Sustainable Growth 土耳其可持续增长的绿色税收分析
Pub Date : 1900-01-01 DOI: 10.4018/978-1-5225-7808-6.CH011
E. Eroğlu
Ecological problems such as global warming, climate change, and loss of biodiversity are at the top of governments' agendas as negative externalities like fewer water sources, food and energy shortage, drought, desertification, and migration have recently been deeply felt by societies. Environmentally related taxes are one of the most important instruments of fiscal policy used to internalize “negative externalities” to prevent environmental pollution and to ensure sustainable growth. This type of tax represents the ideal principle that “the polluter pays.” Most of the European and OECD countries today have revised their tax systems to stop environmental destruction and have begun to implement environmental taxation. The purpose of this chapter is to carry out an analysis of green taxation in Turkey for sustainable growth. In this regard, this study aims to analyze green taxation practices and regulations within the scope of a sustainable economy in Turkey and offer solutions by considering the practices in various countries with effective green taxation policies.
随着水资源减少、粮食和能源短缺、干旱、荒漠化和移民等负面外部性最近被社会深深感受到,全球变暖、气候变化和生物多样性丧失等生态问题已成为各国政府的首要议程。与环境有关的税收是财政政策中最重要的工具之一,用于内部化“负面外部性”,以防止环境污染和确保可持续增长。这种税代表了“污染者付费”的理想原则。今天,大多数欧洲和经合发组织国家都修订了其税收制度,以制止环境破坏,并开始实施环境税。本章的目的是对土耳其可持续增长的绿色税收进行分析。在这方面,本研究旨在分析土耳其可持续经济范围内的绿色税收实践和法规,并通过考虑具有有效绿色税收政策的各国的实践,提供解决方案。
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引用次数: 0
The Use of Carbon Finance for Struggling With Climate Change 利用碳融资应对气候变化
Pub Date : 1900-01-01 DOI: 10.4018/978-1-5225-7808-6.CH013
F. Konuk
The developments in science and technology have brought a lot of problems with them. The most important of these is climate change, which appears at the global level. The effect of climate change, which comes first as an environmental problem, cannot be ignored. Management, which has had serious income and economic losses because of weather conditions, has taken several precautions in order to reduce climate change risks. One of these is weather derivations. Weather derivations are a safety type that makes the determined payments if there are defined weather events. However, the most commonly used are weather option agreements, weather swap agreements, and weather future agreements. In the chapter, climate change and the weather derivations that are a means that managements use to avoid climate change risks will be explained.
科学技术的发展也带来了许多问题。其中最重要的是气候变化,它出现在全球层面。气候变化的影响作为一个环境问题首当其冲,不容忽视。由于天气状况造成了严重的收入和经济损失,管理部门采取了一些预防措施,以减少气候变化的风险。其中之一是天气衍生。天气衍生是一种安全类型,如果存在已定义的天气事件,则进行确定的付款。然而,最常用的是天气期权协议、天气互换协议和天气未来协议。在本章中,将解释气候变化和天气衍生,这是管理层用来避免气候变化风险的一种手段。
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引用次数: 1
Internet Financial Regulation and Law Analysis of China 中国互联网金融监管与法律分析
Pub Date : 1900-01-01 DOI: 10.4018/978-1-5225-7808-6.CH007
Chi Chien Zhu, Jiye Hu
In recent years, internet finance has developed rapidly in China; however, the inherent characteristics of the internet have magnified the high-risk nature of the financial industry. Consequently, this leads to the complication of risk types, the acceleration of risk propagation, and the increase of interconnection of risk system, and these issues pose a serious challenge to regulation. Including the improvement of internet finance laws and regulations, the establishment of a multi-level internet financial supervision system, and the increase of the internet financial security system, the most effective risk prevention measures can be supplemented by administrative means carried out to resolve the stock risk through the nationwide internet financial rectification. At present, the traditional financial business mode is mainly under the control of the current financial law. This kind of law is rarely related to internet finance. Even if it is involved slightly, it is due to the early formulation time and needs to be revised.
近年来,互联网金融在中国发展迅速;然而,互联网的固有特性放大了金融业的高风险。这导致了风险类型的复杂化、风险传播的加速和风险系统的互联性的增加,这些问题对监管提出了严峻的挑战。包括完善互联网金融法律法规、建立多层次互联网金融监管体系、加强互联网金融安全保障体系等,通过全国范围内的互联网金融整顿,通过行政手段解决存量风险,是最有效的风险防范措施。目前,传统的金融业务模式主要受现行金融法的制约。这种法律很少与互联网金融相关。即使稍有涉及,也是由于制定时间较早,需要修改。
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引用次数: 4
Nonlinear Effect of Financial Efficiency and Financial Competition on Heterogeneous Firm R&D 金融效率和金融竞争对异质性企业研发的非线性影响
Pub Date : 1900-01-01 DOI: 10.4018/978-1-5225-7808-6.CH012
M. Du, Yu Wang, Yang Gao, B. Chen, S. Tsai
Green finance focuses on the coherence and sustainability of finance. This chapter studies the influence of financial scale, financial efficiency, and financial competition on enterprise R&D investment, which includes the different side effects of financial quantity and quality, and to some extent reflects the coherence and sustainability of financial development. The authors use manufacturing company data, regional financial quantity, and quality indicators from 2005 to 2007. The results reveal that (1) less developed area enterprises, or low- and medium-technology enterprises, a large amount of financial quantity expansion cannot support the R&D activities of high innovation efficiency, and (2) financial efficiency and financial competition have a nonlinear effect on firm R&D. Low financial efficiency leads to a lack of efficient firm R&D financial development. The results of the chapter reveal a crucial approach to improve the effect of financial inefficiency on firm R&D by changing from merely expanding financial quantity to improving quality instead.
绿色金融注重金融的一致性和可持续性。本章研究了金融规模、金融效率和金融竞争对企业研发投资的影响,包括金融数量和金融质量的不同副作用,在一定程度上反映了金融发展的一致性和可持续性。本文采用2005 - 2007年的制造业企业数据、区域金融数量和质量指标。研究结果表明:(1)欠发达地区企业或中小技术企业大量的金融数量扩张无法支持高创新效率的研发活动;(2)金融效率和金融竞争对企业研发存在非线性影响。财务效率低导致企业研发财务发展缺乏效率。本章的研究结果揭示了从单纯扩大金融数量到提高金融质量的转变是改善金融效率低下对企业研发影响的关键途径。
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引用次数: 0
Analysis of Sustainable Development Path for Green Finance 绿色金融可持续发展路径分析
Pub Date : 1900-01-01 DOI: 10.4018/978-1-5225-7808-6.CH003
H. Feng, Lee Bi Ru
The development of green finance is a global trend in the current era. At present, developing the green finance has been included as an important national development project by the Chinese government. With the rapid economic growth, the priorities or trade-offs between the economic development and the natural environment have also aroused different contradictions and problems. With the improvement of people's quality of life, they start to pay more attention to the pollution of the surrounding environment. Therefore, the government should properly intervene and propose effective measures, and green finance is an excellent tool to reconcile social economy and environmental protection and transform the physical investment, thus guiding the social resources towards the environmental protection industry and reaching an optimal interests allocation among the market, society, and government. Consequently, in the face of such a situation, it is necessary to propose a series of models and paths that suit the needs of the Chinese society and promote sustainable development.
绿色金融的发展是当今时代的全球趋势。目前,发展绿色金融已被中国政府列为国家重要发展项目。随着经济的快速增长,经济发展与自然环境之间的优先或权衡也引发了不同的矛盾和问题。随着人们生活质量的提高,人们开始关注周围环境的污染问题。因此,政府应适当干预并提出有效措施,而绿色金融是协调社会经济与环境保护,转化实物投资,引导社会资源向环保产业倾斜,实现市场、社会和政府之间利益最优配置的绝佳工具。因此,面对这种情况,有必要提出一系列适合中国社会需要的模式和路径,促进可持续发展。
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引用次数: 0
Social Capital Accounting 社会资本核算
Pub Date : 1900-01-01 DOI: 10.4018/978-1-5225-7808-6.CH005
John P. Wilson, S. Choudhary
Sustainability accounting has become a mainstream practice for a large majority of S&P500 companies, and this reflects global society's increasing interest and concern around sustainability issues. In particular, the United Nations published its “Transforming Our World: The 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development,” and 193 countries signed up to achieving the 17 Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) and 169 associated targets. The UN also called upon companies to help this process across their supply chains and developed a natural capital protocol for assessing and valuing environmental areas and a social capital protocol (SCP) for assessing and valuing human and societal capital such as skills, knowledge, wellbeing, shared values, and institutions. This chapter systematically investigates each of the 12 steps of the social capital protocol and identifies a range of benefits and substantial challenges which companies will face if they wish to account for their social impact across the supply chain.
可持续性会计已成为绝大多数标准普尔500指数公司的主流实践,这反映了全球社会对可持续性问题日益增长的兴趣和关注。特别是,联合国发布了《改造我们的世界:2030年可持续发展议程》,193个国家签署了实现17个可持续发展目标和169个相关具体目标的协议。联合国还呼吁企业在其整个供应链中推动这一进程,并制定了用于评估和评估环境领域的自然资本议定书和用于评估和评估技能、知识、福祉、共同价值观和制度等人力和社会资本的社会资本议定书(SCP)。本章系统地研究了社会资本协议的12个步骤中的每一个步骤,并确定了公司如果希望在整个供应链中考虑其社会影响将面临的一系列利益和重大挑战。
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引用次数: 0
Analysis of Internet Financial Planning Based on the Development in China and America 基于中美发展的互联网理财分析
Pub Date : 1900-01-01 DOI: 10.4018/978-1-5225-7808-6.CH006
Chi Chien Zhu, Wen Yang
Based on an analysis of China residents' financial needs and the main risks of internet financial planning, taking internet financial planning as a breakthrough point, the chapter compares the current situation and development experience of internet finance between developed countries and China from Chinese investors' perspective to analyze the tendency of internet finance development in China. This chapter finds the scale of China residents' financial planning remains to be enlarged. It finds that the gradual improvement of the supervision, the survival of the fittest of financial platform, the development of robot-adviser, and other financial innovations show the optimistic outlook of internet financial planning in China. This study shows theoretical value and practical significance to analyze the future of internet financial planning model and financial product selection in China.
本章在分析中国居民的金融需求和互联网理财规划的主要风险的基础上,以互联网理财规划为切入点,从中国投资者的角度比较发达国家和中国互联网金融的现状和发展经验,分析中国互联网金融的发展趋势。本章发现中国居民的理财规划规模还有待扩大。研究发现,监管的逐步完善、金融平台的优胜劣汰、机器人顾问的发展等金融创新显示出中国互联网理财的乐观前景。本研究对于分析中国互联网理财规划模式和理财产品选择的未来具有理论价值和现实意义。
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引用次数: 2
An Empirical Study of Green Finance Research Through Bibliometrics 基于文献计量学的绿色金融实证研究
Pub Date : 1900-01-01 DOI: 10.4018/978-1-5225-7808-6.CH004
F. Hu, Haibo Wei
Green finance issues have triggered the increasing research enthusiasm of researchers. With the rapid growing of publications related to green finance, it is difficult for readers to deeply understand the intellectual structure, research hotspots, and trends. In addition, the dynamic nature of a research front poses challenges for the scientists, research policymakers, and many others to keep up with the rapid advances of the state of the art in science. Therefore, the authors conducted a bibliometric analysis from the Web of Science over the period of 1998–2017. Co-word analysis and co-citation analysis are employed to explore institution distribution, journal co-citation analysis, author co-citation analysis, document co-citation analysis, and keyword co-word analysis, particularly in high frequency items, intellectual turning points, burst points, and emerging trends. The results can be useful for institutions and researchers worldwide to understand the panorama of green finance research, find the potential research gaps, and focus on the future research trends.
绿色金融问题引发了研究者日益高涨的研究热情。随着绿色金融相关出版物的快速增长,读者很难深入了解其知识结构、研究热点和发展趋势。此外,研究前沿的动态特性给科学家、研究政策制定者和许多其他人带来了挑战,他们要跟上科学技术的快速发展。因此,作者对1998-2017年期间的Web of Science进行了文献计量分析。利用共词分析和共被引分析,探索机构分布、期刊共被引分析、作者共被引分析、文献共被引分析和关键词共词分析,特别是高频项目、智力转折点、爆发点和新兴趋势。研究结果有助于全球机构和研究人员了解绿色金融研究的全景,发现潜在的研究空白,并关注未来的研究趋势。
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引用次数: 0
A General Introduction and Overview of Supply Chain Finance 供应链金融概论与概述
Pub Date : 1900-01-01 DOI: 10.4018/978-1-5225-7808-6.CH001
Haoran Yue, Jingwen Xu, Jingmai Wang, Dilang Wu, Baozhuang Niu
Supply chain finance (SCF) is a new finance service mode surrounding the core enterprises in the supply chain. Different from the traditional finance service, SCF focuses on the trading process rather than the bank credit. Depending on the large trading data and process gathered by core enterprises, SCF is able to effectively integrate the flows of information, logistics, and funds, which transforms the numerous risks of many single enterprises into the controllable risks of the entire supply chain. Therefore, SCF is capable of providing comprehensive finance service regardless of companies' size with the minimum risk level, especially for the small and medium-sized enterprises which have difficulties in receiving finance service from traditional finance institutions. The emergence of SCF has established an accessible channel to help small and medium-sized enterprises obtain effective finance service. In this chapter, the authors introduce the definition, features, structures, and other basic information of SCF. The authors then examine the different types of SCF.
供应链金融是一种围绕供应链核心企业的新型金融服务模式。与传统的金融服务不同,SCF侧重于交易过程,而不是银行信贷。供应链金融依托核心企业收集的大量交易数据和流程,能够有效整合信息流、物流流、资金流,将众多单个企业的众多风险转化为整个供应链的可控风险。因此,SCF能够以最小的风险水平为企业提供无论规模大小的综合金融服务,特别是对于难以从传统金融机构获得金融服务的中小企业。SCF的出现为中小企业获得有效的金融服务开辟了一条便捷的渠道。在本章中,作者介绍了SCF的定义、特征、结构和其他基本信息。然后,作者研究了不同类型的SCF。
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引用次数: 3
Is Supply Chain Finance the Solution to the Financing Conundrum? 供应链金融是融资难题的解决方案吗?
Pub Date : 1900-01-01 DOI: 10.4018/978-1-5225-7808-6.CH002
Baozhuang Niu, Zihao Mu, Y. Zeng
Small and medium-sized enterprises are the major driving forces to boost China's economic growth. However, the transformation and upgrading of small and medium-sized enterprises are always subject to the scale of operation and other factors, which result in severe impediment to obtain loans or other finance service from traditional commercial banks. As the State Council reports, small and medium-sized enterprises' finance troubles were highlighted at the State Council's executive meeting and suggested China should enrich the fundraising channels for small and medium-sized enterprises. Based on the unique finance service features, supply chain finance has the potential of satisfying the large finance demand to become an effective fundraising and other finance service channel for small and medium-sized enterprises. Thus, it is vital to explore the operation process of supply chain finance in a deeper level.
中小企业是拉动中国经济增长的主要力量。然而,中小企业的转型升级往往受到经营规模等因素的制约,这使得中小企业很难从传统商业银行获得贷款或其他金融服务。正如国务院报道的那样,国务院常务会议强调了中小企业的融资困难,并建议中国应该丰富中小企业的融资渠道。基于其独特的金融服务特征,供应链金融具有满足大量融资需求的潜力,成为中小企业有效的融资等金融服务渠道。因此,对供应链金融的运作过程进行更深层次的探索是至关重要的。
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引用次数: 2
期刊
Green Finance for Sustainable Global Growth
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