Pub Date : 1900-01-01DOI: 10.1079/9781786392251.0124
F. Cian, P. Monti
Abstract In this chapter the cytological diagnosis of cutaneous mesenchymal lesions and other neoplasms in small animals was discussed focusing on rhabdomyoma and rhabdomyosarcoma.
本章主要讨论小动物皮肤间充质病变及其他肿瘤的细胞学诊断，重点讨论横纹肌瘤和横纹肌肉瘤。
{"title":"Mesenchymal tumours and other neoplasms.","authors":"F. Cian, P. Monti","doi":"10.1079/9781786392251.0124","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1079/9781786392251.0124","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract\u0000 In this chapter the cytological diagnosis of cutaneous mesenchymal lesions and other neoplasms in small animals was discussed focusing on rhabdomyoma and rhabdomyosarcoma.","PeriodicalId":129534,"journal":{"name":"Differential diagnosis in small animal cytology: the skin and subcutis","volume":"56 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132271399","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1900-01-01DOI: 10.1079/9781786392251.0022
F. Cian, P. Monti
Abstract In tumour cytology, cells are evaluated for the presence of morphological alterations compared with the normal cells from which they originate. When present, these changes are referred to as criteria of malignancy. In malignant tumours, with the exception of well-differentiated forms and some specific neoplasms, most neoplastic cells show multiple morphological features of atypia. However, some of these changes can also be induced by severe inflammation. For this reason, caution should be exercised in diagnosing neoplasia in the presence of numerous inflammatory cells. In all those cases where a definitive diagnosis is not possible, histopathological examination should be recommended. In this chapter, the main cytological criteria used to identify malignancy were described. This chapter added nuclear criteria since they are considered more significant because they are less likely to be induced by non-neoplastic processes such as inflammation.
{"title":"Cytological criteria of malignancy.","authors":"F. Cian, P. Monti","doi":"10.1079/9781786392251.0022","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1079/9781786392251.0022","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract\u0000 In tumour cytology, cells are evaluated for the presence of morphological alterations compared with the normal cells from which they originate. When present, these changes are referred to as criteria of malignancy. In malignant tumours, with the exception of well-differentiated forms and some specific neoplasms, most neoplastic cells show multiple morphological features of atypia. However, some of these changes can also be induced by severe inflammation. For this reason, caution should be exercised in diagnosing neoplasia in the presence of numerous inflammatory cells. In all those cases where a definitive diagnosis is not possible, histopathological examination should be recommended. In this chapter, the main cytological criteria used to identify malignancy were described. This chapter added nuclear criteria since they are considered more significant because they are less likely to be induced by non-neoplastic processes such as inflammation.","PeriodicalId":129534,"journal":{"name":"Differential diagnosis in small animal cytology: the skin and subcutis","volume":"12 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127764315","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1900-01-01DOI: 10.1079/9781786392251.0027
F. Cian, P. Monti
Abstract In this chapter the main components of the skin and subcutis of animals such as dogs as well as their main cell types when observed on cytology were discussed.
本章讨论了狗等动物皮肤和皮下的主要成分，以及细胞学观察到的主要细胞类型。
{"title":"Skin and subcutis anatomy.","authors":"F. Cian, P. Monti","doi":"10.1079/9781786392251.0027","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1079/9781786392251.0027","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract\u0000 In this chapter the main components of the skin and subcutis of animals such as dogs as well as their main cell types when observed on cytology were discussed.","PeriodicalId":129534,"journal":{"name":"Differential diagnosis in small animal cytology: the skin and subcutis","volume":"32 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121142610","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1900-01-01DOI: 10.1079/9781786392251.0031
F. Cian, P. Monti
Abstract Inflammation is classified on cytology based on the predominant cell type involved. It is subdivided into the following categories: neutrophilic, macrophagic, eosinophilic, lymphocytic and mixed (in the absence of a prevalent cell type). The recognition of the inflammatory pattern helps the pathologist to restrict the list of differential diagnoses and sometimes also to identify a potential aetiology. Inflammation can be sterile or associated with an infectious disease. However, the absence of microorganisms on cytology does not rule out an infectious cause, and further testing with a higher sensitivity (e.g. bacterial culture, polymerase chain reaction (PCR)) may be required. Inflammation may be the sole pathologic process causing the formation of the cutaneous lesion or it may be associated with hyperplastic, dysplastic and neoplastic processes. In this chapter diagnosis of skin diseases based on the following criteria namely neutrophilic inflammation; macrophagic inflammation; eosinophilic inflammation; lymphocytic inflammation; inflammation caused by infectious agents; panniculitis; xanthoma; injection site and foreign body reaction; and pemphigus foliaceus (PF) were discussed.
{"title":"Inflammatory lesions.","authors":"F. Cian, P. Monti","doi":"10.1079/9781786392251.0031","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1079/9781786392251.0031","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract\u0000 Inflammation is classified on cytology based on the predominant cell type involved. It is subdivided into the following categories: neutrophilic, macrophagic, eosinophilic, lymphocytic and mixed (in the absence of a prevalent cell type). The recognition of the inflammatory pattern helps the pathologist to restrict the list of differential diagnoses and sometimes also to identify a potential aetiology. Inflammation can be sterile or associated with an infectious disease. However, the absence of microorganisms on cytology does not rule out an infectious cause, and further testing with a higher sensitivity (e.g. bacterial culture, polymerase chain reaction (PCR)) may be required. Inflammation may be the sole pathologic process causing the formation of the cutaneous lesion or it may be associated with hyperplastic, dysplastic and neoplastic processes. In this chapter diagnosis of skin diseases based on the following criteria namely neutrophilic inflammation; macrophagic inflammation; eosinophilic inflammation; lymphocytic inflammation; inflammation caused by infectious agents; panniculitis; xanthoma; injection site and foreign body reaction; and pemphigus foliaceus (PF) were discussed.","PeriodicalId":129534,"journal":{"name":"Differential diagnosis in small animal cytology: the skin and subcutis","volume":"4 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121219237","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1900-01-01DOI: 10.1079/9781786392251.0011
F. Cian, P. Monti
Abstract In this chapter the advantages and limitations of the different sampling and staining techniques of cytological materials were discussed, among the techniques discussed are the use of fine-needle sampling with aspiration, fine-needle sampling without aspiration, imprinting, and swab collection. Smear preparation techniques such as squash preparation, blood smear technique, line smear, centrifugation, and slide staining were also discussed.
{"title":"Collection, preparation and staining of cytology specimens.","authors":"F. Cian, P. Monti","doi":"10.1079/9781786392251.0011","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1079/9781786392251.0011","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract\u0000 In this chapter the advantages and limitations of the different sampling and staining techniques of cytological materials were discussed, among the techniques discussed are the use of fine-needle sampling with aspiration, fine-needle sampling without aspiration, imprinting, and swab collection. Smear preparation techniques such as squash preparation, blood smear technique, line smear, centrifugation, and slide staining were also discussed.","PeriodicalId":129534,"journal":{"name":"Differential diagnosis in small animal cytology: the skin and subcutis","volume":"39 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133413197","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1900-01-01DOI: 10.1079/9781786392251.0003
F. Cian, P. Monti, I. Baldwin
Abstract In this chapter practical pointers as to the type of microscope to purchase, what to look for, the questions to ask the supplier, and some tips on everyday use and care of the microscope were discussed. Everything in this guide refers to the upright or compound microscope. There are other types of microscopes, such as dissecting or operating microscopes, and most of the information discussed here is applicable to these as well. However, there are specific technical differences that will not be covered. This chapter will be focused on the basic brightfield technique used for examining stained specimens on glass slides. Other highlights of the chapter focused on parts of a microscope, setting up a microscope, and taking pictures of microscope images.
{"title":"Guide to the choice and correct use of the microscope.","authors":"F. Cian, P. Monti, I. Baldwin","doi":"10.1079/9781786392251.0003","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1079/9781786392251.0003","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract\u0000 In this chapter practical pointers as to the type of microscope to purchase, what to look for, the questions to ask the supplier, and some tips on everyday use and care of the microscope were discussed. Everything in this guide refers to the upright or compound microscope. There are other types of microscopes, such as dissecting or operating microscopes, and most of the information discussed here is applicable to these as well. However, there are specific technical differences that will not be covered. This chapter will be focused on the basic brightfield technique used for examining stained specimens on glass slides. Other highlights of the chapter focused on parts of a microscope, setting up a microscope, and taking pictures of microscope images.","PeriodicalId":129534,"journal":{"name":"Differential diagnosis in small animal cytology: the skin and subcutis","volume":"70 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128372801","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1900-01-01DOI: 10.1079/9781786392251.0168
F. Cian, P. Monti
Abstract The clinical aspects and morphology of round cell tumours which includes: mast cell tumour (MCT), cutaneous histiocytoma, plasma cell tumour, transmissible venereal tumour (TVT), and cutaneous lymphoma in small animals are discussed.
{"title":"Round cell tumours.","authors":"F. Cian, P. Monti","doi":"10.1079/9781786392251.0168","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1079/9781786392251.0168","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract\u0000 The clinical aspects and morphology of round cell tumours which includes: mast cell tumour (MCT), cutaneous histiocytoma, plasma cell tumour, transmissible venereal tumour (TVT), and cutaneous lymphoma in small animals are discussed.","PeriodicalId":129534,"journal":{"name":"Differential diagnosis in small animal cytology: the skin and subcutis","volume":"101 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133954315","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1900-01-01DOI: 10.1079/9781786392251.0055
F. Cian, P. Monti
Abstract In this chapter lesions that may arise in the skin or subcutis and that are not strictly inflammatory or neoplastic in nature are given attention. These include follicular or adnexal cysts, developmental anomalies (sweat gland) apocrine cyst, response to tissue trauma, altered deposition of minerals, necrosis and tumour-like proliferations, fibroadnexal hamartoma, haematoma and haemorrhage, calcinosis, granulation tissue, and nodular fasciitis. Most of these processes can be identified on cytology, however, sometimes definitive diagnosis relies on histopathological examination.
{"title":"Cysts, tumour-like lesions and response to tissue injury.","authors":"F. Cian, P. Monti","doi":"10.1079/9781786392251.0055","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1079/9781786392251.0055","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract In this chapter lesions that may arise in the skin or subcutis and that are not strictly inflammatory or neoplastic in nature are given attention. These include follicular or adnexal cysts, developmental anomalies (sweat gland) apocrine cyst, response to tissue trauma, altered deposition of minerals, necrosis and tumour-like proliferations, fibroadnexal hamartoma, haematoma and haemorrhage, calcinosis, granulation tissue, and nodular fasciitis. Most of these processes can be identified on cytology, however, sometimes definitive diagnosis relies on histopathological examination.","PeriodicalId":129534,"journal":{"name":"Differential diagnosis in small animal cytology: the skin and subcutis","volume":"49 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121538277","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1900-01-01DOI: 10.1079/9781786392251.0016
F. Cian, P. Monti
Abstract This chapter highlights guidelines to cytology smear examination presenting a step-by-step approach in slide examination and description. Also included are ways of interpreting cytological findings, and pointers to reduce the chances of missing important details. A poor and superficial examination technique may lead to a wrong diagnosis and incorrect clinical decisions. Therefore, this chapter emphasized that cytological evaluation should be performed with a systematic approach, conducted in the same way each time a slide is examined. Also given importance is that the overall accuracy of cytology testing greatly depends on the quality of the specimen, including the cellularity of the sample, the preservation of the cells and the quality of the staining. When the aspirates are acellular or mostly contain disrupted cells without a clear and distinct cytoplasm (e.g. bare/naked nuclei), a cytological interpretation may not be possible and re-sampling should be recommended. Similarly, if the sample is adequately cellular and the cells are intact but the staining quality is poor, a cytological diagnosis might be precluded.
{"title":"Guidelines to cytology smear examination.","authors":"F. Cian, P. Monti","doi":"10.1079/9781786392251.0016","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1079/9781786392251.0016","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract\u0000 This chapter highlights guidelines to cytology smear examination presenting a step-by-step approach in slide examination and description. Also included are ways of interpreting cytological findings, and pointers to reduce the chances of missing important details. A poor and superficial examination technique may lead to a wrong diagnosis and incorrect clinical decisions. Therefore, this chapter emphasized that cytological evaluation should be performed with a systematic approach, conducted in the same way each time a slide is examined. Also given importance is that the overall accuracy of cytology testing greatly depends on the quality of the specimen, including the cellularity of the sample, the preservation of the cells and the quality of the staining. When the aspirates are acellular or mostly contain disrupted cells without a clear and distinct cytoplasm (e.g. bare/naked nuclei), a cytological interpretation may not be possible and re-sampling should be recommended. Similarly, if the sample is adequately cellular and the cells are intact but the staining quality is poor, a cytological diagnosis might be precluded.","PeriodicalId":129534,"journal":{"name":"Differential diagnosis in small animal cytology: the skin and subcutis","volume":"91 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115080901","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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