M. Duncan, V. Anderson, T. Faller, C. Haugse, H. Hughes, D. Landblom, Richard D. Taylor
Income from livestock marketing has declined as a proportion of total gross farm income in the past two decades. • Income from cattle and calves accounts for about 65-75 percent of total livestock income in the state. • Income from milk has ranged from 14-20 percent of total livestock income in the state. • Income from swine, a promising growth enterprise for the state, has generated only 5-8 percent of total livestock income. • Livestock income is very important to counties in western North Dakota, relatively unimportant in the eastern counties. • Enterprise budgets for beef and swine indicate positive returns to operator and unpaid labor, management, and equity capital for 1992. • Less than 30 percent of North Dakota's feed grain output is used within the state to support livestock production. • Large quantities of unused roughage and crop residue, currently unused, could support additional livestock production. • Livestock production can be a complementary enterprise with crop production adding to farmer income levels and stability of income. • Constraints to increased livestock production in the state can be resolved largely through a program of focused research and education.
{"title":"More Income for North Dakota Farmers: The Potential Role of Livestock Enterprises","authors":"M. Duncan, V. Anderson, T. Faller, C. Haugse, H. Hughes, D. Landblom, Richard D. Taylor","doi":"10.22004/AG.ECON.51189","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22004/AG.ECON.51189","url":null,"abstract":"Income from livestock marketing has declined as a proportion of total gross farm income in the past two decades. • Income from cattle and calves accounts for about 65-75 percent of total livestock income in the state. • Income from milk has ranged from 14-20 percent of total livestock income in the state. • Income from swine, a promising growth enterprise for the state, has generated only 5-8 percent of total livestock income. • Livestock income is very important to counties in western North Dakota, relatively unimportant in the eastern counties. • Enterprise budgets for beef and swine indicate positive returns to operator and unpaid labor, management, and equity capital for 1992. • Less than 30 percent of North Dakota's feed grain output is used within the state to support livestock production. • Large quantities of unused roughage and crop residue, currently unused, could support additional livestock production. • Livestock production can be a complementary enterprise with crop production adding to farmer income levels and stability of income. • Constraints to increased livestock production in the state can be resolved largely through a program of focused research and education.","PeriodicalId":129992,"journal":{"name":"Agricultural Economics Miscellaneous Reports","volume":"104 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1992-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116673500","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"A Profile of Public Officials, Government Structure, and Environmental Issues in the Lower Sheyenne River Basin, North Dakota","authors":"J. Leitch, W. Nelson, David M. Saxowsky","doi":"10.22004/AG.ECON.120853","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22004/AG.ECON.120853","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":129992,"journal":{"name":"Agricultural Economics Miscellaneous Reports","volume":"29 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1977-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121829422","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
DON is a toxic byproduct of fusarium head blight (FHB), a fungal disease of small grains. Beginning in 1993, a prolonged outbreak of FHB occurred in the Upper Midwest, the traditional source of most six-rowed malting barley produced in the United States. Price discounts associated with DON in barley have been significant. This paper has two objectives. The first is to estimate the impact of DON on the value of malting barley grown in the Upper Midwest. Using crop quality data, we use a linear programming model to derive optimal blends of barley supplies, given discount schedules and the distribution of quality factors. The premise is that blending activities, on a regional scale, allow a larger fraction of the crop to be sold as malting. The second objective is to assess the risks associated with DON in the context of a firm-level blending model. We frame a nonlinear optimization problem in which an elevator seeks to maximize the expected sales value of the barley in its bins. Price discounts for several quality factors are incorporated in the analysis, along with probability distributions for DON. Treating DON as a random quality factor adds some interesting complexity to the standard grain blending problem. Attachments: aem187a.xls aem187b.xls aem187c.xls aem187d.xls
{"title":"Impacts of DON in the malting barley supply chain: aggregate costs and firm-level risks.","authors":"D. Johnson, W. Nganje","doi":"10.22004/AG.ECON.23103","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22004/AG.ECON.23103","url":null,"abstract":"DON is a toxic byproduct of fusarium head blight (FHB), a fungal disease of small grains. Beginning in 1993, a prolonged outbreak of FHB occurred in the Upper Midwest, the traditional source of most six-rowed malting barley produced in the United States. Price discounts associated with DON in barley have been significant. This paper has two objectives. The first is to estimate the impact of DON on the value of malting barley grown in the Upper Midwest. Using crop quality data, we use a linear programming model to derive optimal blends of barley supplies, given discount schedules and the distribution of quality factors. The premise is that blending activities, on a regional scale, allow a larger fraction of the crop to be sold as malting. The second objective is to assess the risks associated with DON in the context of a firm-level blending model. We frame a nonlinear optimization problem in which an elevator seeks to maximize the expected sales value of the barley in its bins. Price discounts for several quality factors are incorporated in the analysis, along with probability distributions for DON. Treating DON as a random quality factor adds some interesting complexity to the standard grain blending problem. Attachments: aem187a.xls aem187b.xls aem187c.xls aem187d.xls","PeriodicalId":129992,"journal":{"name":"Agricultural Economics Miscellaneous Reports","volume":"47 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133096064","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The Carrington-to-Turtle Lake rail line serves five agricultural shippers in a four county area in central North Dakota. Service on the line has been affected by recent embargoes, floods, and poor, deteriorating track conditions. The line is a strong candidate for abandonment as efforts to rehabilitate the line have lacked financial support. Prior to this study, a benefit/cost study, which compares benefits and costs of a rail line reconstruction, was performed for the rail line in an attempt to secure financial assistance for rehabilitation. Railroad abandonment impacts rural communities and local economies in a variety of ways. Businesses that use rail for transportation usually experience a change in their shipping options. Instead of sending and/or receiving materials and supplies by rail, those items must be moved by truck. The severity of the change is often a function of the amount of material shipped and distance hauled. Rail abandonment affects property values. In the absence of tax rate changes, reduced property values translate directly into lower property tax revenues for local governments. Rural areas, especially in North Dakota, often do not have adequate road and highway infrastructure to absorb movements of grain and agricultural inputs exclusively by truck. The transference of rail movements to truck traffic accelerates the deterioration of local roads and highways. Abandonment of the Carrington-to-Turtle Lake rail line was estimated to increase transportation costs for shippers on the line by $329,000 annually. A majority of the increase in transportation costs would be incurred by farmers in the form of reduced commodity prices. The North Dakota Input-Output Model estimated that the $329,000 in direct impacts would generate an additional $682,000 in secondary impacts. Total economic losses for the regional economy were estimated to be $1 million annually. Additional impacts included an annual loss of $17,900 in state-collected tax revenue. Annual net costs (i.e., damages less additional user revenues) to repair and maintain state roads impacted from increased truck traffic were estimated at $297,000 for resurfacing and $868,000 for reconstruction.
{"title":"Economic Impact of Railroad Abandonment: Carrington-to-Turtle Lake Rail Line","authors":"D. A. Bangsund, J. Honeyman, F. Leistritz","doi":"10.22004/AG.ECON.23100","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22004/AG.ECON.23100","url":null,"abstract":"The Carrington-to-Turtle Lake rail line serves five agricultural shippers in a four county area in central North Dakota. Service on the line has been affected by recent embargoes, floods, and poor, deteriorating track conditions. The line is a strong candidate for abandonment as efforts to rehabilitate the line have lacked financial support. Prior to this study, a benefit/cost study, which compares benefits and costs of a rail line reconstruction, was performed for the rail line in an attempt to secure financial assistance for rehabilitation. Railroad abandonment impacts rural communities and local economies in a variety of ways. Businesses that use rail for transportation usually experience a change in their shipping options. Instead of sending and/or receiving materials and supplies by rail, those items must be moved by truck. The severity of the change is often a function of the amount of material shipped and distance hauled. Rail abandonment affects property values. In the absence of tax rate changes, reduced property values translate directly into lower property tax revenues for local governments. Rural areas, especially in North Dakota, often do not have adequate road and highway infrastructure to absorb movements of grain and agricultural inputs exclusively by truck. The transference of rail movements to truck traffic accelerates the deterioration of local roads and highways. Abandonment of the Carrington-to-Turtle Lake rail line was estimated to increase transportation costs for shippers on the line by $329,000 annually. A majority of the increase in transportation costs would be incurred by farmers in the form of reduced commodity prices. The North Dakota Input-Output Model estimated that the $329,000 in direct impacts would generate an additional $682,000 in secondary impacts. Total economic losses for the regional economy were estimated to be $1 million annually. Additional impacts included an annual loss of $17,900 in state-collected tax revenue. Annual net costs (i.e., damages less additional user revenues) to repair and maintain state roads impacted from increased truck traffic were estimated at $297,000 for resurfacing and $868,000 for reconstruction.","PeriodicalId":129992,"journal":{"name":"Agricultural Economics Miscellaneous Reports","volume":"27 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131962979","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Leafy spurge is an invasive noxious weed, which by definition means it is inordinately difficult to control. The objective of this report is to present the results of focus group meetings and personal interviews with ranchers, local decision makers, and public land managers to discover strategies to improve leafy spurge management. Participants in the interviews and focus group meetings managed property in Fallon, Carter, and Wibaux Counties of Montana; Golden Valley, Bowman, Billings, and Slope Counties of North Dakota; Harding County of South Dakota; and Crook County of Wyoming. Ranchers and local decision makers believe that leafy spurge control must become more proactive rather than reactive; current strategies are largely reactive. Interviews with ranchers and local decision makers revealed that a considerable gap in understanding how to control leafy spurge exists between researchers and those attempting to combat the weed. Interviewers often mentioned that they have been unable to eradicate leafy spurge, which indicates that the current mind set of ranchers and land managers needs to change to one focusing more on controlling and managing leafy spurge rather than eradication. Specific recommendations would include 1) reducing the current levels of herbicide application rates - which are often two to three times higher than rates recommended by weed scientists, 2) must appreciate that herbicides are but one tool in the battle against leafy spurge, 3) must understand that in many cases eradication of leafy spurge will not be possible - the goal should be trying to control it, and 4) rangeland rental rates need to reflect current levels of weed infestations. Records of weed infestations (e.g., acreage, location, rate of spread, attempts at control) on public lands are woefully inadequate. Cooperation between ranchers, county weed boards, and public land agencies could be improved to enhance the effectiveness of existing control programs. Weed control regardless of land ownership is important for ranchers, absentee landowners, and public agencies to effectively control leafy spurge. In general, ranchers and land managers need to generate a broader base of support for control of leafy spurge, since the weed attacks the entire ecosystem and is not just an agricultural problem.
{"title":"Impediments to controlling leafy spurge in the Northern Great Plains","authors":"R. Sell, D. A. Bangsund, F. Leistritz","doi":"10.22004/AG.ECON.23109","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22004/AG.ECON.23109","url":null,"abstract":"Leafy spurge is an invasive noxious weed, which by definition means it is inordinately difficult to control. The objective of this report is to present the results of focus group meetings and personal interviews with ranchers, local decision makers, and public land managers to discover strategies to improve leafy spurge management. Participants in the interviews and focus group meetings managed property in Fallon, Carter, and Wibaux Counties of Montana; Golden Valley, Bowman, Billings, and Slope Counties of North Dakota; Harding County of South Dakota; and Crook County of Wyoming. Ranchers and local decision makers believe that leafy spurge control must become more proactive rather than reactive; current strategies are largely reactive. Interviews with ranchers and local decision makers revealed that a considerable gap in understanding how to control leafy spurge exists between researchers and those attempting to combat the weed. Interviewers often mentioned that they have been unable to eradicate leafy spurge, which indicates that the current mind set of ranchers and land managers needs to change to one focusing more on controlling and managing leafy spurge rather than eradication. Specific recommendations would include 1) reducing the current levels of herbicide application rates - which are often two to three times higher than rates recommended by weed scientists, 2) must appreciate that herbicides are but one tool in the battle against leafy spurge, 3) must understand that in many cases eradication of leafy spurge will not be possible - the goal should be trying to control it, and 4) rangeland rental rates need to reflect current levels of weed infestations. Records of weed infestations (e.g., acreage, location, rate of spread, attempts at control) on public lands are woefully inadequate. Cooperation between ranchers, county weed boards, and public land agencies could be improved to enhance the effectiveness of existing control programs. Weed control regardless of land ownership is important for ranchers, absentee landowners, and public agencies to effectively control leafy spurge. In general, ranchers and land managers need to generate a broader base of support for control of leafy spurge, since the weed attacks the entire ecosystem and is not just an agricultural problem.","PeriodicalId":129992,"journal":{"name":"Agricultural Economics Miscellaneous Reports","volume":"27 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133908964","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
京公网安备 11010802042870号
京ICP备2023020795号-1
扫码关注我们
求助内容：
应助结果提醒方式：