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Enlightenment in a Smart City最新文献

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Trades and Professions 行业与专业
Pub Date : 2019-01-01 DOI: 10.3366/edinburgh/9781474416597.003.0003
M. Pittock
Edinburgh’s tightly controlled burgess network, which was regulated by the Town Council, strongly defined the middle orders. It also controlled the limits of what was politically tolerable for those looking to make their way in society via the trade and craft incorporations of the city: Chirurgons and Barbouris (who separated in 1722), Goldsmythis, Skinners and Furriers, Hammermen, Wrights and Masons, Tailors, Baxters, Fleschouris, Curdwainers, Wabstaris, Waekaris [hatters], Bonnet-Makers, and Dyers and Candlemakers. Control of the system was strongly identified with the exercise of political control on a wider stage, as burgess privileges and licensing were an established route to patronage.
爱丁堡严密控制的伯吉斯网络,由镇议会监管,有力地界定了中产阶级。它还控制了那些希望通过城市的贸易和工艺公司在社会上取得成功的人在政治上可以容忍的限度:Chirurgons和Barbouris(于1722年分离),Goldsmythis, Skinners和Furriers, Hammermen, Wrights和Masons,裁缝,Baxters, Fleschouris, Curdwainers, Wabstaris, Waekaris[帽匠],帽子匠,染匠和蜡烛匠。对系统的控制与在更广泛的舞台上行使政治控制有着强烈的联系,因为burgess特权和许可是获得赞助的既定途径。
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Enlightenment in a Smart City
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