Pub Date : 2019-04-04DOI: 10.1093/OSO/9780190915285.003.0002
Robert R. Bianchi
China’s New Silk Road is far different from earlier routes that were similarly named. It promises to link all of Eurasia and Africa in a single hemispheric market with additional connections to the Arctic Sea and Latin America. It builds upon a historic network of Islamic civilization underpinning modern nations that aspire to become regional powers in their own right. China’s deepening involvement in these countries’ conflicts is also reverberating throughout Chinese society. Inside China, blowback from the New Silk Road is aggravating tensions between religious and ethnic groups and widening splits between rival regions.
{"title":"What Is New about the New Silk Road?","authors":"Robert R. Bianchi","doi":"10.1093/OSO/9780190915285.003.0002","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/OSO/9780190915285.003.0002","url":null,"abstract":"China’s New Silk Road is far different from earlier routes that were similarly named. It promises to link all of Eurasia and Africa in a single hemispheric market with additional connections to the Arctic Sea and Latin America. It builds upon a historic network of Islamic civilization underpinning modern nations that aspire to become regional powers in their own right. China’s deepening involvement in these countries’ conflicts is also reverberating throughout Chinese society. Inside China, blowback from the New Silk Road is aggravating tensions between religious and ethnic groups and widening splits between rival regions.","PeriodicalId":131269,"journal":{"name":"China and the Islamic World","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-04-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115095380","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-04-04DOI: 10.1093/OSO/9780190915285.003.0003
Robert R. Bianchi
The rise of the New Silk Road is generating fierce debates over the emergence of new megaregions and their role in reshaping world politics. Chinese writers are avid consumers of and contributors to these discussions both at home and internationally. China’s growing interest in megaregional integration accompanied a sharp turn in foreign policy—from a defensive posture that feared provoking war with the United States toward a bold campaign to assert global leadership, economically and diplomatically. Gradually, Chinese leaders are beginning to realize that all of the emerging megaregions are developing lives of their own that cannot be directed by a hierarchical network centered in Beijing. This realization is forcing China’s policymakers to reconsider their traditional assumption that sovereignty belongs only to formal governments and the elites that control them rather than to the all of the citizens who comprise the national communities.
{"title":"Megaregions and Coevolution in World Politics","authors":"Robert R. Bianchi","doi":"10.1093/OSO/9780190915285.003.0003","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/OSO/9780190915285.003.0003","url":null,"abstract":"The rise of the New Silk Road is generating fierce debates over the emergence of new megaregions and their role in reshaping world politics. Chinese writers are avid consumers of and contributors to these discussions both at home and internationally. China’s growing interest in megaregional integration accompanied a sharp turn in foreign policy—from a defensive posture that feared provoking war with the United States toward a bold campaign to assert global leadership, economically and diplomatically. Gradually, Chinese leaders are beginning to realize that all of the emerging megaregions are developing lives of their own that cannot be directed by a hierarchical network centered in Beijing. This realization is forcing China’s policymakers to reconsider their traditional assumption that sovereignty belongs only to formal governments and the elites that control them rather than to the all of the citizens who comprise the national communities.","PeriodicalId":131269,"journal":{"name":"China and the Islamic World","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-04-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131031959","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-04-04DOI: 10.1093/OSO/9780190915285.003.0011
Robert R. Bianchi
As the New Silk Road exposes China to disruptive influences from many directions, China’s leaders will have to confront the unfinished business of integrating their own society. Divisions inside China are severe and deepening rapidly. They intersect and aggravate one another, producing more and more groups with grievances that cannot be adequately addressed by a single-party state that chokes public debate and outlaws collective action. China has many options for experimenting with inclusive formulas that allow power-sharing without embracing free elections and multiparty pluralism. Since Mao’s death, debates over political reform have started and stalled several times. As those debates resume, China will increasingly see itself as a changed society requiring a more representative government that matches its more prominent position in world affairs. Hong Kong’s semi-democracy is an instructive example of the manipulative strategies that authoritarian rulers might try to emulate on the mainland.
{"title":"Learning Abroad, Evading at Home","authors":"Robert R. Bianchi","doi":"10.1093/OSO/9780190915285.003.0011","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/OSO/9780190915285.003.0011","url":null,"abstract":"As the New Silk Road exposes China to disruptive influences from many directions, China’s leaders will have to confront the unfinished business of integrating their own society. Divisions inside China are severe and deepening rapidly. They intersect and aggravate one another, producing more and more groups with grievances that cannot be adequately addressed by a single-party state that chokes public debate and outlaws collective action. China has many options for experimenting with inclusive formulas that allow power-sharing without embracing free elections and multiparty pluralism. Since Mao’s death, debates over political reform have started and stalled several times. As those debates resume, China will increasingly see itself as a changed society requiring a more representative government that matches its more prominent position in world affairs. Hong Kong’s semi-democracy is an instructive example of the manipulative strategies that authoritarian rulers might try to emulate on the mainland.","PeriodicalId":131269,"journal":{"name":"China and the Islamic World","volume":"73 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-04-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126257543","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-02-21DOI: 10.1093/OSO/9780190915285.003.0010
Robert R. Bianchi
Islam’s impact on China is growing because its external and internal influences are more intertwined than ever. Islamic civilization permeates the New Silk Road, shaping all of China’s efforts to integrate megaregions throughout Afro-Eurasia. At the same time, the development of Islam inside China changes the way Chinese people define themselves as a nation and as members of the human family. The deeper China enmeshes itself in the Islamic world, the more Chinese must ask themselves what it means to be Chinese. When Chineseness is understood more inclusively and universally, China gains greater effectiveness in relating to Muslims everywhere, regardless of nationality. For generations, Chinese scholars from many disciplines have drawn upon Sino-Islamic interchanges to reinterpret Chinese identity in more pluralist and cosmopolitan ways. Especially notable are the contributions of Gu Jie Gang in history and ethnography, Fei Xiao Tong in social science, and Tang Jun Yi in neo-Confucian philosophy.
{"title":"Islam and the Opening of the Chinese Mind","authors":"Robert R. Bianchi","doi":"10.1093/OSO/9780190915285.003.0010","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/OSO/9780190915285.003.0010","url":null,"abstract":"Islam’s impact on China is growing because its external and internal influences are more intertwined than ever. Islamic civilization permeates the New Silk Road, shaping all of China’s efforts to integrate megaregions throughout Afro-Eurasia. At the same time, the development of Islam inside China changes the way Chinese people define themselves as a nation and as members of the human family. The deeper China enmeshes itself in the Islamic world, the more Chinese must ask themselves what it means to be Chinese. When Chineseness is understood more inclusively and universally, China gains greater effectiveness in relating to Muslims everywhere, regardless of nationality. For generations, Chinese scholars from many disciplines have drawn upon Sino-Islamic interchanges to reinterpret Chinese identity in more pluralist and cosmopolitan ways. Especially notable are the contributions of Gu Jie Gang in history and ethnography, Fei Xiao Tong in social science, and Tang Jun Yi in neo-Confucian philosophy.","PeriodicalId":131269,"journal":{"name":"China and the Islamic World","volume":"51 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-02-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127077715","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-02-21DOI: 10.1093/OSO/9780190915285.003.0012
Robert R. Bianchi
The New Silk Road is filled with contradictions that diminish its idealistic allure because they undercut the core values its proponents claim to represent, particularly universalism, justice, and knowledge. If leaders around the world—and not merely in China—hope to rescue that allure, they will have to join in fashioning more humane political relations with the same energy they devote to pursuing breakthroughs in technology, commerce, and warfare. Proponents of globalization must confront feelings of exclusion among communities that the New Silk Road bypasses. They need to reduce the inherent inequalities that pervade exchanges between Western and non-Western civilizations. In addition, they have to counter the nationalistic and parochial tendencies that dominate the study of international politics. China and the United States can share a leading role in reforming global governance, but this will require both superpowers to cooperate more closely with a growing number of rising Muslim nations.
{"title":"The Bitter and the Sweet","authors":"Robert R. Bianchi","doi":"10.1093/OSO/9780190915285.003.0012","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/OSO/9780190915285.003.0012","url":null,"abstract":"The New Silk Road is filled with contradictions that diminish its idealistic allure because they undercut the core values its proponents claim to represent, particularly universalism, justice, and knowledge. If leaders around the world—and not merely in China—hope to rescue that allure, they will have to join in fashioning more humane political relations with the same energy they devote to pursuing breakthroughs in technology, commerce, and warfare. Proponents of globalization must confront feelings of exclusion among communities that the New Silk Road bypasses. They need to reduce the inherent inequalities that pervade exchanges between Western and non-Western civilizations. In addition, they have to counter the nationalistic and parochial tendencies that dominate the study of international politics. China and the United States can share a leading role in reforming global governance, but this will require both superpowers to cooperate more closely with a growing number of rising Muslim nations.","PeriodicalId":131269,"journal":{"name":"China and the Islamic World","volume":"169 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-02-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122335538","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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