Muscle fatigue is a transient and reversible decrease in performance capacity after a period of physical exertion. A variety of approaches have been applied to model muscle fatigue. Recently a theoretical, phenomenal parameter-based model (Liu-Xia model) was proposed with the capability of predicting fatigue for tasks of any force-time history. The Liu-Xia model has two parameters F and R that define the fatigue and recovery behavior, respectively. Previously, F and R were treated as constant in model validation. In the current study, R is redefined as a function of exertion level in attempt to reflect the effect of muscle contraction on blood flow. The purpose is to examine if an R varying with exertion level can improve model prediction for low intensity, static and intermittent tasks. Particularly, R is modeled as a step-wise function of three regions: 0-10% maximum voluntary contraction (MVC), no occlusion; 10-50% MVC, 0-100% occlusion, assuming a linear relationship in the region; and 51-100%, full occlusion. The results suggest that an R varying with exertion level may serve as a viable way to improve model performance, dependent on a better modeling of the relationship between muscle contraction and blood flow.
{"title":"Modeling Peripheral Muscle Fatigue Using a Variable Recovery Rate","authors":"T. Xia","doi":"10.54941/ahfe100077","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.54941/ahfe100077","url":null,"abstract":"Muscle fatigue is a transient and reversible decrease in performance capacity after a period of physical exertion. A variety of approaches have been applied to model muscle fatigue. Recently a theoretical, phenomenal parameter-based model (Liu-Xia model) was proposed with the capability of predicting fatigue for tasks of any force-time history. The Liu-Xia model has two parameters F and R that define the fatigue and recovery behavior, respectively. Previously, F and R were treated as constant in model validation. In the current study, R is redefined as a function of exertion level in attempt to reflect the effect of muscle contraction on blood flow. The purpose is to examine if an R varying with exertion level can improve model prediction for low intensity, static and intermittent tasks. Particularly, R is modeled as a step-wise function of three regions: 0-10% maximum voluntary contraction (MVC), no occlusion; 10-50% MVC, 0-100% occlusion, assuming a linear relationship in the region; and 51-100%, full occlusion. The results suggest that an R varying with exertion level may serve as a viable way to improve model performance, dependent on a better modeling of the relationship between muscle contraction and blood flow.","PeriodicalId":134696,"journal":{"name":"Advances in Physical Ergonomics and Human Factors: Part II","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131325049","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Anthropometry deals with the measurements of physical properties which are essentials for designing any tools or equipments. For designing ergonomically sound women friendly technology and assessment of nutritional status anthropometry has the pivotal role. In the present study anthropometric measurements of 45 body dimensions of women and nutrition related measurements of body type were documented from farm women’s in hills of Uttarakhand. The aim of this study is to document the mean and percentile range of static and dynamic anthropometric measurements and to provide a comprehensive data for use by anthropologists, nutritionist and ergonomic practitioners who are engaged in designing and evaluating mechanized technologies for women. Various body dimensions in standing and sitting positions, reach measurements, determinants of body fat and Body Mass Index (BMI) were recorded for hill women working in the agricultural domain. Total 100 women extensively involved in agricultural operations were chosen for the study and reference data to specify the physical dimensions for enhancing operational ability, safety, and convenience and comfort were recorded. Skinfold thickness was measured at four sites i.e. biceps, triceps, subscapula and suprailiac. The data(mean ± Standard Deviation) in centimeters pertaining to stature 149.5 ± 9.04, Standing eye height 140.96 ± 6.89, Standing cervical height 129.33 ± 6.21, Standing shoulder height 123.63 ± 4.86 , Naval height 99.67 ± 2.02, Hip Breadth (Standing) 102.12 ± 6.11, Chest depth 85.80 ± 5.58, Chest Breadth 91.13 ± 4.48, Arm Span 57.66 ± 3.41, Elbow span 38.48 ± 2.22, Arm Length 50.12 ± 1.57, Ankle height 7.73 ± 1.01, Thigh Circumference 45.26 ± 4.28, Calf Circumference 29.54 ± 4.08, Sitting measurements, head and face, hand and foot anthropometry and reaches were incorporated. The range of biceps, triceps, subscapula and suprailiac for farm women varied between 3.9 to 8.1 mm, 6.2 to 10.8mm, 8.4 to 15.2 mm and 7.5 to 12.5 with the average of 5.9 ± 0.9 mm, 8.08 ± 1.8 mm, 12.75 ± 1.6 mm, 10.5 ± 3.5 mm respectively. It was found that body density of subjects was ranged from 1.03 to 1.06, with mean of 1.04 ± 0.003 and percent body fat was 24.5 ± 1.4. The subjects were classified into categories of chronic energy deficient, normal and obese on the basis of Body Mass Index. It was found that 46 percent were undernourished, 33.3 percent women were normal, 18 percent low normal and only 1.6 percent overweight.
{"title":"Anthropometry of Indian Hill Women for Development of Agricultural Implements","authors":"Pratibha Joshi, Renu Jethi, N. Chandra, M.L.Roy, Atheequlla G.A, H.L.Kharbirkar, Promila Sharma","doi":"10.54941/ahfe100069","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.54941/ahfe100069","url":null,"abstract":"Anthropometry deals with the measurements of physical properties which are essentials for designing any tools or equipments. For designing ergonomically sound women friendly technology and assessment of nutritional status anthropometry has the pivotal role. In the present study anthropometric measurements of 45 body dimensions of women and nutrition related measurements of body type were documented from farm women’s in hills of Uttarakhand. The aim of this study is to document the mean and percentile range of static and dynamic anthropometric measurements and to provide a comprehensive data for use by anthropologists, nutritionist and ergonomic practitioners who are engaged in designing and evaluating mechanized technologies for women. Various body dimensions in standing and sitting positions, reach measurements, determinants of body fat and Body Mass Index (BMI) were recorded for hill women working in the agricultural domain. Total 100 women extensively involved in agricultural operations were chosen for the study and reference data to specify the physical dimensions for enhancing operational ability, safety, and convenience and comfort were recorded. Skinfold thickness was measured at four sites i.e. biceps, triceps, subscapula and suprailiac. The data(mean ± Standard Deviation) in centimeters pertaining to stature 149.5 ± 9.04, Standing eye height 140.96 ± 6.89, Standing cervical height 129.33 ± 6.21, Standing shoulder height 123.63 ± 4.86 , Naval height 99.67 ± 2.02, Hip Breadth (Standing) 102.12 ± 6.11, Chest depth 85.80 ± 5.58, Chest Breadth 91.13 ± 4.48, Arm Span 57.66 ± 3.41, Elbow span 38.48 ± 2.22, Arm Length 50.12 ± 1.57, Ankle height 7.73 ± 1.01, Thigh Circumference 45.26 ± 4.28, Calf Circumference 29.54 ± 4.08, Sitting measurements, head and face, hand and foot anthropometry and reaches were incorporated. The range of biceps, triceps, subscapula and suprailiac for farm women varied between 3.9 to 8.1 mm, 6.2 to 10.8mm, 8.4 to 15.2 mm and 7.5 to 12.5 with the average of 5.9 ± 0.9 mm, 8.08 ± 1.8 mm, 12.75 ± 1.6 mm, 10.5 ± 3.5 mm respectively. It was found that body density of subjects was ranged from 1.03 to 1.06, with mean of 1.04 ± 0.003 and percent body fat was 24.5 ± 1.4. The subjects were classified into categories of chronic energy deficient, normal and obese on the basis of Body Mass Index. It was found that 46 percent were undernourished, 33.3 percent women were normal, 18 percent low normal and only 1.6 percent overweight.","PeriodicalId":134696,"journal":{"name":"Advances in Physical Ergonomics and Human Factors: Part II","volume":"59 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132323075","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Saif Al-Qaisia, Fereydoun Aghazadehb, Laura Ikumab
The objectives of this study are: (1) to determine the effects of handwheel height and angle on valve-operators’ torque production; (2) to recommend maximum acceptable torque (MAT) limits for valve systems that will not exceed operators’ capabilities; and (3) to review and summarize the literature concerning the effects of handwheel height and angle on valve-operators. A total of 60 participants were recruited for this study, including 30 males and 30 females. The handwheel heights included knee, elbow, shoulder, and overhead levels. The handwheel angles included 0o, 45o, and 90o. At each height-angle combination, maximum isometric torque exertions on a handwheel were measured. MAT limits were computed using the 5th percentile torque strength values of the female participants. Depending on the height and angle of the handwheel, the average maximum torque exertions ranged from 51.6 Nm (found at overhead 0o) to 74.9 Nm (found at overhead 45o). The MAT limits ranged between 13.7 Nm and 24.1 Nm, depending on the height and angle of the handwheel. The results of similar studies in the literature and the current research are summarized and compared in one table.
{"title":"Determination of Forces Required to Open Valves","authors":"Saif Al-Qaisia, Fereydoun Aghazadehb, Laura Ikumab","doi":"10.54941/ahfe100061","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.54941/ahfe100061","url":null,"abstract":"The objectives of this study are: (1) to determine the effects of handwheel height and angle on valve-operators’ torque production; (2) to recommend maximum acceptable torque (MAT) limits for valve systems that will not exceed operators’ capabilities; and (3) to review and summarize the literature concerning the effects of handwheel height and angle on valve-operators. A total of 60 participants were recruited for this study, including 30 males and 30 females. The handwheel heights included knee, elbow, shoulder, and overhead levels. The handwheel angles included 0o, 45o, and 90o. At each height-angle combination, maximum isometric torque exertions on a handwheel were measured. MAT limits were computed using the 5th percentile torque strength values of the female participants. Depending on the height and angle of the handwheel, the average maximum torque exertions ranged from 51.6 Nm (found at overhead 0o) to 74.9 Nm (found at overhead 45o). The MAT limits ranged between 13.7 Nm and 24.1 Nm, depending on the height and angle of the handwheel. The results of similar studies in the literature and the current research are summarized and compared in one table.","PeriodicalId":134696,"journal":{"name":"Advances in Physical Ergonomics and Human Factors: Part II","volume":" 6","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132094516","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Mohsen Zare a, Michel Croq b, Julie Bodin a, Elodie Cercier a, Yves Roquelaure a
Ergonomic improvement and prevention of musculoskeletal disorders still remain quite important among assembly manufacturing. Then, having the valid and precise evaluation for psychological and physical risk factors as well as musculoskeletal symptoms is the first step for ergonomic risk management. The aim of this study was to evaluate the operators’ feelings in regards to physical and mental workloads a long with musculoskeletal symptoms. Furthermore, the interview was done with all the people Friday afternoon and Monday morning to compare the perceived exertion force at the first day and the last day of week. This cross-sectional study was done in SCANIA production Angers. In this trucks assembly plant one sector was chosen and two different questionnaires including self reported and interview questionnaire were filled out. Self-reported questionnaire evaluated 130 ergonomics variables and interview questionnaire 27 variables. The latter was completed two times Friday afternoon and Monday morning. Our finding showed that Most of study population show pain in lower back, elbow and shoulder. The most observed risk factors were in shoulders, elbows and wrists. The prevalence of psychosocial factors were high among assembly operators as 78% reported low decision latitude. Perceived exertion force for whole body for high workload working day in Friday was more than Monday morning even the difference wasn’t significant. The results showed that in addition to physical ergonomic workloads, there are psychosocial risk factors among assemblers. Furthermore, the body region that were more affected by risk factors were reported as WMSDs symptoms.
{"title":"What are the Feelings of Operators about Physical and Psychosocial Ergonomic Risks? A Case Study in SCANIA Production Angers","authors":"Mohsen Zare a, Michel Croq b, Julie Bodin a, Elodie Cercier a, Yves Roquelaure a","doi":"10.54941/ahfe100067","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.54941/ahfe100067","url":null,"abstract":"Ergonomic improvement and prevention of musculoskeletal disorders still remain quite important among assembly manufacturing. Then, having the valid and precise evaluation for psychological and physical risk factors as well as musculoskeletal symptoms is the first step for ergonomic risk management. The aim of this study was to evaluate the operators’ feelings in regards to physical and mental workloads a long with musculoskeletal symptoms. Furthermore, the interview was done with all the people Friday afternoon and Monday morning to compare the perceived exertion force at the first day and the last day of week. This cross-sectional study was done in SCANIA production Angers. In this trucks assembly plant one sector was chosen and two different questionnaires including self reported and interview questionnaire were filled out. Self-reported questionnaire evaluated 130 ergonomics variables and interview questionnaire 27 variables. The latter was completed two times Friday afternoon and Monday morning. Our finding showed that Most of study population show pain in lower back, elbow and shoulder. The most observed risk factors were in shoulders, elbows and wrists. The prevalence of psychosocial factors were high among assembly operators as 78% reported low decision latitude. Perceived exertion force for whole body for high workload working day in Friday was more than Monday morning even the difference wasn’t significant. The results showed that in addition to physical ergonomic workloads, there are psychosocial risk factors among assemblers. Furthermore, the body region that were more affected by risk factors were reported as WMSDs symptoms.","PeriodicalId":134696,"journal":{"name":"Advances in Physical Ergonomics and Human Factors: Part II","volume":"6 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115460990","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Helen Cristina Nogueira a, Francisco Locks a, Marylaine Costa b, José Hermosilla b, Ana Beatriz Oliveira a
Considering the lack of studies assessing biomechanical exposure during manual material handling (MMH) in real work environment, the aims of this study are: (1) describing postures and movements of the upper back and upper arms during MMH performed in a regular workday in a real setting; (2) comparing postures and movements according to height level of the MMH; and (3) investigating the relationship between postures/movements and the workers’ experience. Fourteen workers (28.14 ± 6.73 years) from the distribution sector of an automotive factory were evaluated during four hours of their regular work. Three workers who presented more than five years performing MMH tasks were considered as expert (6.33 ± 0.57 years of experience in MMH tasks). Eleven workers were classified as novices (1.24 ± 0.78 years). Postures and movements of upper back and upper arms were measured using inclinometers. APDF percentiles (10th, 50th, and 90th) were obtained for angles and angular velocities. All data were descriptively analyzed and a one-way ANOVA was performed in order to compare biomechanical exposure during MMH tasks performed in three different, and most adopted, heights (floor, chest and shoulder levels). Pearson correlation test was applied to investigate the association between experience and biomechanical exposure variables. Alfa level was set at 0.05. In general, the descriptive analyses showed no expressive difference between expert and novice workers. Significant statistical differences in upper back and upper arms posture and movement among the three most frequent handling heights were found. Moreover, there was a positive and significant correlation between workers’ experience and humeral elevation. Despite the limited number of workers, we could evaluate what in fact happen in real settings. We believe that the evaluation of larger samples would demonstrate differences between expert and novice workers also in real settings, as we could observe a tendency of safer strategies among experienced workers. The challenge is finding larger groups of workers doing MMH tasks considering the lean production systems.
{"title":"Postures and Movements of Upper Arms and Upper Back During Box Handling in Real Setting","authors":"Helen Cristina Nogueira a, Francisco Locks a, Marylaine Costa b, José Hermosilla b, Ana Beatriz Oliveira a","doi":"10.54941/ahfe100056","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.54941/ahfe100056","url":null,"abstract":"Considering the lack of studies assessing biomechanical exposure during manual material handling (MMH) in real work environment, the aims of this study are: (1) describing postures and movements of the upper back and upper arms during MMH performed in a regular workday in a real setting; (2) comparing postures and movements according to height level of the MMH; and (3) investigating the relationship between postures/movements and the workers’ experience. Fourteen workers (28.14 ± 6.73 years) from the distribution sector of an automotive factory were evaluated during four hours of their regular work. Three workers who presented more than five years performing MMH tasks were considered as expert (6.33 ± 0.57 years of experience in MMH tasks). Eleven workers were classified as novices (1.24 ± 0.78 years). Postures and movements of upper back and upper arms were measured using inclinometers. APDF percentiles (10th, 50th, and 90th) were obtained for angles and angular velocities. All data were descriptively analyzed and a one-way ANOVA was performed in order to compare biomechanical exposure during MMH tasks performed in three different, and most adopted, heights (floor, chest and shoulder levels). Pearson correlation test was applied to investigate the association between experience and biomechanical exposure variables. Alfa level was set at 0.05. In general, the descriptive analyses showed no expressive difference between expert and novice workers. Significant statistical differences in upper back and upper arms posture and movement among the three most frequent handling heights were found. Moreover, there was a positive and significant correlation between workers’ experience and humeral elevation. Despite the limited number of workers, we could evaluate what in fact happen in real settings. We believe that the evaluation of larger samples would demonstrate differences between expert and novice workers also in real settings, as we could observe a tendency of safer strategies among experienced workers. The challenge is finding larger groups of workers doing MMH tasks considering the lean production systems.","PeriodicalId":134696,"journal":{"name":"Advances in Physical Ergonomics and Human Factors: Part II","volume":"134 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126884626","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Occupational safety and health have a considerable value for employees and employers in Latvia. Despite the fact that modern production systems involve highly specialized and complex machinery, there are many human activities including manual tasks that have not been automated due to flexibility requirements. Physical overloading is caused, for example, by lifting or pushing heavy objects, daily use of vibratory tools or prolonged work while bending over. Insufficient physical load (lack of activities) is caused, for example, by prolonged sedentary work without periodic breaks for movement. The importance of psycho-emotional factors, including stress at work, should also be taken into account here. Musculoskeletal complaints are responsible for one-third of the reported cases of absenteeism and disability. Therefore, physical load forms the core of the problem, and is one of the main factors hindering sustained healthy, productive work, and wellbeing. This calls for the development of practical exposure assessment tools, particularly for health and safety practitioners, to quickly assess an exposure to ergonomic risks. The knowledge of the risk and corresponding risk assessment methods are aim of investigation and provide basis for the formulation and implementation of preventive measures. The road building workers, textile sewers and cutters, as well as fire-fighters-rescuers, who are employed in a wide range of tasks, were used as an example of ergonomic risk analysis.Several tools for description and assessment of ergonomic risks applying subjective, mathematical and experimental (objective) methods were used. The chosen tools and technique are: Extended Nordic Musculoskeletal Questionnaire (NMQ-E); KIM (exposure scores for pushing/pulling, carrying), QEC (exposure levels for main body regions), OWAS (time sampling for body postures and force), RULA (categorization of upper limb postures and force with action levels), MAC (manual handling assessment charts), NIOSH (lifting equations, biomechanical load limits), SI (the strain index), workload energy expenditure (WEE), heart rate monitoring (HRM), myotonometry (MYO), NASA-TLX (mental and physical workload interaction/task load index), WAI (work ability index). The chosen methods have been categorized under four main headings: 1) self-reports from workers, 2) observation methods, 3) mathematical methods, 4) direct measurement of exposure variables at work.Analysing these methods it was established that KIM, QEC, NIOSH, OWAS, WAI and HRM are more suitable for quick assessment of the ergonomic risks at work, while the RULA, WEE and MYO are more complicated for quick assessment. It was found that employee's subjective point of view on workload does not always coincide with the objective measurement results. It was concluded that the physical load assessment methods, analysed in this study, are successfully introduced in Latvia, and preventive measures, such as medical hypnotherapy, including cognit
{"title":"Methodology of Physical Load Risk Assessment in Latvia","authors":"V. Kaļķis, Z. Roja, H. Kalkis","doi":"10.54941/ahfe100082","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.54941/ahfe100082","url":null,"abstract":"Occupational safety and health have a considerable value for employees and employers in Latvia. Despite the fact that modern production systems involve highly specialized and complex machinery, there are many human activities including manual tasks that have not been automated due to flexibility requirements. Physical overloading is caused, for example, by lifting or pushing heavy objects, daily use of vibratory tools or prolonged work while bending over. Insufficient physical load (lack of activities) is caused, for example, by prolonged sedentary work without periodic breaks for movement. The importance of psycho-emotional factors, including stress at work, should also be taken into account here. Musculoskeletal complaints are responsible for one-third of the reported cases of absenteeism and disability. Therefore, physical load forms the core of the problem, and is one of the main factors hindering sustained healthy, productive work, and wellbeing. This calls for the development of practical exposure assessment tools, particularly for health and safety practitioners, to quickly assess an exposure to ergonomic risks. The knowledge of the risk and corresponding risk assessment methods are aim of investigation and provide basis for the formulation and implementation of preventive measures. The road building workers, textile sewers and cutters, as well as fire-fighters-rescuers, who are employed in a wide range of tasks, were used as an example of ergonomic risk analysis.Several tools for description and assessment of ergonomic risks applying subjective, mathematical and experimental (objective) methods were used. The chosen tools and technique are: Extended Nordic Musculoskeletal Questionnaire (NMQ-E); KIM (exposure scores for pushing/pulling, carrying), QEC (exposure levels for main body regions), OWAS (time sampling for body postures and force), RULA (categorization of upper limb postures and force with action levels), MAC (manual handling assessment charts), NIOSH (lifting equations, biomechanical load limits), SI (the strain index), workload energy expenditure (WEE), heart rate monitoring (HRM), myotonometry (MYO), NASA-TLX (mental and physical workload interaction/task load index), WAI (work ability index). The chosen methods have been categorized under four main headings: 1) self-reports from workers, 2) observation methods, 3) mathematical methods, 4) direct measurement of exposure variables at work.Analysing these methods it was established that KIM, QEC, NIOSH, OWAS, WAI and HRM are more suitable for quick assessment of the ergonomic risks at work, while the RULA, WEE and MYO are more complicated for quick assessment. It was found that employee's subjective point of view on workload does not always coincide with the objective measurement results. It was concluded that the physical load assessment methods, analysed in this study, are successfully introduced in Latvia, and preventive measures, such as medical hypnotherapy, including cognit","PeriodicalId":134696,"journal":{"name":"Advances in Physical Ergonomics and Human Factors: Part II","volume":"344 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"134232542","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Luximon Ameersing, Ganesan Balasankara, KaiWei Zhao a, Lap Ki Chanb
The human foot is a complex biomechanical structure, which is consist of 26 bones, numerous muscles, ligaments, joints, nerves, arteries, veins and other soft tissues, is contributing the overall shape of the foot, and is mainly helping to bear the entire body weight, and static and dynamic motions of the foot. The foot has various dynamic motions such as dorsiflexion, plantar flexion, inversion, and eversion, abduction and adduction. The foot shape, structure, functions and motions will vary from one person to another person due to its own morphological structure. A footwear designer is necessary to know about these structures and functions of the foot to design and construct the footwear with comfort and fit. Conventional methods such as anthropometers, calipers, and tapes are used to get the anthropometric data to design the custom-made footwear. Recently, 3D scanning of the foot has been used to get the accurate anthropometric measurement foot data to design the good-fitting footwear. However, there are very few studies reported about Kinect for foot measurement. It is difficult to predict the changes of the foot inner structures during the various functional position of the foot. Therefore, this study tries to develop the 3D functional foot model with using different high heel position. It also considers the effect of land marking error. A result of this study is essential for the design of better fitting and comfortable footwear.
{"title":"3D Functional Foot","authors":"Luximon Ameersing, Ganesan Balasankara, KaiWei Zhao a, Lap Ki Chanb","doi":"10.54941/ahfe100080","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.54941/ahfe100080","url":null,"abstract":"The human foot is a complex biomechanical structure, which is consist of 26 bones, numerous muscles, ligaments, joints, nerves, arteries, veins and other soft tissues, is contributing the overall shape of the foot, and is mainly helping to bear the entire body weight, and static and dynamic motions of the foot. The foot has various dynamic motions such as dorsiflexion, plantar flexion, inversion, and eversion, abduction and adduction. The foot shape, structure, functions and motions will vary from one person to another person due to its own morphological structure. A footwear designer is necessary to know about these structures and functions of the foot to design and construct the footwear with comfort and fit. Conventional methods such as anthropometers, calipers, and tapes are used to get the anthropometric data to design the custom-made footwear. Recently, 3D scanning of the foot has been used to get the accurate anthropometric measurement foot data to design the good-fitting footwear. However, there are very few studies reported about Kinect for foot measurement. It is difficult to predict the changes of the foot inner structures during the various functional position of the foot. Therefore, this study tries to develop the 3D functional foot model with using different high heel position. It also considers the effect of land marking error. A result of this study is essential for the design of better fitting and comfortable footwear.","PeriodicalId":134696,"journal":{"name":"Advances in Physical Ergonomics and Human Factors: Part II","volume":"29 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125685200","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Felicidade Pacheco a, Matilde A. Rodrigues a, Pedro R. R. Monteirob
Manual Material Handling (MMH) is one of the key problems related to musculoskeletal disorders at the occupational settings. It is essential to assess the risk related to these tasks. The psychophysical approach can be used to assess and redesign the MMH tasks. Following a psychophysical approach and bearing in mind the specific problem faced by waste workers in a Portuguese hospital, this work aimed to determine, the Maximum Acceptable Weight (MAW) for the tasks of BIOBOX’s lifting. Two different levels of BIOBOX’s were assessed based on workers’ usual tasks. The subjects were instructed to lift the box from the height of 110 cm and 174 cm (handling height) up to the height of 84 cm, the same height of the truck. Each set of experiments was conducted for 10 minutes. The heart rate was continuously monitored. At the end of each task, the MAW was achieved and subjects were requested to assess the Index of Perceived Exertion (IPE). The MAW determined at 110 cm and 174 cm was, respectively, 10.0 kg and 6.8 kg. The regions of the shoulders, arms and back were identified as presenting more pain during the tasks. The results show that workers are at risk of musculoskeletal disorders. Therefore, a strategy to reduce the risk related to these tasks is needed.
{"title":"Psychophysical Responses of Waste Workers in Lifting Tasks at Two Different Levels","authors":"Felicidade Pacheco a, Matilde A. Rodrigues a, Pedro R. R. Monteirob","doi":"10.54941/ahfe100087","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.54941/ahfe100087","url":null,"abstract":"Manual Material Handling (MMH) is one of the key problems related to musculoskeletal disorders at the occupational settings. It is essential to assess the risk related to these tasks. The psychophysical approach can be used to assess and redesign the MMH tasks. Following a psychophysical approach and bearing in mind the specific problem faced by waste workers in a Portuguese hospital, this work aimed to determine, the Maximum Acceptable Weight (MAW) for the tasks of BIOBOX’s lifting. Two different levels of BIOBOX’s were assessed based on workers’ usual tasks. The subjects were instructed to lift the box from the height of 110 cm and 174 cm (handling height) up to the height of 84 cm, the same height of the truck. Each set of experiments was conducted for 10 minutes. The heart rate was continuously monitored. At the end of each task, the MAW was achieved and subjects were requested to assess the Index of Perceived Exertion (IPE). The MAW determined at 110 cm and 174 cm was, respectively, 10.0 kg and 6.8 kg. The regions of the shoulders, arms and back were identified as presenting more pain during the tasks. The results show that workers are at risk of musculoskeletal disorders. Therefore, a strategy to reduce the risk related to these tasks is needed.","PeriodicalId":134696,"journal":{"name":"Advances in Physical Ergonomics and Human Factors: Part II","volume":"14 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129641909","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Drumming is a highly repetitive and demanding physical art nearly played in all music styles. Drummers use both two hands and feet during playing. Due to this fact, the musicians in the drumming profession are facing the risks of developing musculoskeletal pain and injury in the hands, wrists, elbows, shoulders, ankles as well as low back and neck areas. Especially, wrists, ankles and back are the most risky parts. To reduce the risks involved and improve the drumming performance, the drummer´ workstation set up, instruments and the method of performing need to be evaluated and redesigned according to the ergonomics principles. In this pilot study, a sample of eight drummers are surveyed for bodily discomfort/pain and injury. Findings indicate that the seating posture of drumming is the most critical ergonomics related issue. Low back, neck, and shoulders as well as ankles and wrists are at risks due to the awkward and/or static joint postures. Following the survey results, the drummer´s workstation set up, instruments and performing methods are evaluated and recommendations are provided.
{"title":"Save the Musicians! The Ergonomics of the Drumming","authors":"Mahmut Eksioglu, N. Kaan Öztürk, Orkun Şirin","doi":"10.54941/ahfe100073","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.54941/ahfe100073","url":null,"abstract":"Drumming is a highly repetitive and demanding physical art nearly played in all music styles. Drummers use both two hands and feet during playing. Due to this fact, the musicians in the drumming profession are facing the risks of developing musculoskeletal pain and injury in the hands, wrists, elbows, shoulders, ankles as well as low back and neck areas. Especially, wrists, ankles and back are the most risky parts. To reduce the risks involved and improve the drumming performance, the drummer´ workstation set up, instruments and the method of performing need to be evaluated and redesigned according to the ergonomics principles. In this pilot study, a sample of eight drummers are surveyed for bodily discomfort/pain and injury. Findings indicate that the seating posture of drumming is the most critical ergonomics related issue. Low back, neck, and shoulders as well as ankles and wrists are at risks due to the awkward and/or static joint postures. Following the survey results, the drummer´s workstation set up, instruments and performing methods are evaluated and recommendations are provided.","PeriodicalId":134696,"journal":{"name":"Advances in Physical Ergonomics and Human Factors: Part II","volume":"263 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127084609","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Prior studies have shown that information technology is effective for increasing children’s vocabularies and reading comprehension; however, its effects on bilingual or heritage language learning require further study. This article reports on a bilingual tablet storybook design using the Universal Design for Learning (UDL) approach. The electronic storybooks were written in two languages: Mandarin and Vietnamese. After the welcome page, the tablet storybooks include four parts: a story in Mandarin (including text and reading), a story in Vietnamese, Mandarin games, and Vietnamese games. The text contains frequently used vocabulary. The storybook apps provide the frequently used vocabulary with Mandarin and Vietnamese pronunciations and explanations (in picture, oral, and text forms). In the second part of the game, “Little Story Teller,” the tablet provides five different background pictures and the users select and arrange the objects and figures presented in the pictures. This study sheds light on the application of tablet storybooks to heritage language learning or bilingual learning. Tablet storybooks can serve as a supplement for bilingual or multilingual learning and encourage a learner-centered and self-directed mode of instruction.
先前的研究表明，信息技术对增加儿童的词汇量和阅读理解是有效的;然而，它对双语或传统语言学习的影响还有待进一步研究。本文介绍了一个使用通用学习设计(UDL)方法设计的双语平板故事书。这些电子故事书用普通话和越南语两种语言编写。在欢迎页面之后，平板故事书包括四个部分:普通话故事(包括文字和阅读)、越南语故事、普通话游戏和越南语游戏。课文中有常用词汇。故事书应用程序提供普通话和越南语发音和解释(图片，口头和文本形式)的常用词汇。在游戏的第二部分“Little Story Teller”中，平板电脑提供了五张不同的背景图片，用户选择并排列图片中呈现的物体和人物。本研究揭示了平板故事书在传承语言学习或双语学习中的应用。平板故事书可以作为双语或多语学习的补充，并鼓励以学习者为中心和自我指导的教学模式。
{"title":"Design of Tablet Storybooks Adopting a “Universal Design for Learning” Approach to Assist Bilingual Learning","authors":"Yu-Ching Yeh, Ming-Chung Chen, Hsiang-Ju Ho","doi":"10.54941/ahfe100071","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.54941/ahfe100071","url":null,"abstract":"Prior studies have shown that information technology is effective for increasing children’s vocabularies and reading comprehension; however, its effects on bilingual or heritage language learning require further study. This article reports on a bilingual tablet storybook design using the Universal Design for Learning (UDL) approach. The electronic storybooks were written in two languages: Mandarin and Vietnamese. After the welcome page, the tablet storybooks include four parts: a story in Mandarin (including text and reading), a story in Vietnamese, Mandarin games, and Vietnamese games. The text contains frequently used vocabulary. The storybook apps provide the frequently used vocabulary with Mandarin and Vietnamese pronunciations and explanations (in picture, oral, and text forms). In the second part of the game, “Little Story Teller,” the tablet provides five different background pictures and the users select and arrange the objects and figures presented in the pictures. This study sheds light on the application of tablet storybooks to heritage language learning or bilingual learning. Tablet storybooks can serve as a supplement for bilingual or multilingual learning and encourage a learner-centered and self-directed mode of instruction.","PeriodicalId":134696,"journal":{"name":"Advances in Physical Ergonomics and Human Factors: Part II","volume":"412 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121166164","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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