The main family of phytochemical compounds derived from naturally synthesised secondary metabolites are alkaloids, terpenoids and phenolics. Recently, these compounds known also as novel chemical entities (NCE) have been used as drug precursors or templates for synthetic moieties. Also, their potential for pharmacological applications has been as well extensively investigated. However, in recent years, a serious problem worldwide has become the use of illegal drugs, where to potential of some secondary metabolites to act as bio- or a psychoactive component is often refined. Considering that, forensic analysis of secondary metabolites from plants is of the utmost importance. Moreover, great effort has been given to developing testing strategies capable of identifying and quantifying secondary metabolites from various precursors over the past few years. Chromatography is a powerful instrumental technique in the analyses of selected NCE and seems entirely to fulfill the requirements of various laboratories all over the world.
{"title":"Secondary Metabolites from Plants: The Thin Border Between Beneficent and Harmful","authors":"Georgiana Mardare (Balusescu), T. Măluțan","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.3388066","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.3388066","url":null,"abstract":"The main family of phytochemical compounds derived from naturally synthesised secondary metabolites are alkaloids, terpenoids and phenolics. Recently, these compounds known also as novel chemical entities (NCE) have been used as drug precursors or templates for synthetic moieties. Also, their potential for pharmacological applications has been as well extensively investigated. However, in recent years, a serious problem worldwide has become the use of illegal drugs, where to potential of some secondary metabolites to act as bio- or a psychoactive component is often refined. Considering that, forensic analysis of secondary metabolites from plants is of the utmost importance. Moreover, great effort has been given to developing testing strategies capable of identifying and quantifying secondary metabolites from various precursors over the past few years. Chromatography is a powerful instrumental technique in the analyses of selected NCE and seems entirely to fulfill the requirements of various laboratories all over the world.","PeriodicalId":137529,"journal":{"name":"Pharmacology & Toxicology eJournal","volume":"35 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-04-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123979263","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Boron-containing mesoporous bioactive glass (B-MBG) scaffolds are capable of promoting osteogenesis during the process of bone defect repair. Despite this, the involving molecular controls are still largely unclear. We identified that transcription factor 7-like 2 (TCF7L2) served as a key effector promoting boron-induced bone regeneration through lipocalin 2. Lipocalin 2 was highly expressed in osteoblasts treated with B-MBG scaffolds extraction than MBG, as well as TCF7L2. Lipocalin 2, as a secreted bone factor, positively affected osteogenic differentiation of MC3T3-E1 and osteogenesis in vivo, which can be induced by TCF7L2. In addition, interference of TCF7L2 decreased the osteogenic differentiation of MC3T3-E1 in vitro, as well as bone mass, and width growth plate in Ubc-Cre;Tcf7l2fl/fl mice. Finally, we identified lipocalin-2 as a pivotal factor that can rescue the poor ability of osteogenic differentiation of MC3T3-E1 in which TCF7L2 gene was knocked down by lentiviral transfection of shRNA. Our findings provide some new insights into the molecular controls of boron-associated bone regeneration and potential therapeutic targets for the treatment of bone defects.
{"title":"TCF7L2 Promotes Osteogenic Differentiation and Boron-Induced Bone Repair Via Lipocalin 2","authors":"Chengcheng Yin, Xiaoshi Jia, Qin Zhao, Zifan Zhao, Jinyang Wang, Hui Fu, Zubing Li, Yufeng Zhang","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.3313307","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.3313307","url":null,"abstract":"Boron-containing mesoporous bioactive glass (B-MBG) scaffolds are capable of promoting osteogenesis during the process of bone defect repair. Despite this, the involving molecular controls are still largely unclear. We identified that transcription factor 7-like 2 (TCF7L2) served as a key effector promoting boron-induced bone regeneration through lipocalin 2. Lipocalin 2 was highly expressed in osteoblasts treated with B-MBG scaffolds extraction than MBG, as well as TCF7L2. Lipocalin 2, as a secreted bone factor, positively affected osteogenic differentiation of MC3T3-E1 and osteogenesis in vivo, which can be induced by TCF7L2. In addition, interference of TCF7L2 decreased the osteogenic differentiation of MC3T3-E1 <i>in vitro</i>, as well as bone mass, and width growth plate in <i>Ubc-Cre;Tcf7l2<sup>fl/fl</sup></i> mice. Finally, we identified lipocalin-2 as a pivotal factor that can rescue the poor ability of osteogenic differentiation of MC3T3-E1 in which TCF7L2 gene was knocked down by lentiviral transfection of shRNA. Our findings provide some new insights into the molecular controls of boron-associated bone regeneration and potential therapeutic targets for the treatment of bone defects.","PeriodicalId":137529,"journal":{"name":"Pharmacology & Toxicology eJournal","volume":"132 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-01-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123231627","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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