Pub Date : 2021-08-24DOI: 10.5772/INTECHOPEN.99010
Frederic Berger, Benjamin Einhorn, Jessica Jarjaye, D. Toe, J. Barré, S. Dupire
The choice of a natural risk prevention strategy must be considered at the scale of a territory in order to take into account all its components. Since 2015, France has developed integrated natural risk management (INRM) approaches in Alpine territories. The challenge of INRM lies in the definition and implementation of innovative projects for initiating synergies with respect to natural risks while seeking to increase resilience through the new and different involvement of the territorial actors. The Baronnies Provençales Regional Nature Park is one of the pilot territories for the operational implementation of this approach, with a particular focus on forest-based solutions. For this reason it has been chosen as the French Pilot Action Region (PAR) of the Interreg Alpine Space project GreenRisk4Alps. In this article we present an example of good practice related to the benefit of large-scale rockfall risk modeling, the analysis of potential cascading effects and the added value of a territorial perspective.
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Pub Date : 2021-08-24DOI: 10.5772/INTECHOPEN.99016
Christoph Hintner, Stefano Terzi, S. Steger
This chapter describes the Wipptal South Pilot Action Region (PAR) in South Tyrol, where forests are well recognized to play a crucial role in protecting against a variety of gravity-driven natural hazards, such as landslides, debris flows, rock falls and snow avalanches. The chapter presents the three municipalities in the PAR area in terms of socio-environmental context, gravity-driven natural hazards and forest characteristics. The presented best-practice example describes the results of a former project entitled “Waldtypisierung Südtirol” (Eng. Forest Characterization South Tyrol) that focused on a detailed description of forests in South Tyrol and the development of a handbook for foresters. It is shown that the Wipptal South PAR as being is frequently affected by a variety of gravity-induced hazards while highlighting the critical role of forest in protecting people and their properties. Appropriate forest management strategies are vital to maintain and increase tree species diversity (e.g. populating fir) and the associated protective forest function. In this context, climate change effects, such as an increasing threat of bark beetle infestation due to rising drought stress or the consequences of associated extreme weather events (e.g. storms), pose major challenges for the local forests and their protective function.
本章描述了南蒂罗尔的威普塔尔南部试点行动区(PAR)，在该地区，森林在抵御各种重力驱动的自然灾害(如滑坡、泥石流、岩崩和雪崩)方面发挥着至关重要的作用。本章从社会环境背景、重力驱动的自然灾害和森林特征方面介绍了PAR地区的三个城市。所提供的最佳实践示例描述了先前一个名为“Waldtypisierung s dtirol”的项目的结果。森林特征南蒂罗尔)，重点是对南蒂罗尔森林的详细描述，并为林业工作者编写了一本手册。研究表明，Wipptal南PAR经常受到各种重力引起的灾害的影响，同时突出了森林在保护人民及其财产方面的关键作用。适当的森林管理战略对于维持和增加树种多样性(如冷杉种群)和相关的森林保护功能至关重要。在这种情况下，气候变化的影响，如由于干旱压力加剧或相关极端天气事件(如风暴)的后果，树皮甲虫侵扰的威胁日益增加，对当地森林及其保护功能构成重大挑战。
{"title":"Wipptal South Pilot Action Region: Gravity-Driven Natural Hazards and Forest Types","authors":"Christoph Hintner, Stefano Terzi, S. Steger","doi":"10.5772/INTECHOPEN.99016","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5772/INTECHOPEN.99016","url":null,"abstract":"This chapter describes the Wipptal South Pilot Action Region (PAR) in South Tyrol, where forests are well recognized to play a crucial role in protecting against a variety of gravity-driven natural hazards, such as landslides, debris flows, rock falls and snow avalanches. The chapter presents the three municipalities in the PAR area in terms of socio-environmental context, gravity-driven natural hazards and forest characteristics. The presented best-practice example describes the results of a former project entitled “Waldtypisierung Südtirol” (Eng. Forest Characterization South Tyrol) that focused on a detailed description of forests in South Tyrol and the development of a handbook for foresters. It is shown that the Wipptal South PAR as being is frequently affected by a variety of gravity-induced hazards while highlighting the critical role of forest in protecting people and their properties. Appropriate forest management strategies are vital to maintain and increase tree species diversity (e.g. populating fir) and the associated protective forest function. In this context, climate change effects, such as an increasing threat of bark beetle infestation due to rising drought stress or the consequences of associated extreme weather events (e.g. storms), pose major challenges for the local forests and their protective function.","PeriodicalId":141327,"journal":{"name":"Best Practice Examples of Implementing Ecosystem-Based Natural Hazard Risk Management in the GreenRisk4ALPs Pilot Action Regions","volume":"71 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-08-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126247767","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-08-24DOI: 10.5772/INTECHOPEN.99011
Matthias Plörer, D. Stöhr
When people engage in recreational activities in sensitive forest habitats, there can be unintended negative impacts on wildlife and forests. These include disturbance and displacement of wild game as well as damage to young plants (tree seedlings and saplings from ski or snowshoe compaction or direct physical damage from ski edges). These are just a few examples that highlight the need to manage the impact of recreationists with different measures in order to minimize the disturbance of game (especially red deer and roe deer) and the impairment of important object protective forests that this in turn causes. In Section 2 of this chapter, we describe the tourism, population, settlement area, economy, forestry and natural hazards in the GreenRisk4Alps Pilot Action Region (PAR) of Gries am Brenner and Vals in Tyrol, Austria. Section 3 provides an overview of the overarching initiative and integration forum, “Tyrolian mountains – experience together”, which was initiated by the Amt der Tiroler Landesregierung (Office of the Tyrolean Provincial Government). We then provide a description of the exact workflow, the possible measures and other details on ski tour steering options. Ski tour steering measures in the Gries am Brenner and Vals PAR can be found in Section 3.4, followed by a critical review of the experiences in Section 4.
当人们在敏感的森林栖息地从事娱乐活动时，可能会对野生动物和森林产生意想不到的负面影响。这些包括对野生动物的干扰和迁移，以及对幼树的损害(由于滑雪或雪鞋压实造成的树苗和树苗，或由于滑雪边缘造成的直接物理损害)。这些只是几个例子，突出了需要用不同的措施来管理游憩者的影响，以尽量减少对猎物(特别是马鹿和狍)的干扰，以及由此导致的对重要目标保护森林的损害。在本章的第2节中，我们描述了奥地利蒂罗尔Gries am Brenner和Vals的GreenRisk4Alps试点行动区(PAR)的旅游，人口，定居区，经济，林业和自然灾害。第3节概述了由蒂罗尔省政府办公室发起的总体倡议和一体化论坛“蒂罗尔山区-共同经验”。然后，我们提供了准确的工作流程的描述，可能的措施和其他细节的滑雪旅游转向选项。在Gries am Brenner和Vals PAR的滑雪旅游指导措施可以在第3.4节中找到，然后在第4节中对经验进行批判性回顾。
{"title":"Gries am Brenner/Vals Pilot Action Region: The Tyrolean Ski Tour Steering Concept - A Contribution to the Protection of Wildlife and Object Protective Forests","authors":"Matthias Plörer, D. Stöhr","doi":"10.5772/INTECHOPEN.99011","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5772/INTECHOPEN.99011","url":null,"abstract":"When people engage in recreational activities in sensitive forest habitats, there can be unintended negative impacts on wildlife and forests. These include disturbance and displacement of wild game as well as damage to young plants (tree seedlings and saplings from ski or snowshoe compaction or direct physical damage from ski edges). These are just a few examples that highlight the need to manage the impact of recreationists with different measures in order to minimize the disturbance of game (especially red deer and roe deer) and the impairment of important object protective forests that this in turn causes. In Section 2 of this chapter, we describe the tourism, population, settlement area, economy, forestry and natural hazards in the GreenRisk4Alps Pilot Action Region (PAR) of Gries am Brenner and Vals in Tyrol, Austria. Section 3 provides an overview of the overarching initiative and integration forum, “Tyrolian mountains – experience together”, which was initiated by the Amt der Tiroler Landesregierung (Office of the Tyrolean Provincial Government). We then provide a description of the exact workflow, the possible measures and other details on ski tour steering options. Ski tour steering measures in the Gries am Brenner and Vals PAR can be found in Section 3.4, followed by a critical review of the experiences in Section 4.","PeriodicalId":141327,"journal":{"name":"Best Practice Examples of Implementing Ecosystem-Based Natural Hazard Risk Management in the GreenRisk4ALPs Pilot Action Regions","volume":"82 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-08-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"134110040","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-08-24DOI: 10.5772/INTECHOPEN.99015
Helena Eisele, R. Schreiber, Anne Stöger
Natural hazards caused by climate change pose a permanent threat to the inhabitants of the Alpine Space. In addition to technical protection measures, forests are very often the key to permanent and cost-effective protection against these hazards. In the Mountain Forest initiative (BWO) of the Bavarian state government, launched more than 10 years ago, suitable measures for the preservation of protective forest are discussed and, if possible, decided by consensus in on-site round tables with all involved interest groups. Only a functioning interaction between the different actors in the Alpine Space will contribute towards the set objective of integrating forests and ecosystem services in risk governance and balancing the numerous interests, demands and costs. Using the example of the Oberammergau Pilot Action Region (PAR), the process and implementation of the BWO is presented against a background of more than 10 years of experience. At the beginning, the identification of stakeholders and the overall goal and expectations of the participatory process (technical issues, trust and community building) is clarified. After a detailed actor analysis, the moderated participatory process is described.
{"title":"Oberammergau Pilot Action Region: Mountain Forest Initiative (BWO)","authors":"Helena Eisele, R. Schreiber, Anne Stöger","doi":"10.5772/INTECHOPEN.99015","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5772/INTECHOPEN.99015","url":null,"abstract":"Natural hazards caused by climate change pose a permanent threat to the inhabitants of the Alpine Space. In addition to technical protection measures, forests are very often the key to permanent and cost-effective protection against these hazards. In the Mountain Forest initiative (BWO) of the Bavarian state government, launched more than 10 years ago, suitable measures for the preservation of protective forest are discussed and, if possible, decided by consensus in on-site round tables with all involved interest groups. Only a functioning interaction between the different actors in the Alpine Space will contribute towards the set objective of integrating forests and ecosystem services in risk governance and balancing the numerous interests, demands and costs. Using the example of the Oberammergau Pilot Action Region (PAR), the process and implementation of the BWO is presented against a background of more than 10 years of experience. At the beginning, the identification of stakeholders and the overall goal and expectations of the participatory process (technical issues, trust and community building) is clarified. After a detailed actor analysis, the moderated participatory process is described.","PeriodicalId":141327,"journal":{"name":"Best Practice Examples of Implementing Ecosystem-Based Natural Hazard Risk Management in the GreenRisk4ALPs Pilot Action Regions","volume":"165 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-08-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132336538","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-08-24DOI: 10.5772/INTECHOPEN.99013
P. Perret, Jean Pierre Fosson, Luca Mondardini, V. Segor
The Val Ferret valley (Courmayeur, Aosta Valley, Italy) was included as a Pilot Action Region (PAR) of the GreenRisk4Alps project since it is both a famous tourist location and a high-risk area for all types of mass movement processes. Typical natural hazards that endanger this PAR are debris flows and avalanches, sometimes connected to ice collapses from the glaciers of the Mont Blanc massif. Thanks to the steep sides of the valley and widespread alluvial channels, these events can reach the valley floor, where public roads, villages and touristic attractions are located. This article presents the main challenges of natural hazard management in the Val Ferret PAR, as well as the role of forestry and protective forests in the Aosta Valley Autonomous Region. As an example of good practice, the monitoring systems of the Planpincieux and Grandes Jorasses glaciers are presented. Recently, these glaciers have become an open-air laboratory for glacial monitoring techniques. Many close-range surveys have been conducted here, and a permanent network of monitoring systems that measure the surface deformation of the glaciers is currently active.
Val Ferret山谷(意大利奥斯塔山谷的Courmayeur)被列入GreenRisk4Alps项目的试点行动区(PAR)，因为它既是一个著名的旅游地点，也是所有类型的群众运动过程的高风险区域。危及该保护区的典型自然灾害是泥石流和雪崩，有时与勃朗峰地块冰川的冰崩解有关。由于山谷的陡峭侧面和广泛的冲积河道，这些活动可以到达谷底，那里有公共道路，村庄和旅游景点。本文介绍了Val Ferret PAR自然灾害管理的主要挑战，以及Aosta Valley自治区林业和防护林的作用。作为良好做法的一个例子，介绍了普兰平谢和大约拉斯冰川的监测系统。最近，这些冰川已经成为冰川监测技术的露天实验室。在这里进行了许多近距离的调查，一个测量冰川表面变形的永久性监测系统网络目前正在活动。
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Pub Date : 2021-08-24DOI: 10.5772/intechopen.99014
J. Beguš, Janez Mertelj, Samo Škrjanec
The Municipality of Kranjska Gora was chosen as a Pilot Action Region (PAR) due to its location in the Slovenian Alpine area, its extensive forest cover and its important role in tourism and sport activities. As an example of best practice in the implementation of ecosystem-based risk management, the environmentally-friendly construction of the new Nordic center in the Planica Valley is presented, with an emphasis on the role of various stakeholders in the fields of forestry, environmental protection and natural hazard management. The article also presents the forest and forestry in Slovenia and in the PAR, as well as the role of protective forests and other forest functions.
{"title":"Kranjska Gora Pilot Action Region: Environmentally-Friendly Construction of the Planica Nordic Centre","authors":"J. Beguš, Janez Mertelj, Samo Škrjanec","doi":"10.5772/intechopen.99014","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5772/intechopen.99014","url":null,"abstract":"The Municipality of Kranjska Gora was chosen as a Pilot Action Region (PAR) due to its location in the Slovenian Alpine area, its extensive forest cover and its important role in tourism and sport activities. As an example of best practice in the implementation of ecosystem-based risk management, the environmentally-friendly construction of the new Nordic center in the Planica Valley is presented, with an emphasis on the role of various stakeholders in the fields of forestry, environmental protection and natural hazard management. The article also presents the forest and forestry in Slovenia and in the PAR, as well as the role of protective forests and other forest functions.","PeriodicalId":141327,"journal":{"name":"Best Practice Examples of Implementing Ecosystem-Based Natural Hazard Risk Management in the GreenRisk4ALPs Pilot Action Regions","volume":"12 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-08-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123379221","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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