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Unfelt Harm 没有被感觉到的伤害
Pub Date : 2019-10-17 DOI: 10.1093/oso/9780198842101.003.0002
David Boonin
This chapter provides an extensive defense of the first premise of the book’s central argument: the claim that it is possible for an act to wrongfully harm a person while they are alive even if the act has no effect on the person’s conscious experiences. The chapter begins by offering a series of thought experiments designed to motivate this claim, including a version of Nozick’s famous experience machine. It then identifies a series of objections that can be raised against the use of such thought experiments in support of this claim and argues that all of them can be successfully overcome.
本章为本书中心论点的第一个前提提供了广泛的辩护:即一个行为有可能在一个人活着的时候错误地伤害他,即使这个行为对这个人的意识体验没有影响。本章一开始就提供了一系列的思想实验,包括诺齐克著名的体验机。然后,它确定了一系列反对使用这种思想实验来支持这一说法的反对意见,并认为所有这些都可以成功地克服。
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引用次数: 0
From Unfelt Harm to Frustrated Desire 从未察觉的伤害到受挫的欲望
Pub Date : 2019-10-17 DOI: 10.1093/oso/9780198842101.003.0003
D. Boonin
This chapter provides an extensive defense of the second premise of the book’s central argument: the claim that if it is possible for an act to wrongfully harm a person while they are alive even if the act has no effect on the person’s conscious experiences, then frustrating a person’s desires is one way to harm a person. The chapter begins by offering a defense of this claim. It argues that we should accept the Desire Satisfaction Principle if unfelt harm is possible because accepting the principle is necessary in order to provide the best explanation of the fact that unfelt harm is possible. It then considers a series of objections that can be raised against the claim and responds to them.
本章为本书中心论点的第二个前提提供了广泛的辩护:如果一个行为有可能在一个人活着的时候错误地伤害他,即使这个行为对这个人的意识体验没有影响,那么挫败一个人的欲望就是伤害一个人的一种方式。本章一开始就对这种说法进行了辩护。它认为,如果无法感受到伤害是可能的,我们应该接受欲望满足原则,因为接受这一原则是必要的,以便为无法感受到伤害是可能的这一事实提供最好的解释。然后,它会考虑对索赔提出的一系列反对意见,并对它们作出回应。
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引用次数: 0
From Frustrated Desire to Posthumous Harm 从受挫的欲望到死后的伤害
Pub Date : 2019-10-17 DOI: 10.1093/oso/9780198842101.003.0004
D. Boonin
This chapter provides an extensive defense of the third premise of the book’s central argument: the claim that if frustrating a person’s desires is one way to harm a person then it is possible for an act to wrongfully harm a person even if the act takes place after the person is dead. After an overview, the chapter begins by presenting the basic reason for thinking that if the Desire Satisfaction Principle is true, then the Posthumous Harm Thesis is true. It then considers a series of objections that can be raised against the claim and responds to each of them.
本章为本书中心论点的第三个前提提供了广泛的辩护:如果挫败一个人的欲望是伤害一个人的一种方式,那么即使一个行为发生在这个人死后,也有可能对一个人造成错误的伤害。在概述之后,本章首先提出了如果欲望满足原则是正确的,那么死后伤害理论是正确的基本理由。然后,它会考虑对索赔提出的一系列反对意见,并对每一个异议作出回应。
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引用次数: 0
From Posthumous Harm to Posthumous Wrongs 从死后伤害到死后冤屈
Pub Date : 2019-10-17 DOI: 10.1093/oso/9780198842101.003.0005
D. Boonin
This chapter considers and responds to some additional objections that can be raised against the book’s thesis. These include objections that claim that the Posthumous Harm Thesis has unacceptable implications; objections that even if posthumous harm is possible it is not a kind of harm that makes an act even prima facie wrong, or at least not in a non-trivial way; and objections that claim that it is morally irrelevant or insignificant. The chapter then concludes by discussing some of the ethical implications of the book’s thesis for such issues as posthumous organ and gamete removal, posthumous publication of private documents, posthumous damage to graves and corpses, and posthumous punishment and restitution.
本章考虑并回应了一些额外的反对书的论点。这些反对意见包括,声称死后伤害论点具有不可接受的含义;反对意见认为,即使可能存在死后伤害但这种伤害不会使行为表面上看起来是错误的,或者至少不会以非琐碎的方式;反对意见认为这在道德上是无关紧要的。这一章最后讨论了本书论题的一些伦理含义,比如死后器官和配子的移除,死后私人文件的出版,死后对坟墓和尸体的破坏,死后的惩罚和赔偿。
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引用次数: 0
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Dead Wrong
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