Pub Date : 2023-12-13DOI: 10.31111/vegrus/2023.47.13
V. Akatov, T. V. Akatova, D. Afanasyev, T. G. Eskina, N. M. Sazonets, E. G. Sushkova
An increase in the dominant species participation in plant cover (increase in their projective cover, biomass, share in the total grass stand biomass) leads to change in the occurrence of many associated species, which may effect on the degree of difference (similarity) in the species composition of communities located in various habitats, and, accordingly, on the results of their classification. We considered this issue using the example of non-forest communities with high and low participation of certain dominants. The study area included the vicinity of the city of Maikop, the foothills and mountain ranges of the Western Caucasus (the basins of the Belaya and Bolshaya Laba rivers, 200–2500 m a. s. l.), as well as coastal areas of the Black Sea shelf and shallow areas of the Taman Bay of the Azov Sea (depths from 0.1 to 5 m). The objects of study were communities with varying degrees of participation of certain species, located in natural (semi-natural) and anthropogenic habitats of different types: 7 communities with the dominance of brown algae Ericaria bosphorica and Gongolaria barbata (Cystoseira sensu lato) (macrophytobenthos of the Black Sea), 6 — aquatic plants Zostera noltei and Z. marina (macrophytobenthos of the Azov Sea) and Solidago сanadensis (synanthropic communities), 5 each dominated by Calamagrostis arundinacea (subalpine meadows), Calamagrostis epigejos, Botriochloa ischaemum (low mountain meadows, synanthropic communities), Rubus caesius (edges and old fields) and Medicago falcata (synanthropic communities). Within each community 25–30 plots (0.5×0.5 m) were established. A sample of aboveground biomass was taken in each plot. For each of them were determined: 1) the weight of the wet biomass in general (W), the biomass of dominating (Wd) and associated species (Ws); 2) the degree of dominance (D = Wd / W), 3) the number and composition of associated species. For marine bottom communities, the Wd reflected the joint biomass of Ericaria bosphorica and Gongolaria barbata as well as Zostera noltei and Z. marina, respectively. In addition, since macrophytobenthos dominants may effect both negativly (competition) and positivly (protection, substrate) on other species, their participation in communities was assessed through absolute (Wd) biomass. From each series 10 samples with both the lowest (LD) and the highest (HD) dominant participation were selected. Data on species constancy in groups of LD biomass samples taken from 5 to 7 communities dominated by certain species were combined into one Table (infracenotic system, ICS), as well as data on species constancy in groups of samples with HD. The degree of differentiation of ICS with LD and with HD was assessed in two ways: 1) through the number of species considered as diagnostic for certain communities (the higher the number of such species, the higher the degree of differentiation of the ICS); 2) by visual comparison of the results of PCA-ordination of biomass samples with LD
{"title":"Inter-habitat differences in the species composition of plant communities with low and high participation of dominant species","authors":"V. Akatov, T. V. Akatova, D. Afanasyev, T. G. Eskina, N. M. Sazonets, E. G. Sushkova","doi":"10.31111/vegrus/2023.47.13","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31111/vegrus/2023.47.13","url":null,"abstract":"An increase in the dominant species participation in plant cover (increase in their projective cover, biomass, share in the total grass stand biomass) leads to change in the occurrence of many associated species, which may effect on the degree of difference (similarity) in the species composition of communities located in various habitats, and, accordingly, on the results of their classification. We considered this issue using the example of non-forest communities with high and low participation of certain dominants.\u0000\u0000The study area included the vicinity of the city of Maikop, the foothills and mountain ranges of the Western Caucasus (the basins of the Belaya and Bolshaya Laba rivers, 200–2500 m a. s. l.), as well as coastal areas of the Black Sea shelf and shallow areas of the Taman Bay of the Azov Sea (depths from 0.1 to 5 m). The objects of study were communities with varying degrees of participation of certain species, located in natural (semi-natural) and anthropogenic habitats of different types: 7 communities with the dominance of brown algae Ericaria bosphorica and Gongolaria barbata (Cystoseira sensu lato) (macrophytobenthos of the Black Sea), 6 — aquatic plants Zostera noltei and Z. marina (macrophytobenthos of the Azov Sea) and Solidago сanadensis (synanthropic communities), 5 each dominated by Calamagrostis arundinacea (subalpine meadows), Calamagrostis epigejos, Botriochloa ischaemum (low mountain meadows, synanthropic communities), Rubus caesius (edges and old fields) and Medicago falcata (synanthropic communities).\u0000\u0000Within each community 25–30 plots (0.5×0.5 m) were established. A sample of aboveground biomass was taken in each plot. For each of them were determined: 1) the weight of the wet biomass in general (W), the biomass of dominating (Wd) and associated species (Ws); 2) the degree of dominance (D = Wd / W), 3) the number and composition of associated species. For marine bottom communities, the Wd reflected the joint biomass of Ericaria bosphorica and Gongolaria barbata as well as Zostera noltei and Z. marina, respectively. In addition, since macrophytobenthos dominants may effect both negativly (competition) and positivly (protection, substrate) on other species, their participation in communities was assessed through absolute (Wd) biomass.\u0000\u0000From each series 10 samples with both the lowest (LD) and the highest (HD) dominant participation were selected. Data on species constancy in groups of LD biomass samples taken from 5 to 7 communities dominated by certain species were combined into one Table (infracenotic system, ICS), as well as data on species constancy in groups of samples with HD. The degree of differentiation of ICS with LD and with HD was assessed in two ways: 1) through the number of species considered as diagnostic for certain communities (the higher the number of such species, the higher the degree of differentiation of the ICS); 2) by visual comparison of the results of PCA-ordination of biomass samples with LD","PeriodicalId":142011,"journal":{"name":"Vegetation of Russia","volume":"12 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-12-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139005374","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-12-01DOI: 10.31111/vegrus/2023.47.24
M. A. Smirnova (Makarova)
Ladoga is the largest lake in Europe (with 17 870 km2 area, 838 km3 water volume, and 47/230 m average/maximum depths), it lies around connection of two large geological structures: the Baltic crystal Shield and Russian Platform (Isachenko, Reznikov 1996). The climate is characterized by frequent fronts of the Baltic, White and Barents seas, and prevalence of intensive cyclonic activity the whole year around. The Ladoga lake influences on the adjacent territories making climate smoother near its shores; the Karelian coast is characterized by soft winter, and longer vegetative and unfrosted periods (Ladoga…, 2000). In conformity to L. E. Nazarova (Nazarova, 2006), the annual atmosphere temperature has increased on 1.1–1.3 °С within 50 years (1951–2000) in this region. The study territory of North-Western Ladoga region is located in the southern area of the Baltic Crystaline Shield granite rock outcrops. The field researches were carry out on a key-site (35 km2) with the aim compile a large-scale vegetation map (M. 1 : 25 000). Landscape is heterogenic with rocks (granite and granodiarite, limnetic clay, pet) and complex relief (tops, slopes and foots of selgas, limnetic terraces and narrow selga depressions). The most easily reached sites of terraces and bogs were actively used as agricultural lands (up to 1940th by Finns, later on by Russians). The region is situated in taiga belt. Spruce, pine and small-leaved forests prevail in the study area, while meadows and bogs are less common. The most widespread are forests and woodlands with dominant Pinus sylvestris. The vegetation was described by methods according to principles of ecological-phytocoenotic classification (Gribova, Isachenko, 1972; Neshataev, 1987; Vasilevich, 1995; Methods ..., 2002). 93 relevés were performed on sample plots of 400 m2 or within the community boundaries. The following characteristics were taken into account: density, height and diameter of trees, composition and grass-shrub and moss-lichen layer cover (in percents). In pine forest shares of Pinus sylvestris (the number of trunks) are >5 units (in 10-point scale); sparse low-tree pine communities on rocks with tree density of less then 0.3 were classified as woodlands. Associations are distinguished according the species dominance in the herb layer and the combination of ecological-phytocoenotic groups. There are 5 groups of associations (Pineta cladinosa, Pineta hylocomiosa, Pineta nemoriherbosa, Pineta paludosa, Pineta sphagnosa), 12 associations and 11 variants established according to ecological-phytocoenotic classification. Forest and woodland assosiations of Pinus sylvestris of the NW Ladoga region: Pinetum cladinosum saxatilis (Table 1; Table 7, syntaxa 1–3; Fig. 2); Pinetum fruticulosum saxatilis (Table 2, relevés 1–9; Table 7, syntaxon 4); Pinetum vacciniosum (Table 2, relevés 10–12; Table 7, syntaxon 5; Fig. 4); Pinetum myrtillosum (Table 3, relevés 1–19; Table 7, syntaxa 6–8; Fig. 5а, б); Pinetum myrti
{"title":"Pine (Pinus sylvestris) forests and sparse forests of the Nothern-West Ladoga region","authors":"M. A. Smirnova (Makarova)","doi":"10.31111/vegrus/2023.47.24","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31111/vegrus/2023.47.24","url":null,"abstract":"Ladoga is the largest lake in Europe (with 17 870 km2 area, 838 km3 water volume, and 47/230 m average/maximum depths), it lies around connection of two large geological structures: the Baltic crystal Shield and Russian Platform (Isachenko, Reznikov 1996).\u0000\u0000The climate is characterized by frequent fronts of the Baltic, White and Barents seas, and prevalence of intensive cyclonic activity the whole year around. The Ladoga lake influences on the adjacent territories making climate smoother near its shores; the Karelian coast is characterized by soft winter, and longer vegetative and unfrosted periods (Ladoga…, 2000). In conformity to L. E. Nazarova (Nazarova, 2006), the annual atmosphere temperature has increased on 1.1–1.3 °С within 50 years (1951–2000) in this region.\u0000\u0000The study territory of North-Western Ladoga region is located in the southern area of the Baltic Crystaline Shield granite rock outcrops. The field researches were carry out on a key-site (35 km2) with the aim compile a large-scale vegetation map (M. 1 : 25 000). Landscape is heterogenic with rocks (granite and granodiarite, limnetic clay, pet) and complex relief (tops, slopes and foots of selgas, limnetic terraces and narrow selga depressions). The most easily reached sites of terraces and bogs were actively used as agricultural lands (up to 1940th by Finns, later on by Russians).\u0000\u0000The region is situated in taiga belt. Spruce, pine and small-leaved forests prevail in the study area, while meadows and bogs are less common. The most widespread are forests and woodlands with dominant Pinus sylvestris.\u0000\u0000The vegetation was described by methods according to principles of ecological-phytocoenotic classification (Gribova, Isachenko, 1972; Neshataev, 1987; Vasilevich, 1995; Methods ..., 2002). 93 relevés were performed on sample plots of 400 m2 or within the community boundaries. The following characteristics were taken into account: density, height and diameter of trees, composition and grass-shrub and moss-lichen layer cover (in percents). In pine forest shares of Pinus sylvestris (the number of trunks) are >5 units (in 10-point scale); sparse low-tree pine communities on rocks with tree density of less then 0.3 were classified as woodlands. Associations are distinguished according the species dominance in the herb layer and the combination of ecological-phytocoenotic groups.\u0000\u0000There are 5 groups of associations (Pineta cladinosa, Pineta hylocomiosa, Pineta nemoriherbosa, Pineta paludosa, Pineta sphagnosa), 12 associations and 11 variants established according to ecological-phytocoenotic classification.\u0000\u0000Forest and woodland assosiations of Pinus sylvestris of the NW Ladoga region: Pinetum cladinosum saxatilis (Table 1; Table 7, syntaxa 1–3; Fig. 2); Pinetum fruticulosum saxatilis (Table 2, relevés 1–9; Table 7, syntaxon 4); Pinetum vacciniosum (Table 2, relevés 10–12; Table 7, syntaxon 5; Fig. 4); Pinetum myrtillosum (Table 3, relevés 1–19; Table 7, syntaxa 6–8; Fig. 5а, б); Pinetum myrti","PeriodicalId":142011,"journal":{"name":"Vegetation of Russia","volume":"147 ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139021309","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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