The main purpose of the paper is to discuss issues related to the failure of the state in the context of selected areas of operation of transnational corporations (TNCs). The analysis presented in the paper showed that the state turs out to be ineffective with reference to transnational corporations in many areas of their operation (e.g. tax avoidance by TNCs, the use of their monopolistic position, their negative impact on the natural environment as well as economic sensitivity). The sustainable growth of the global economy requires actions not only in each country but also by international organisations and integrating groupings that could work out certain rules concerning compliance with tax regulations by TNCs and also more effective control over the business of those entities, including control over capital flows on a global scale. The problems discussed in the paper contribute to the main stream of research concerning the role of the state in market economy and the limited effectiveness of the state in exercising control over the operations of transnational corporations
{"title":"State failure in the context of the operations of transnational corporations","authors":"Czesława Pilarska","doi":"10.15611/PN.2020.10.7","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15611/PN.2020.10.7","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 The main purpose of the paper is to discuss issues related to the failure of the state in the context of selected areas of operation of transnational corporations (TNCs). The analysis presented in the paper showed that the state turs out to be ineffective with reference to transnational corporations in many areas of their operation (e.g. tax avoidance by TNCs, the use of their monopolistic position, their negative impact on the natural environment as well as economic sensitivity). The sustainable growth of the global economy requires actions not only in each country but also by international organisations and integrating groupings that could work out certain rules concerning compliance with tax regulations by TNCs and also more effective control over the business of those entities, including control over capital flows on a global scale. The problems discussed in the paper contribute to the main stream of research concerning the role of the state in market economy and the limited effectiveness of the state in exercising control over the operations of transnational corporations \u0000","PeriodicalId":142295,"journal":{"name":"Prace Naukowe Uniwersitetu Ekonomicznego we Wrocławiu","volume":"38 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116341308","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The system transformation of the 1990s for the majority of Polish small towns (STs) meant deep, unfavourable changes in the supralocal conditions of their local development (LD). As a result, they were affected by many negative phenomena. The COVID-19 pandemic has started socio-economic changes, the current predominant assessment of which is negative. Nevertheless, for Polish STs, instead of short-term reworsening their supralocal situation, these changes may turn out to be beneficial in the longer term. The article presents the expectations and observations of authorities in the field of pandemic-induced changes in the relations between their STs and the supralocal environment, as well as the planned, strategic reactions. The results of the research allowed conclusion that the changes in question in combination with the planned reactions have a significant stimulating potential in terms of LD. The article ends with recommendations for the use of information contained in the post-pandemic strategic governance of STs, in creating anti-crisis policies of states and in teaching practice
{"title":"Will small towns benefit? Expected COVID-19 pandemic-induced changes in supralocal relationships of Polish small towns and planned responses in the supralocal perspective of their local development strategic governance","authors":"A. Sztando","doi":"10.15611/PN.2020.10.09","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15611/PN.2020.10.09","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 The system transformation of the 1990s for the majority of Polish small towns (STs) meant deep, unfavourable changes in the supralocal conditions of their local development (LD). As a result, they were affected by many negative phenomena. The COVID-19 pandemic has started socio-economic changes, the current predominant assessment of which is negative. Nevertheless, for Polish STs, instead of short-term reworsening their supralocal situation, these changes may turn out to be beneficial in the longer term. The article presents the expectations and observations of authorities in the field of pandemic-induced changes in the relations between their STs and the supralocal environment, as well as the planned, strategic reactions. The results of the research allowed conclusion that the changes in question in combination with the planned reactions have a significant stimulating potential in terms of LD. The article ends with recommendations for the use of information contained in the post-pandemic strategic governance of STs, in creating anti-crisis policies of states and in teaching practice \u0000","PeriodicalId":142295,"journal":{"name":"Prace Naukowe Uniwersitetu Ekonomicznego we Wrocławiu","volume":"42 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122335611","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Łukasz Mach, D. Zmarzły, Irene J. Dabrowski, P. Fracz
The paper reports the results of a study concerned with the identification and definition of time and frequency parameters regarding the cyclical phenomenon on the housing construction market. The cyclical component analysis in the frequency domain was identified using fast Fourier transformation, while the identification of the cyclical component and the interdependence of variables was performed by application of coherence analysis. The research provided answers to the questions regarding active cyclical characteristics that form determinants affecting the condition of the housing market. The resulting knowledge can be useful in decision-making processes that take place in the housing construction market, both on the demand and supply side of this market, as well as helpful in assessing the anticipated prices on the housing market and the formation of speculative bubbles
{"title":"Application of FFT transformation and coherence analysis to identify the slow-changing cyclical component on the housing market","authors":"Łukasz Mach, D. Zmarzły, Irene J. Dabrowski, P. Fracz","doi":"10.15611/PN.2020.10.5","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15611/PN.2020.10.5","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 The paper reports the results of a study concerned with the identification and definition of time and frequency parameters regarding the cyclical phenomenon on the housing construction market. The cyclical component analysis in the frequency domain was identified using fast Fourier transformation, while the identification of the cyclical component and the interdependence of variables was performed by application of coherence analysis. The research provided answers to the questions regarding active cyclical characteristics that form determinants affecting the condition of the housing market. The resulting knowledge can be useful in decision-making processes that take place in the housing construction market, both on the demand and supply side of this market, as well as helpful in assessing the anticipated prices on the housing market and the formation of speculative bubbles \u0000","PeriodicalId":142295,"journal":{"name":"Prace Naukowe Uniwersitetu Ekonomicznego we Wrocławiu","volume":"16 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114270204","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Modern theories of economic growth emphasize the meaning of the investment in human capital as the most profitable. Although the positive relationship between public investment in human capital and the country’s economic development is commonly accepted, the answer to the question of whether the efficiency of this investment is crucial for welfare, is no longer so obvious. The aim of this study is to recognize the relationship between the technical efficiency of public spending on human capital and the economic development in the sample of 28 EU states. For this purpose DEA method was applied to evaluate the efficiency of public expenditure on healthcare and education in order to build human capital. Then, DEA scores were correlated with countries’ economic development indicators expressed by GDP per capita. The study proves that the commonly accepted dependency between the potential of human capital and countries’ welfare is not reflected in the correlation between countries’ GDP per capita and the DEA efficiency of public investment in human capital
{"title":"Does the efficiency of public investment in human capital affect the country’s economic development?","authors":"Grażyna Kozuń-Cieślak","doi":"10.15611/PN.2020.10.4","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15611/PN.2020.10.4","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 Modern theories of economic growth emphasize the meaning of the investment in human capital as the most profitable. Although the positive relationship between public investment in human capital and the country’s economic development is commonly accepted, the answer to the question of whether the efficiency of this investment is crucial for welfare, is no longer so obvious. The aim of this study is to recognize the relationship between the technical efficiency of public spending on human capital and the economic development in the sample of 28 EU states. For this purpose DEA method was applied to evaluate the efficiency of public expenditure on healthcare and education in order to build human capital. Then, DEA scores were correlated with countries’ economic development indicators expressed by GDP per capita. The study proves that the commonly accepted dependency between the potential of human capital and countries’ welfare is not reflected in the correlation between countries’ GDP per capita and the DEA efficiency of public investment in human capital \u0000","PeriodicalId":142295,"journal":{"name":"Prace Naukowe Uniwersitetu Ekonomicznego we Wrocławiu","volume":"46 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"117050082","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
: The period of transformation in Poland caused the increased interest in cluster policy. Initially, the focus was on their local development, but in later years the need to in ‑ ternationalize Polish cluster structures was increasingly emphasized. Clusters, which are a platform for cooperation and competition, have become an area of dynamic development of enterprises, and the Polish state has undertaken a number of initiatives to support them in the implementation of international initiatives. The aim of the study was to attempt to evaluate the Polish cluster policy over the 30 years of political transformation, with particular emphasis on the policy of cluster internationalization. For this purpose, the documents of the Polish Agency for Enterprise Development – Benchmarking of Clusters for 2010, 2012, 2014 and 2020 were analyzed. The author addressed the research question: Have Polish cluster struc ‑ tures been successfully internationalized during the 30 years of the political transformation?
{"title":"Polish cluster internationalization policy during the political transformation","authors":"Wiercioch Magdalena","doi":"10.15611/PN.2020.10.10","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15611/PN.2020.10.10","url":null,"abstract":": The period of transformation in Poland caused the increased interest in cluster policy. Initially, the focus was on their local development, but in later years the need to in ‑ ternationalize Polish cluster structures was increasingly emphasized. Clusters, which are a platform for cooperation and competition, have become an area of dynamic development of enterprises, and the Polish state has undertaken a number of initiatives to support them in the implementation of international initiatives. The aim of the study was to attempt to evaluate the Polish cluster policy over the 30 years of political transformation, with particular emphasis on the policy of cluster internationalization. For this purpose, the documents of the Polish Agency for Enterprise Development – Benchmarking of Clusters for 2010, 2012, 2014 and 2020 were analyzed. The author addressed the research question: Have Polish cluster struc ‑ tures been successfully internationalized during the 30 years of the political transformation?","PeriodicalId":142295,"journal":{"name":"Prace Naukowe Uniwersitetu Ekonomicznego we Wrocławiu","volume":"8 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127419917","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The main purpose of the paper is to assess the effectiveness of the eight-factor Beneish model in detecting manipulations in the financial statements of public companies listed on the Warsaw Stock Exchange. The research sample consists of 27 enterprises that were sanctioned at least once by the PFSA for irregularities in compliance with the IAS/ IFRS principles in the period 2006-2018. Empirical analysis proved that in the selected group of enterprises, the original version of the Beneish model is characterized by a relatively low degree of usefulness, thus it should be considered as an average tool supporting the work of auditors, statutory auditors and stock exchange investors, and at the same time a starting point for the further search for instruments to detect accounting violations, developed and adapted to conditions of the Polish capital market
{"title":"The effectiveness of the Beneish model in the detection of accounting violations – the example of companies sanctioned by the Polish Financial Supervision Authority","authors":"Michał Comporek","doi":"10.15611/PN.2020.10.02","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15611/PN.2020.10.02","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 The main purpose of the paper is to assess the effectiveness of the eight-factor Beneish model in detecting manipulations in the financial statements of public companies listed on the Warsaw Stock Exchange. The research sample consists of 27 enterprises that were sanctioned at least once by the PFSA for irregularities in compliance with the IAS/ IFRS principles in the period 2006-2018. Empirical analysis proved that in the selected group of enterprises, the original version of the Beneish model is characterized by a relatively low degree of usefulness, thus it should be considered as an average tool supporting the work of auditors, statutory auditors and stock exchange investors, and at the same time a starting point for the further search for instruments to detect accounting violations, developed and adapted to conditions of the Polish capital market \u0000","PeriodicalId":142295,"journal":{"name":"Prace Naukowe Uniwersitetu Ekonomicznego we Wrocławiu","volume":"20 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131083613","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pre-accession preparations and accession to the European Union were a significant institutional change for the transition countries. Non-EU countries such as Albania, Serbia, Ukraine, Belarus, Georgia and Russia have also undergone economic transition. Are the given macroeconomic results in the Central and Eastern Europe countries the effect of the EU membership or do they just result from the transformation from socialism to a market economy? This research aimed to compare the macroeconomic stability of two groups: the post-socialist EU-member countries vs. the non-EU countries. The method used in the study is a comparative analysis that employs a pentagon model of macroeconomic stabilization. The surveyed countries followed various transformation paths, but the achieved macroeconomic stability indicators are measurable and comparable. The results show that the countries belonging to the EU were characterized as having a higher level of macroeconomic stability
{"title":"Macroeconomic stability in transition economies as an effect of EU membership in light of a comparative analysis","authors":"Kamil Kotliński","doi":"10.15611/PN.2020.10.3","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15611/PN.2020.10.3","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 Pre-accession preparations and accession to the European Union were a significant institutional change for the transition countries. Non-EU countries such as Albania, Serbia, Ukraine, Belarus, Georgia and Russia have also undergone economic transition. Are the given macroeconomic results in the Central and Eastern Europe countries the effect of the EU membership or do they just result from the transformation from socialism to a market economy? This research aimed to compare the macroeconomic stability of two groups: the post-socialist EU-member countries vs. the non-EU countries. The method used in the study is a comparative analysis that employs a pentagon model of macroeconomic stabilization. The surveyed countries followed various transformation paths, but the achieved macroeconomic stability indicators are measurable and comparable. The results show that the countries belonging to the EU were characterized as having a higher level of macroeconomic stability \u0000","PeriodicalId":142295,"journal":{"name":"Prace Naukowe Uniwersitetu Ekonomicznego we Wrocławiu","volume":"104 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122339552","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
This paper deals with the phenomenon of networks in operations research using the example of a selected organization. The main research objective is to analyse and evaluate the network implications in the sector of global design and engineering service providers. In the course of the research, one representative organization in the sector was subjected to research in accordance with the adopted methodology using structured questionnaires. After a literature review, a model of strategic analysis in a network approach was chosen as a starting point for preparing the methodology. The case study clearly showed that the company cannot be classified as a network organization according to the adopted methodology despite the noted network qualities. Therefore, it is legitimate to indicate severe contradictions in the three areas examined: environment, strategy and organization. Future research could be twofold: related to organizational structures and strategies evolution as well as the incubation of more accurate research methods
{"title":"An assessment of a network approach in a project- based organization – a case study of a global engineering service provider","authors":"Małgorzata Nowakowska-Cicio","doi":"10.15611/PN.2020.10.06","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15611/PN.2020.10.06","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 This paper deals with the phenomenon of networks in operations research using the example of a selected organization. The main research objective is to analyse and evaluate the network implications in the sector of global design and engineering service providers. In the course of the research, one representative organization in the sector was subjected to research in accordance with the adopted methodology using structured questionnaires. After a literature review, a model of strategic analysis in a network approach was chosen as a starting point for preparing the methodology. The case study clearly showed that the company cannot be classified as a network organization according to the adopted methodology despite the noted network qualities. Therefore, it is legitimate to indicate severe contradictions in the three areas examined: environment, strategy and organization. Future research could be twofold: related to organizational structures and strategies evolution as well as the incubation of more accurate research methods \u0000","PeriodicalId":142295,"journal":{"name":"Prace Naukowe Uniwersitetu Ekonomicznego we Wrocławiu","volume":"39 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115991944","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
a component of students in Zachodniopomorskie Region. Uniwersytetu Ekonomicznego (10). Abstract: The article is part of the search for new generators of socio-economic development. The goal was to assess social trust (generalized, trust in public institutions) among students as current and future creators and disposers of this resource, and to verify the relationship between life satisfaction and trust in order to search for mechanisms to create it. The study was conducted in 2020 using the SWLS questionnaire extended with questions about social capital. The analyses were supplemented with statistics based on ESS data. The results con ‑ firmed the positive relationship between life satisfaction and trust, although its strength was determined by the dimension of trust which was positively correlated with the belief that the commune authorities supported social initiatives and the possibilities of influencing the func ‑ tioning of the commune. Life satisfaction and social trust as a component of social capital among students...
{"title":"Life satisfaction and social trust as a component of social capital among students in the Zachodniopomorskie Region","authors":"B. Będzik, S. Gołąb","doi":"10.15611/PN.2020.10.01","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15611/PN.2020.10.01","url":null,"abstract":"a component of students in Zachodniopomorskie Region. Uniwersytetu Ekonomicznego (10). Abstract: The article is part of the search for new generators of socio-economic development. The goal was to assess social trust (generalized, trust in public institutions) among students as current and future creators and disposers of this resource, and to verify the relationship between life satisfaction and trust in order to search for mechanisms to create it. The study was conducted in 2020 using the SWLS questionnaire extended with questions about social capital. The analyses were supplemented with statistics based on ESS data. The results con ‑ firmed the positive relationship between life satisfaction and trust, although its strength was determined by the dimension of trust which was positively correlated with the belief that the commune authorities supported social initiatives and the possibilities of influencing the func ‑ tioning of the commune. Life satisfaction and social trust as a component of social capital among students...","PeriodicalId":142295,"journal":{"name":"Prace Naukowe Uniwersitetu Ekonomicznego we Wrocławiu","volume":"8 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132044016","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The purpose of the article is to identify the propensity of decision-makers of the regulatory authority on the telecommunications market in Poland (Office of Electronic Communications, OEC) in making decisions under risk and uncertainty conditions and comparing them with a group of non-experts. The research outcomes reveal that decision-makers of the regulatory authority make in most cases decisions that are consistent with the prospect theory. In addition, OEC decision-makers in circumstances of uncertainty, retain the status quo and maintain a lower risk tendency in a decision-making situation with the same expected value but different variance. It was pointed out, at the same time, that their decisions did not differ from those taken by the group of non-experts. The findings presented in the article contribute to the discussion on the propensity of public decision-makers to make decisions under conditions of risk and uncertainty
{"title":"Regulatory decisions in the context of risk and uncertainty","authors":"P. Szkudlarek","doi":"10.15611/PN.2020.10.8","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15611/PN.2020.10.8","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 The purpose of the article is to identify the propensity of decision-makers of the regulatory authority on the telecommunications market in Poland (Office of Electronic Communications, OEC) in making decisions under risk and uncertainty conditions and comparing them with a group of non-experts. The research outcomes reveal that decision-makers of the regulatory authority make in most cases decisions that are consistent with the prospect theory. In addition, OEC decision-makers in circumstances of uncertainty, retain the status quo and maintain a lower risk tendency in a decision-making situation with the same expected value but different variance. It was pointed out, at the same time, that their decisions did not differ from those taken by the group of non-experts. The findings presented in the article contribute to the discussion on the propensity of public decision-makers to make decisions under conditions of risk and uncertainty \u0000","PeriodicalId":142295,"journal":{"name":"Prace Naukowe Uniwersitetu Ekonomicznego we Wrocławiu","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"134490158","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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