Pub Date : 2018-09-19DOI: 10.5772/INTECHOPEN.74170
G. K. Ramesh
In this chapter, three-dimensional Casson nanoliquid flow in two lateral directions past a porous space by Darcy-Forchheimer articulation is examined. The study includes the impact of uniform heat source/sink and convective boundary condition. The administer- ing partial differential equations are shaped to utilizing comparability changes into a set of nonlinear normal differential conditions which are fathomed numerically. The self-com - parative arrangements are gotten and contrasted and accessible information for uncom mon cases. The conduct of parameters is displayed graphically and examined for velocity, temperature, and nanoparticle volume part. It is discovered that temperature and nanoparticle volume fraction rise for enhancement of Forchheimer and porosity parameters.
{"title":"Darcy-Forchheimer Flow of Casson Nanofluid with Heat Source/Sink: A Three-Dimensional Study","authors":"G. K. Ramesh","doi":"10.5772/INTECHOPEN.74170","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5772/INTECHOPEN.74170","url":null,"abstract":"In this chapter, three-dimensional Casson nanoliquid flow in two lateral directions past a porous space by Darcy-Forchheimer articulation is examined. The study includes the impact of uniform heat source/sink and convective boundary condition. The administer- ing partial differential equations are shaped to utilizing comparability changes into a set of nonlinear normal differential conditions which are fathomed numerically. The self-com - parative arrangements are gotten and contrasted and accessible information for uncom mon cases. The conduct of parameters is displayed graphically and examined for velocity, temperature, and nanoparticle volume part. It is discovered that temperature and nanoparticle volume fraction rise for enhancement of Forchheimer and porosity parameters.","PeriodicalId":143843,"journal":{"name":"Heat and Mass Transfer - Advances in Modelling and Experimental Study for Industrial Applications","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-09-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121037058","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2018-09-19DOI: 10.5772/INTECHOPEN.76725
Dae-Won Cho
This chapter describes the procedure of modelling and analysis of molten pool behavior for submerged arc welding process with single and multi-electrodes. As submerged arc welding process is conducted under the covered flux, it is very difficult to extract the various arc shapes and its physical models such as arc heat flux, arc pressure, electromagnetic force, droplet impingement and heat source by consumed flux. This chapter suggests the way to extract the various arc models for submerged arc welding process for single and multi-wire electrodes. As the droplet movements in submerged arc welding process are different from the arc current, this chapter tries to make the flux-wall guided droplet impingement models for low current value (I < 500 A) and spray droplet impingement model for high current value. In high current single electrode submerged arc welding, the molten pool flow pattern for different electrode angle and welding signal wave forms (DC and AC) are analyzed. This chapter also modeled and analyzed the molten pool behaviors for multi-wire electrodes in submerged arc welding process with an arc interaction models for different current values.
{"title":"Modeling and Analysis of Molten Pool Behavior for Submerged Arc Welding Process with Single and Multi-Wire Electrodes","authors":"Dae-Won Cho","doi":"10.5772/INTECHOPEN.76725","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5772/INTECHOPEN.76725","url":null,"abstract":"This chapter describes the procedure of modelling and analysis of molten pool behavior for submerged arc welding process with single and multi-electrodes. As submerged arc welding process is conducted under the covered flux, it is very difficult to extract the various arc shapes and its physical models such as arc heat flux, arc pressure, electromagnetic force, droplet impingement and heat source by consumed flux. This chapter suggests the way to extract the various arc models for submerged arc welding process for single and multi-wire electrodes. As the droplet movements in submerged arc welding process are different from the arc current, this chapter tries to make the flux-wall guided droplet impingement models for low current value (I < 500 A) and spray droplet impingement model for high current value. In high current single electrode submerged arc welding, the molten pool flow pattern for different electrode angle and welding signal wave forms (DC and AC) are analyzed. This chapter also modeled and analyzed the molten pool behaviors for multi-wire electrodes in submerged arc welding process with an arc interaction models for different current values.","PeriodicalId":143843,"journal":{"name":"Heat and Mass Transfer - Advances in Modelling and Experimental Study for Industrial Applications","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-09-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128375684","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2018-09-19DOI: 10.5772/INTECHOPEN.76544
E. Quijada-Maldonado, Wytze G. Meidersma, André B. deHaan
Mass transfer efficiency study in extractive distillation with ionic liquids for the mixtures water-ethanol and toluene-methylcyclohexane has been carried out in this work. Ionic liquids for the separation of these mixtures overcome the performance of the common volatile organic solvents. However, these also showed higher viscosities. A rated-based analysis was performed in order to quantify the effect of the solvent viscosity and relative volatility on mass transfer efficiency. In addition to this, an experimental analysis of the mass transfer efficiency was carried out experimentally in an extractive distillation pilot plant. The results indicated that, high liquid viscosities of ionic liquids should not affect the mass transfer efficiency negatively if the produced relative volatilities are sufficiently higher than those produced by organic solvents. However, when the ionic liquid showed very high viscosities or this solvent was present in large concentrations inside the col- umn, the mass transfer efficiency decreases no matter how high the relative volatility is.
{"title":"Mass Transfer in Extractive Distillation when Using Ionic Liquids as Solvents","authors":"E. Quijada-Maldonado, Wytze G. Meidersma, André B. deHaan","doi":"10.5772/INTECHOPEN.76544","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5772/INTECHOPEN.76544","url":null,"abstract":"Mass transfer efficiency study in extractive distillation with ionic liquids for the mixtures water-ethanol and toluene-methylcyclohexane has been carried out in this work. Ionic liquids for the separation of these mixtures overcome the performance of the common volatile organic solvents. However, these also showed higher viscosities. A rated-based analysis was performed in order to quantify the effect of the solvent viscosity and relative volatility on mass transfer efficiency. In addition to this, an experimental analysis of the mass transfer efficiency was carried out experimentally in an extractive distillation pilot plant. The results indicated that, high liquid viscosities of ionic liquids should not affect the mass transfer efficiency negatively if the produced relative volatilities are sufficiently higher than those produced by organic solvents. However, when the ionic liquid showed very high viscosities or this solvent was present in large concentrations inside the col- umn, the mass transfer efficiency decreases no matter how high the relative volatility is.","PeriodicalId":143843,"journal":{"name":"Heat and Mass Transfer - Advances in Modelling and Experimental Study for Industrial Applications","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-09-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130147730","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2018-09-19DOI: 10.5772/INTECHOPEN.76448
Weibin Shi, Junliang Yang, Guang Li, Y. Zong, Xiaogang Yang
Bubble shapes have been assumed to be spherical in the currently available breakup models such as the one developed by Luo and Svendsen (1996). This particular breakup model has been widely accepted and implemented into CFD modelling of gas-liquid two-phase flows. However, simulation results obtained based on this model usually yield unreliable predictions about the breakage of very small bubbles. The incorporation of bubble shape variation into breakup models has rarely been documented in the study but the bubble shape plays an important role when considering the interactions with the surrounding turbulent eddies in turbulent bubbly flows, especially when the effects of bubble deformation, distortion and bubble internal pressure change are considered during the events of eddy-bubble collision. Thus, the assumption of spherical bubbles seems to be no longer appropriate in reflecting this phenomenon. This study proposes and implements an improved bubble breakup model, which accounts for the variation of bubble shapes when solving the population balance equations for CFD simulation of gas-liquid two-phase flows in bubble columns.
{"title":"Modelling of Bubbly Flow in Bubble Column Reactors with an Improved Breakup Kernel Accounting for Bubble Shape Variations","authors":"Weibin Shi, Junliang Yang, Guang Li, Y. Zong, Xiaogang Yang","doi":"10.5772/INTECHOPEN.76448","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5772/INTECHOPEN.76448","url":null,"abstract":"Bubble shapes have been assumed to be spherical in the currently available breakup models such as the one developed by Luo and Svendsen (1996). This particular breakup model has been widely accepted and implemented into CFD modelling of gas-liquid two-phase flows. However, simulation results obtained based on this model usually yield unreliable predictions about the breakage of very small bubbles. The incorporation of bubble shape variation into breakup models has rarely been documented in the study but the bubble shape plays an important role when considering the interactions with the surrounding turbulent eddies in turbulent bubbly flows, especially when the effects of bubble deformation, distortion and bubble internal pressure change are considered during the events of eddy-bubble collision. Thus, the assumption of spherical bubbles seems to be no longer appropriate in reflecting this phenomenon. This study proposes and implements an improved bubble breakup model, which accounts for the variation of bubble shapes when solving the population balance equations for CFD simulation of gas-liquid two-phase flows in bubble columns.","PeriodicalId":143843,"journal":{"name":"Heat and Mass Transfer - Advances in Modelling and Experimental Study for Industrial Applications","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-09-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123320645","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2018-09-19DOI: 10.5772/INTECHOPEN.74874
W. Sean
Computational fluid method (CFD) is popular in either large-scale or meso-scale simulations. One example is to establish a new pore-scale (m~μm) model of laboratory-scale sediment samples for estimating the dissociation rate of synthesized CO2 hydrate (CO2H) reported by Jeong. It is assumed that CO2H formed homogeneously in spherical pellets. In the bulk flow, concentration and temperature of liquid CO2 in water flow was analyzed by CFD method under high-pressure state. Finite volume method (FVM) were applied in a face-centered packing in unstructured mesh. At the surface of hydrate, a dissociation model has been employed. Surface mass and heat transfer between hydrate and water are both visualized. The initial temperature 253.15K of CO2H pellets dissociated due to ambient warm water flow of 276.15 and 282.15K and fugacity variation, ex. 2.01 and 1.23 MPa. Three tentative cases with porosity 74, 66, and 49% are individually simulated in this study. In the calculation, periodic conditions are imposed at each surface of packing. Numerical results of this work show good agreement with Nihous’model. Kinetic modeling by using 3D unstructured mesh and CFD scheme seems a simple tool, and could be easily extended to determine complex phenomena coupled with momentum, mass and heat transfer in the sediment samples.
{"title":"Direct Numerical Simulation of Hydrate Dissociation in Homogeneous Porous Media by Applying CFD Method: One Example of CO2 Hydrate","authors":"W. Sean","doi":"10.5772/INTECHOPEN.74874","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5772/INTECHOPEN.74874","url":null,"abstract":"Computational fluid method (CFD) is popular in either large-scale or meso-scale simulations. One example is to establish a new pore-scale (m~μm) model of laboratory-scale sediment samples for estimating the dissociation rate of synthesized CO2 hydrate (CO2H) reported by Jeong. It is assumed that CO2H formed homogeneously in spherical pellets. In the bulk flow, concentration and temperature of liquid CO2 in water flow was analyzed by CFD method under high-pressure state. Finite volume method (FVM) were applied in a face-centered packing in unstructured mesh. At the surface of hydrate, a dissociation model has been employed. Surface mass and heat transfer between hydrate and water are both visualized. The initial temperature 253.15K of CO2H pellets dissociated due to ambient warm water flow of 276.15 and 282.15K and fugacity variation, ex. 2.01 and 1.23 MPa. Three tentative cases with porosity 74, 66, and 49% are individually simulated in this study. In the calculation, periodic conditions are imposed at each surface of packing. Numerical results of this work show good agreement with Nihous’model. Kinetic modeling by using 3D unstructured mesh and CFD scheme seems a simple tool, and could be easily extended to determine complex phenomena coupled with momentum, mass and heat transfer in the sediment samples.","PeriodicalId":143843,"journal":{"name":"Heat and Mass Transfer - Advances in Modelling and Experimental Study for Industrial Applications","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-09-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116061539","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2018-09-19DOI: 10.5772/INTECHOPEN.76148
H. Wu, T. Chung
The surface tension gradient can result from releasing a surfactant from the liquid film or feeding a vapor into the liquid film, and the interfacial disturbance will be induced by them. The flowing phenomena were termed “Marangoni effect,” and the mass trans - fer performance was enhanced by the effect. The objective of this study was to apply the Marangoni effect, such as water vapors absorbed by the liquid film of triethylene glycol (TEG) solution, and to analysze mass transfer behaviors with and without sur factants’ addition in the liquid film. The interfacial disturbance resulted from the sur - face tension gradient was considered in this study, and the mass transfer behaviors for packed-bed absorbers were discussed to elucidate the influence of the Marangoni effect on the absorbers. It was observed that the trends of mass transfer rates could be increased significantly as the surfactant is added into the absorption system. Experimental results showed that feeding a vapor or adding a surfactant with lower surface tension and/or higher volatility in the liquid will result in the surface tension gradient on the gas-liquid interface. The induced flowing disturbance will lead to an increment of mass transfer rate for a gas-liquid contact system.
{"title":"Discussions of Effects of Surface Tension on Water Vapor Absorbed by Triethylene Glycol Solution Films","authors":"H. Wu, T. Chung","doi":"10.5772/INTECHOPEN.76148","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5772/INTECHOPEN.76148","url":null,"abstract":"The surface tension gradient can result from releasing a surfactant from the liquid film or feeding a vapor into the liquid film, and the interfacial disturbance will be induced by them. The flowing phenomena were termed “Marangoni effect,” and the mass trans - fer performance was enhanced by the effect. The objective of this study was to apply the Marangoni effect, such as water vapors absorbed by the liquid film of triethylene glycol (TEG) solution, and to analysze mass transfer behaviors with and without sur factants’ addition in the liquid film. The interfacial disturbance resulted from the sur - face tension gradient was considered in this study, and the mass transfer behaviors for packed-bed absorbers were discussed to elucidate the influence of the Marangoni effect on the absorbers. It was observed that the trends of mass transfer rates could be increased significantly as the surfactant is added into the absorption system. Experimental results showed that feeding a vapor or adding a surfactant with lower surface tension and/or higher volatility in the liquid will result in the surface tension gradient on the gas-liquid interface. The induced flowing disturbance will lead to an increment of mass transfer rate for a gas-liquid contact system.","PeriodicalId":143843,"journal":{"name":"Heat and Mass Transfer - Advances in Modelling and Experimental Study for Industrial Applications","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-09-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123591789","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2018-03-07DOI: 10.5772/INTECHOPEN.74113
D. Adair, K. Ismailov, Z. Bakenov
This chapter presents an investigation of the effectiveness of water cooling a battery module using a heat-sink prototype in the form of a thin copper helix tube within an aluminium block. A thermal model for the module containing six single cells is developed and numerically solved by coupling the heat energy transport equation with the fluid governing equations. The rate of generation of heat from the cells is calculated using a 2D model of a single cell with the resulting heat flux used as a Neumann boundary condition for the energy equation within a computational fluid dynamics code. Particular attention is given to the battery module operating in extreme ambient temperature conditions. The cooling strategy used is shown to satisfy two of the main concerns when managing the thermal performance of a battery module, that is, a suitable operating temperature range is maintained, and there is reasonable uniformity of temperature across the battery mod- ule. This should increase the battery cell life cycle together with enhancement of the charge and discharge performances. Variation of parameters such as the velocity of water within the tube and the number of turns used for the helix were investigated.
{"title":"Effectiveness of a Helix Tube to Water Cool a Battery Module","authors":"D. Adair, K. Ismailov, Z. Bakenov","doi":"10.5772/INTECHOPEN.74113","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5772/INTECHOPEN.74113","url":null,"abstract":"This chapter presents an investigation of the effectiveness of water cooling a battery module using a heat-sink prototype in the form of a thin copper helix tube within an aluminium block. A thermal model for the module containing six single cells is developed and numerically solved by coupling the heat energy transport equation with the fluid governing equations. The rate of generation of heat from the cells is calculated using a 2D model of a single cell with the resulting heat flux used as a Neumann boundary condition for the energy equation within a computational fluid dynamics code. Particular attention is given to the battery module operating in extreme ambient temperature conditions. The cooling strategy used is shown to satisfy two of the main concerns when managing the thermal performance of a battery module, that is, a suitable operating temperature range is maintained, and there is reasonable uniformity of temperature across the battery mod- ule. This should increase the battery cell life cycle together with enhancement of the charge and discharge performances. Variation of parameters such as the velocity of water within the tube and the number of turns used for the helix were investigated.","PeriodicalId":143843,"journal":{"name":"Heat and Mass Transfer - Advances in Modelling and Experimental Study for Industrial Applications","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-03-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124051200","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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