Pub Date : 2014-07-28DOI: 10.5957/icetech-2014-106
W. Spicer
The Arctic is one of the last frontiers. It is a potential source of abundant mineral resources. The consequences of a casualty caused by oil & gas exploration and exploitation are not internationally regulated. This paper considers how this situation has arisen and what may be done to remedy it.
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Pub Date : 2014-07-28DOI: 10.5957/icetech-2014-149
Heather A. Tomaszek, C. Bassler
Because U.S. Navy (USN) surface ships are not specifically designed for conducting Arctic operations, a study was performed to examine and identify options to increase the operability of existing ships in extreme cold weather environments. Previous research about Arctic operations was performed by the USN in the 1980s, however, as platforms and systems have changed and anticipated missions have shifted, updates to that research are needed. Possible means to mitigate identified challenges are discussed, along with materiel solutions from commercially available equipment. Items for a deployable kit for the USN oilers for cold weather operations are identified as a case study for cold weather kits on USN ships. Options for delivering the kit to the ship from shore were examined. These deployable kits can provide a means for USN surface ships to better operate in extreme cold environments and carry out required missions.
{"title":"Kits for the Enhancement of Surface Ship Operations in Cold Weather","authors":"Heather A. Tomaszek, C. Bassler","doi":"10.5957/icetech-2014-149","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5957/icetech-2014-149","url":null,"abstract":"Because U.S. Navy (USN) surface ships are not specifically designed for conducting Arctic operations, a study was performed to examine and identify options to increase the operability of existing ships in extreme cold weather environments. Previous research about Arctic operations was performed by the USN in the 1980s, however, as platforms and systems have changed and anticipated missions have shifted, updates to that research are needed. Possible means to mitigate identified challenges are discussed, along with materiel solutions from commercially available equipment. Items for a deployable kit for the USN oilers for cold weather operations are identified as a case study for cold weather kits on USN ships. Options for delivering the kit to the ship from shore were examined. These deployable kits can provide a means for USN surface ships to better operate in extreme cold environments and carry out required missions.","PeriodicalId":144949,"journal":{"name":"Day 4 Thu, July 31, 2014","volume":"33 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-07-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114339753","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2014-07-28DOI: 10.5957/icetech-2014-147
Tony Vollmers, Robert Hindley
Winterisation rules are currently used as a means to incorporate historic specification best practice for cold environment shipping into formal notation requirements to be specified for new designs. The background to the development and context of the winterisation rules is given and the transition between such owner led practices and class rule requirements is explored. Cases studies of real applications of the winterisation rules are used to identify practical solutions and key learning points. A review of the structure of winterisation rules in the context of the developing IMO Polar Code requirements is provided. A new approach to structuring and using winterisation rules based on functional requirements is outlined.
{"title":"Class Requirements and Practical Solutions to Winterisation","authors":"Tony Vollmers, Robert Hindley","doi":"10.5957/icetech-2014-147","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5957/icetech-2014-147","url":null,"abstract":"Winterisation rules are currently used as a means to incorporate historic specification best practice for cold environment shipping into formal notation requirements to be specified for new designs. The background to the development and context of the winterisation rules is given and the transition between such owner led practices and class rule requirements is explored. Cases studies of real applications of the winterisation rules are used to identify practical solutions and key learning points. A review of the structure of winterisation rules in the context of the developing IMO Polar Code requirements is provided. A new approach to structuring and using winterisation rules based on functional requirements is outlined.","PeriodicalId":144949,"journal":{"name":"Day 4 Thu, July 31, 2014","volume":"11 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-07-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127996174","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2014-07-28DOI: 10.5957/icetech-2014-141
Seong-Yeob Jeong, Kyungsik Choi, K. Kang, Seong-Rak Cho, C. Lee
We introduce a semi-empirical model that can determine a ship’s performance in level ice based on Lindqvist’s model and develop a simple model for calculating ice resistance. This model assumes that contact between the ship and the ice is a case of symmetrical collision, and two contact cases are considered. Crushing and submersion forces are calculated via Lindqvist’s formulas, and the breaking force is determined by a concept of energy consideration during ship and ice impact. The average difference between the predicted data and the model test data is about 4.6%, but the total resistance showed fairly close agreement with both. In addition, the friction coefficient may have considerable influence on breaking and submersion forces.
{"title":"A Semi-Empirical Method of Ice Resistance Prediction in Level Ice","authors":"Seong-Yeob Jeong, Kyungsik Choi, K. Kang, Seong-Rak Cho, C. Lee","doi":"10.5957/icetech-2014-141","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5957/icetech-2014-141","url":null,"abstract":"We introduce a semi-empirical model that can determine a ship’s performance in level ice based on Lindqvist’s model and develop a simple model for calculating ice resistance. This model assumes that contact between the ship and the ice is a case of symmetrical collision, and two contact cases are considered. Crushing and submersion forces are calculated via Lindqvist’s formulas, and the breaking force is determined by a concept of energy consideration during ship and ice impact. The average difference between the predicted data and the model test data is about 4.6%, but the total resistance showed fairly close agreement with both. In addition, the friction coefficient may have considerable influence on breaking and submersion forces.","PeriodicalId":144949,"journal":{"name":"Day 4 Thu, July 31, 2014","volume":"141 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-07-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122951420","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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