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Impacts of Climate Change on Agriculture and Aquaculture最新文献

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Mitigation of Climate Change Through Carbon Sequestration 通过碳封存减缓气候变化
Pub Date : 1900-01-01 DOI: 10.4018/978-1-7998-3343-7.ch003
Alkesha Naik, S. Gautam, K. Roy, J. Brema
Climate change is considered one of the burning issues and threats to the globe. One of the most important drivers of climate change is the increasing concentration of atmospheric greenhouse gases that trigger the altered climate patterns. Therefore, researchers are now tackling the adverse impact of climate change as well in minimizing the concentration and emissions of atmospheric greenhouse gases (i.e., carbon sequestration seems to be one of the most attractive choices for the researchers that could be useful for mitigating climate change conditions). The process deals with the capturing of atmospheric carbon dioxide (CO2) in various segments of natural ecosystems like soil, biological systems, oceans, thereby offsetting the adverse impact of climate change. In this review, the author examines the current scenario of carbon sequestration in the biosphere.
气候变化被认为是全球最紧迫的问题和威胁之一。气候变化最重要的驱动因素之一是大气中温室气体浓度的增加,它引发了气候模式的改变。因此,研究人员现在正在解决气候变化的不利影响以及减少大气温室气体的浓度和排放(即,碳封存似乎是研究人员最具吸引力的选择之一,可能有助于缓解气候变化条件)。该过程涉及在土壤、生物系统、海洋等自然生态系统的各个部分捕获大气中的二氧化碳,从而抵消气候变化的不利影响。在这篇综述中,作者探讨了生物圈中碳固存的现状。
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引用次数: 0
Industry 4.0-Based Large-Scale Symbiotic Systems for Sustainable Food Security in Namibia 基于工业4.0的纳米比亚可持续粮食安全大规模共生系统
Pub Date : 1900-01-01 DOI: 10.4018/978-1-7998-3343-7.ch009
Musti K. S. Sastry
Climatic changes can cause severe food and water shortages, and desert nations such as Namibia can be challenged more than other countries for obvious reasons. Dependency on imports for food and electricity in Namibia is continuous in recent times. However, Industry 4.0-based large-scale symbiotic systems can potentially help in achieving a sustainable food security regime, as they operate under controlled conditions. Namibia is blessed with abundant sunshine and land availability, and hence, ample opportunities do exist for producing solar energy, which is used to meet the energy requirements of symbiotic systems. This chapter examines typical local operating conditions and then makes a strong case for fully automated symbiotic systems that use low-cost desalination and renewable energies.
气候变化会导致严重的食物和水资源短缺,像纳米比亚这样的沙漠国家比其他国家面临的挑战更大,原因很明显。近年来,纳米比亚持续依赖进口食品和电力。然而,基于工业4.0的大规模共生系统可能有助于实现可持续的粮食安全制度,因为它们在受控条件下运行。纳米比亚有幸拥有充足的阳光和土地,因此,确实有充足的机会生产太阳能,用于满足共生系统的能源需求。本章考察了典型的当地操作条件,然后对使用低成本海水淡化和可再生能源的全自动共生系统进行了有力的论证。
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引用次数: 0
Understanding Water-Food-Energy Nexus in the Climate Change Era and the Roadmap to Implementation in South Africa 了解气候变化时代的水-粮食-能源关系及南非实施路线图
Pub Date : 1900-01-01 DOI: 10.4018/978-1-7998-3343-7.ch008
J. Nyika
WFE nexus is an important aspect in building sustainable economies. Water is used in food production while water supply and food processing require energy. Understanding the interrelationships of the nexus components is a growing interest for researchers and policymakers towards sustainable development. This chapter analyses the in-depth meaning of the WFE nexus, its importance, and its involved processes. The chapter also evaluates the effects of climate change on the nexus using case examples in South Africa. It also proposes a road map to facilitate better management of the nexus by recommending useful action plans. These action plans prioritize on baseline data collection, optimization of WFE nexus processes and cooperative management of resources, and climate change adaptation.
WFE联系是建设可持续经济的一个重要方面。水用于食品生产,而供水和食品加工需要能源。研究人员和决策者对可持续发展越来越感兴趣的是理解这些要素之间的相互关系。本章分析了WFE关系的深层含义、重要性及其涉及的过程。本章还以南非为例评估了气候变化对关系的影响。它还提出了一份路线图,通过建议有用的行动计划来促进更好地管理这种联系。这些行动计划优先考虑基线数据收集、优化WFE联系流程和资源合作管理以及适应气候变化。
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引用次数: 0
Vulnerability of Oasis Agriculture to Climate Change in Morocco 摩洛哥绿洲农业对气候变化的脆弱性
Pub Date : 1900-01-01 DOI: 10.4018/978-1-7998-3343-7.ch004
M. Ait-El-Mokhtar, A. Boutasknit, R. Ben-Laouane, M. Anli, Fatima El Amerany, Salma Toubali, Soufiane Lahbouki, S. Wahbi, A. Meddich
Morocco is considered one of the most threatened countries by climate change. Over the last century, oases ecosystems in this country showed a high vulnerability to climate variation, which has led to water scarcity, an increase in land salinity, and therefore, a decrease in agricultural production. Conscious of these issues, several solutions are initiated by the government to cope with climate change adverse effects. Many programs of rehabilitation were launched, and advanced researches are in progress in order to use some biofertilizers to improve tolerance of oasis crops to drought and salinity toward sustainable agriculture. The aim of this chapter is to give an overview of the impacts of climate change on oasis agriculture in Morocco and to provide potentially effective strategies to promote oasis agriculture under climate change. As a conclusion, the authors found that the use of different biofertilizers could be a potential strategy to mitigate climate change effects on oasis agriculture in Morocco.
摩洛哥被认为是受气候变化威胁最大的国家之一。在过去的一个世纪里,这个国家的绿洲生态系统对气候变化表现出高度的脆弱性,这导致了水资源短缺,土地盐度增加,因此,农业产量下降。意识到这些问题,政府提出了一些解决方案来应对气候变化的不利影响。许多修复项目已经启动,利用生物肥料提高绿洲作物对干旱和盐的耐受性,以实现可持续农业的先进研究正在进行中。本章的目的是概述气候变化对摩洛哥绿洲农业的影响,并提供在气候变化下促进绿洲农业的潜在有效策略。作为结论,这组作者发现,使用不同的生物肥料可能是缓解气候变化对摩洛哥绿洲农业影响的一种潜在策略。
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引用次数: 16
Effects of Climate Change and Anthropogenic Activities on Algivorous Cichlid Fish in Lake Tanganyika 气候变化和人类活动对坦噶尼喀湖食性慈鲷的影响
Pub Date : 1900-01-01 DOI: 10.4018/978-1-7998-3343-7.ch011
R. Munubi, H. Lamtane
Over the last century, water temperatures in Lake Tanganyika have risen due to climate change, which increased thermal stratification and reduced the magnitude of nutrient availability. A rise in temperature increases the C:N:P ratio resulting in a poor algal diet. In addition, lake littoral habitat is experiencing increased sediment load due to deforestation of the watershed caused by anthropogenic activities. Sediments cover benthic algae and reduce its nutritional value, consequently affecting the foraging behavior, distribution, and growth performance of algivorous fish. Algae and algivorous fish are an important link in the lake food chain; therefore, if the rise in temperature will continue as predicted, then this may have a cascading effect for the rest of the community in the food chain including human being. This, in turn, may contribute to food insecurity at local and regional levels. To counteract this adaptation and mitigation measures such as environmental monitoring systems and creating new opportunities should be considered.
在过去的一个世纪里,由于气候变化,坦噶尼喀湖的水温上升了,这增加了热分层,降低了营养物质的可用性。温度升高会增加碳氮磷比,导致藻类饮食不良。此外,由于人类活动造成的流域森林砍伐,湖泊沿岸生境的泥沙负荷正在增加。沉积物覆盖了底栖藻类,降低了底栖藻类的营养价值,从而影响了食性鱼类的觅食行为、分布和生长性能。藻类和食藻鱼类是湖泊食物链的重要一环;因此,如果气温继续上升,那么这可能会对包括人类在内的食物链中的其他社区产生连锁反应。这反过来又可能加剧地方和区域一级的粮食不安全。为了抵消这种适应和缓解,应考虑环境监测系统等措施和创造新的机会。
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引用次数: 1
Downscaling of Open Coarse Precipitation Data Using a Machine Learning Algorithm 使用机器学习算法的开放粗降水数据降尺度
Pub Date : 1900-01-01 DOI: 10.4018/978-1-7998-3343-7.ch001
Ismail Elhassnaoui, Zineb Moumen, Hicham Ezzine, Marwane Bel-lahcen, A. Bouziane, D. Ouazar, M. Hasnaoui
In this chapter, the authors propose a novel statistical model with a residual correction of downscaling coarse precipitation TRMM 3B43 product. The presented study was carried out over Morocco, and the objective is to improve statistical downscaling for TRMM 3B43 products using a machine learning algorithm. Indeed, the statistical model is based on the Transformed Soil Adjusted Vegetation Index (TSAVI), elevation, and distance from the sea. TSAVI was retrieved using the quantile regression method. Stepwise regression was implemented with the minimization of the Akaike information criterion and Mallows' Cp indicator. The model validation is performed using ten in-situ measurements from rain gauge stations (the most available data). The result shows that the model presents the best fit of the TRMM 3B43 product and good accuracy on estimating precipitation at 1km according to 𝑅2, RMSE, bias, and MAE. In addition, TSAVI improved the model accuracy in the humid bioclimatic stage and in the Saharan region to some extent due to its capacity to reduce soil brightness.
在这一章中,作者提出了一个新的统计模型与残差校正的降尺度粗降水TRMM 3B43产品。本研究在摩洛哥进行,目的是使用机器学习算法改善TRMM 3B43产品的统计降尺度。事实上,统计模型是基于转化土壤调整植被指数(TSAVI)、海拔和离海距离。使用分位数回归法检索TSAVI。采用Akaike信息准则和Mallows’Cp指标的最小化方法进行逐步回归。模型验证使用来自雨量站的10个原位测量(最可用的数据)进行。结果表明,该模型与TRMM 3B43产品的拟合效果最好,在1km降水的估计上,根据𝑅2、RMSE、bias和MAE的估计精度较高。此外,由于TSAVI具有降低土壤亮度的能力,在一定程度上提高了湿润生物气候阶段和撒哈拉地区的模式精度。
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引用次数: 0
Climate Change and Its Impact on Terrestrial Ecosystems 气候变化及其对陆地生态系统的影响
Pub Date : 1900-01-01 DOI: 10.4018/978-1-7998-3343-7.ch007
Banwari Dandotiya, H. K. Sharma
This chapter provides a general overview of the effects of climate change on the terrestrial ecosystem and is meant to set the stage for the specific papers. The discussion in this chapter focuses basically on the effects of climatic disturbances on terrestrial flora and fauna, including increasing global temperature and changing climatic patterns of terrestrial areas of the globe. Basically, climate disturbances derived increasing temperature and greenhouse gases have the ability to induce this phenomenon. Greenhouse gases are emitted by a number of sources in the atmosphere such as urbanization, industrialization, transportation, and population growth, so these contributing factors and its effects on climatic events like temperature rise, change precipitation pattern, extreme weather events, survival and shifting of biodiversity, seasonal disturbances, and effects on glaciers are relatively described in this chapter.
本章概述了气候变化对陆地生态系统的影响,并为具体的论文奠定了基础。本章主要讨论气候扰动对陆生动植物的影响,包括全球气温升高和全球陆生地区气候模式的变化。基本上,由温度升高和温室气体引起的气候扰动有能力诱发这一现象。大气中的温室气体排放有多种来源,如城市化、工业化、交通运输和人口增长,因此本章将相对描述这些促成因素及其对气候事件的影响,如温度上升、降水模式变化、极端天气事件、生物多样性的生存和转移、季节性干扰以及对冰川的影响。
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引用次数: 8
Impact of Thermal Stress on the Moroccan Argan Agroecosystem 热胁迫对摩洛哥坚果农业生态系统的影响
Pub Date : 1900-01-01 DOI: 10.4018/978-1-7998-3343-7.ch005
I. Ifaadassan, A. Karmaoui, M. Messouli, Houssam Ayt Ougougdal, M. Yacoubi, Abdelaziz Babqiqi
The argan tree is exclusively endemic in the drylands of Southwest Morocco, an agroecosystem of great ecological, cultural, and economic importance. The argan agroecosystem is already damaged. It is particularly vulnerable to climate change as well as the harsh natural conditions aggravated by the current population growth and the exploitation in excess of the production capacities. Unfortunately, during the 20th century, its area has been reduced by half. Current projections indicate an increase in temperature under climate scenarios. Anticipated climate change could accelerate this trend resulting in the argan tree degradation. To assess the climate change impact, the authors used the SDSM model at the argan agroecosystem scale and the thermal stress model to assess its vulnerability and estimate its tolerance response in relation to temperature stress for a projected climate in the near term (2010-2025 years). In this chapter, the authors explored the impact of climate change on the argan tree regeneration.
摩洛哥坚果树是摩洛哥西南部旱地特有的,是一个具有重要生态、文化和经济意义的农业生态系统。摩洛哥坚果农业生态系统已经遭到破坏。它特别容易受到气候变化以及因目前人口增长和过度开采而恶化的恶劣自然条件的影响。不幸的是,在20世纪,它的面积减少了一半。目前的预测表明,在各种气候情景下,气温将会上升。预期的气候变化可能加速这一趋势,导致摩洛哥坚果树退化。为了评估气候变化的影响,作者使用了在阿干农业生态系统尺度上的SDSM模型和热应力模型来评估其脆弱性,并估计其对近期(2010-2025年)气候预测的温度胁迫的耐受性响应。在本章中,作者探讨了气候变化对摩洛哥坚果树更新的影响。
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引用次数: 0
Sustainable Ecosystem Management 可持续生态系统管理
Pub Date : 1900-01-01 DOI: 10.4018/978-1-7998-3343-7.ch006
J. Nyika
Ecosystems are part of human wellbeing and their sustainable management is essential for the survival of the human race and biodiversity. This chapter explores the concept of sustainable ecosystem management (SEM), its principles, elements, faces, and implementation. SEM is defined as environmentally sensitive, ecosystem-based, and eco-regional based. Its successful implementation is therefore complex due to the different priorities of stakeholders, the scope of ecosystems, some of which are transboundary, and the ever-changing nature of these areas amidst environmental uncertainties. These aspects are vulnerable to political changes and reconciling them is difficult. This chapter proposes a five-step implementation plan on SEM that is pegged on adaptive management and holistic consideration of ecological resources. Using documented case studies, SEM is a proposed solution to ecosystem challenges of modern-day amidst hindrances of rising resource demand, population increase, and climate variability.
生态系统是人类福祉的一部分,对其进行可持续管理对人类和生物多样性的生存至关重要。本章探讨了可持续生态系统管理(SEM)的概念、原则、要素、面向和实施。生态环境管理被定义为环境敏感型、生态系统型和生态区域型。因此,由于利益攸关方的不同优先事项、生态系统的范围(其中一些是跨界的)以及这些地区在环境不确定性中不断变化的性质,其成功实施是复杂的。这些方面容易受到政治变化的影响,调和它们是困难的。本章提出了以适应性管理和生态资源的整体考虑为基础的生态环境管理的五步实施计划。利用文献案例研究,SEM是一种针对现代生态系统挑战的解决方案,该解决方案受到资源需求上升、人口增长和气候变化的阻碍。
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引用次数: 1
Assessing Gender Equality in Climate Change Advocacy Campaign for Sustainable Agricultural Food Security in Uganda 乌干达可持续农业粮食安全气候变化倡导运动中的性别平等评估
Pub Date : 1900-01-01 DOI: 10.4018/978-1-7998-3343-7.ch010
W. Okaka
This chapter examines climate change and variability emergency disaster risks on agricultural food security of the local communities in Africa with a focus on gender equality lens in Uganda. Ugandan women contribute up to 75% of domestic food production and yet they are often overburdened with reproduction, household management, gender-specific discrimination, and adverse climate change effects like agricultural droughts, flash flooding, violent windstorms, or water stress. To ensure sustainable food security in the face of climate change vulnerability risks, the role of women is vital. Communication strategy to promote local climate information service (CIS) delivery system has been developed by the local government district planners in the park areas, but there is a lack of capacity to raise public awareness of the gender equality for the empowerment of women and girls for sustainable food security through agriculture production in Uganda for enhanced livelihood assets.
本章以乌干达的性别平等为重点,探讨了气候变化和变率对非洲当地社区农业粮食安全的紧急灾害风险。乌干达妇女贡献了高达75%的国内粮食生产,但她们往往在生育、家务管理、性别歧视以及农业干旱、山洪暴发、猛烈风暴或水资源紧张等不利气候变化影响方面负担过重。面对气候变化脆弱性风险,要确保可持续粮食安全,妇女的作用至关重要。当地政府区域规划者已经制定了促进当地气候信息服务(CIS)交付系统的沟通战略,但在乌干达,缺乏能力提高公众对性别平等的认识,从而通过农业生产赋予妇女和女孩权力,实现可持续粮食安全,从而增加生计资产。
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引用次数: 1
期刊
Impacts of Climate Change on Agriculture and Aquaculture
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