Pub Date : 2019-04-11DOI: 10.5772/INTECHOPEN.85419
Q. Xiong
Atmospheric-pressure plasma has been employed in various applications including bio-medicine, environmental pollution control, material processing. Diagnostic characterization of plasma sources is critical and indispensable for plasma control and achieving optimized treatment efficiency. In this chapter we will introduce several advanced optical techniques to visualize the detailed physicaland-chemical properties of atmospheric-pressure discharges. Non-invasive approaches of optical emission spectroscopy (OES), schlieren or shadowgraph, invasive methods of active laser spectroscopy including laser-induced fluorescence (LIF), laser or broadband absorption, cavity ring-down spectroscopy (CRDS), and laser scattering are illustrated. Basic plasma parameters of gas temperature, electron density and temperature, electric field strength, and reactive chemical gaseous species (O, H, N, OH, NO, O3, etc.) are able to be monitored. Comparisons and comments of these approaches are provided depending on diagnostic purposes.
{"title":"Advanced Optical Diagnostics of Atmospheric Pressure Plasma","authors":"Q. Xiong","doi":"10.5772/INTECHOPEN.85419","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5772/INTECHOPEN.85419","url":null,"abstract":"Atmospheric-pressure plasma has been employed in various applications including bio-medicine, environmental pollution control, material processing. Diagnostic characterization of plasma sources is critical and indispensable for plasma control and achieving optimized treatment efficiency. In this chapter we will introduce several advanced optical techniques to visualize the detailed physicaland-chemical properties of atmospheric-pressure discharges. Non-invasive approaches of optical emission spectroscopy (OES), schlieren or shadowgraph, invasive methods of active laser spectroscopy including laser-induced fluorescence (LIF), laser or broadband absorption, cavity ring-down spectroscopy (CRDS), and laser scattering are illustrated. Basic plasma parameters of gas temperature, electron density and temperature, electric field strength, and reactive chemical gaseous species (O, H, N, OH, NO, O3, etc.) are able to be monitored. Comparisons and comments of these approaches are provided depending on diagnostic purposes.","PeriodicalId":146216,"journal":{"name":"Atmospheric Pressure Plasma - from Diagnostics to Applications","volume":"13 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-04-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114196204","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2018-11-05DOI: 10.5772/INTECHOPEN.80433
F. Peeters, T. Butterworth
Atmospheric pressure dielectric barrier discharges (DBD) has many industrial applications and remains a focus of academic research. This chapter provides a thorough overview of electrical diagnostics for DBD, with a specific focus on charge-voltage measurement techniques. These methods are often underutilised in the existing scientific literature, despite the fact that they can provide useful insights into plasma behaviour. Both optimization of the electrical measurement setup and the interpretation of results are treated in-depth. The diagnostic techniques are discussed for a range of applications, from classic planar DBDs, to catalyst packed beds, plasma actuators, as well as techniques for measuring single microdischarges. [book: Plasma as the fourth state of matter is an ionized gas consisting of both negative and positive ions, electrons, neutral atoms, radicals, and photons. In the last few decades, atmospheric-pressure plasmas have started to attract increasing attention from both scientists and industry due to a variety of potential applications. Because of increasing interest in the topic, the focus of this book is on providing engineers and scientists with a fundamental understanding of the physical and chemical properties of different atmospheric-pressure plasmas via plasma diagnostic techniques and their applications. The book has been organized into two parts. Part I focuses on the latest achievements in advanced diagnostics of different atmospheric-pressure plasmas. Part II deals with applications of different atmospheric-pressure plasmas.]
{"title":"Electrical Diagnostics of Dielectric Barrier Discharges","authors":"F. Peeters, T. Butterworth","doi":"10.5772/INTECHOPEN.80433","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5772/INTECHOPEN.80433","url":null,"abstract":"Atmospheric pressure dielectric barrier discharges (DBD) has many industrial applications and remains a focus of academic research. This chapter provides a thorough overview of electrical diagnostics for DBD, with a specific focus on charge-voltage measurement techniques. These methods are often underutilised in the existing scientific literature, despite the fact that they can provide useful insights into plasma behaviour. Both optimization of the electrical measurement setup and the interpretation of results are treated in-depth. The diagnostic techniques are discussed for a range of applications, from classic planar DBDs, to catalyst packed beds, plasma actuators, as well as techniques for measuring single microdischarges.\u0000[book: Plasma as the fourth state of matter is an ionized gas consisting of both negative and positive ions, electrons, neutral atoms, radicals, and photons. In the last few decades, atmospheric-pressure plasmas have started to attract increasing attention from both scientists and industry due to a variety of potential applications. Because of increasing interest in the topic, the focus of this book is on providing engineers and scientists with a fundamental understanding of the physical and chemical properties of different atmospheric-pressure plasmas via plasma diagnostic techniques and their applications. The book has been organized into two parts. Part I focuses on the latest achievements in advanced diagnostics of different atmospheric-pressure plasmas. Part II deals with applications of different atmospheric-pressure plasmas.]","PeriodicalId":146216,"journal":{"name":"Atmospheric Pressure Plasma - from Diagnostics to Applications","volume":"13 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-11-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127998357","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2018-11-05DOI: 10.5772/INTECHOPEN.79480
Yury Gorbanev, A. Bogaerts
Non-thermal atmospheric pressure plasmas are widely used in biomedical research and clinical applications. Such plasmas generate a variety of reactive oxygen and nitrogen species upon interaction with ambient surroundings. These species further interact with a biological substrate and are responsible for the biomedical effects of plasma. Liquid water is an essential part of any biological systems. Some of the most reactive species induced by plasma in aqueous media are radicals and atoms. Hence, the presence of certain chemical components in a plasma ‘cocktail’ presents an important task for both understanding and further development of plasma systems with specific purposes. In this chapter, we discuss various methods of detection of the plasma-generated short-lived reactive species. We dissert various plasma-induced radicals and atoms (•OH, O 2 • − /•OOH, •NO, O), together with non-radical short-lived species ( − OONO, O 3 , 1 O 2 ). Electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) is the most direct method of radical detection in water-based media. Special attention is paid to the limitations of the detection methods, with an emphasis on spin trapping used in EPR analysis.
非热大气压等离子体广泛应用于生物医学研究和临床应用。这样的等离子体在与周围环境相互作用后产生多种活性氧和活性氮。这些物种进一步与生物基质相互作用，并负责等离子体的生物医学效应。液态水是任何生物系统的重要组成部分。等离子体在水介质中诱导的一些最活跃的物质是自由基和原子。因此，等离子体“鸡尾酒”中某些化学成分的存在为理解和进一步开发具有特定用途的等离子体系统提出了一项重要任务。在本章中，我们讨论了检测等离子体产生的短寿命反应物质的各种方法。我们研究了各种等离子体诱导的自由基和原子(•OH, O 2•−/•OOH，•NO, O)，以及非自由基短寿命物质(- ooo, O 3, 1 O 2)。电子顺磁共振(EPR)是水基介质中自由基检测最直接的方法。特别注意检测方法的局限性，重点是在EPR分析中使用的自旋捕获。
{"title":"Chemical Detection of Short-Lived Species Induced in Aqueous Media by Atmospheric Pressure Plasma","authors":"Yury Gorbanev, A. Bogaerts","doi":"10.5772/INTECHOPEN.79480","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5772/INTECHOPEN.79480","url":null,"abstract":"Non-thermal atmospheric pressure plasmas are widely used in biomedical research and clinical applications. Such plasmas generate a variety of reactive oxygen and nitrogen species upon interaction with ambient surroundings. These species further interact with a biological substrate and are responsible for the biomedical effects of plasma. Liquid water is an essential part of any biological systems. Some of the most reactive species induced by plasma in aqueous media are radicals and atoms. Hence, the presence of certain chemical components in a plasma ‘cocktail’ presents an important task for both understanding and further development of plasma systems with specific purposes. In this chapter, we discuss various methods of detection of the plasma-generated short-lived reactive species. We dissert various plasma-induced radicals and atoms (•OH, O 2 • − /•OOH, •NO, O), together with non-radical short-lived species ( − OONO, O 3 , 1 O 2 ). Electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) is the most direct method of radical detection in water-based media. Special attention is paid to the limitations of the detection methods, with an emphasis on spin trapping used in EPR analysis.","PeriodicalId":146216,"journal":{"name":"Atmospheric Pressure Plasma - from Diagnostics to Applications","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-11-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131020763","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2018-11-05DOI: 10.5772/INTECHOPEN.81425
K. Shimizu, J. Krištof, M. Blajan
Dielectric barrier discharge microplasma is a nonthermal plasma discharge at atmospheric pressure which due to the micrometer size dielectric layer between the grounded and high-voltage energized electrodes enables to drive the device at less than 1 kV. Microplasma is an economical and ecological alternative for conventional technologies used for NOx removal, indoor air cleaning, surface treatment of polymers, biomedical applications such as transdermal drug delivery, or as an actuator. In this chapter, microplasma applications such as indoor air purification, skin treatment for drug delivery, particle removal, and flow control are presented.
{"title":"Applications of Dielectric Barrier Discharge Microplasma","authors":"K. Shimizu, J. Krištof, M. Blajan","doi":"10.5772/INTECHOPEN.81425","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5772/INTECHOPEN.81425","url":null,"abstract":"Dielectric barrier discharge microplasma is a nonthermal plasma discharge at atmospheric pressure which due to the micrometer size dielectric layer between the grounded and high-voltage energized electrodes enables to drive the device at less than 1 kV. Microplasma is an economical and ecological alternative for conventional technologies used for NOx removal, indoor air cleaning, surface treatment of polymers, biomedical applications such as transdermal drug delivery, or as an actuator. In this chapter, microplasma applications such as indoor air purification, skin treatment for drug delivery, particle removal, and flow control are presented.","PeriodicalId":146216,"journal":{"name":"Atmospheric Pressure Plasma - from Diagnostics to Applications","volume":"20 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-11-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121594226","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2018-11-05DOI: 10.5772/INTECHOPEN.80315
F. Miranda, F. Caliari, A. Essiptchouk, Gilberto Pertraconi
Atmospheric plasma spray is probably the most versatile of all thermal spraying processes, because there are few limitations either on the materials that can be sprayed or the substrate, in relation to its material, size, and shape. The material precursor of the coating could be in the form of powders, wires, melted materials, solutions, or suspensions. What distinguishes the plasma spray process from other technologies is its applicability and capacity to process a wide variety of materials, including metallic and refractory materials at atmospheric pressure. The coatings properties are improved by deposition of coatings with finer microstructure, which is are more suitable for mechanical and thermal stresses than the lamellar microstructure of conventional plasma-sprayed coatings.
{"title":"Atmospheric Plasma Spray Processes: From Micro to Nanostructures","authors":"F. Miranda, F. Caliari, A. Essiptchouk, Gilberto Pertraconi","doi":"10.5772/INTECHOPEN.80315","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5772/INTECHOPEN.80315","url":null,"abstract":"Atmospheric plasma spray is probably the most versatile of all thermal spraying processes, because there are few limitations either on the materials that can be sprayed or the substrate, in relation to its material, size, and shape. The material precursor of the coating could be in the form of powders, wires, melted materials, solutions, or suspensions. What distinguishes the plasma spray process from other technologies is its applicability and capacity to process a wide variety of materials, including metallic and refractory materials at atmospheric pressure. The coatings properties are improved by deposition of coatings with finer microstructure, which is are more suitable for mechanical and thermal stresses than the lamellar microstructure of conventional plasma-sprayed coatings.","PeriodicalId":146216,"journal":{"name":"Atmospheric Pressure Plasma - from Diagnostics to Applications","volume":"6 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-11-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131709220","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2018-11-05DOI: 10.5772/INTECHOPEN.80635
Du Boxue, Hucheng Liang, Li Jin
A majority of the high voltage (HV) electrical equipment which has solid-gas insulation has suffered greatly from the accumulation of the surface charges gener-ated from the corona discharge. The local electric field may be distorted by the surface charge ’ s existence and in turn causes the surface flashover faults in excessive circumstances. Consequently, it ’ s significant to work out the mechanism of the procedure of the surface charge accumulation. A simulation model which combines both the charge trapping-detrapping procedure and the plasma hydrodynamics was created. The outcome of the simulation has agreed with the experimental results. The corona discharge intensity rises in the initial stage and then reduces as time goes by. There are various shapes of the surface potential distribution curves at various times. The central value increases quickly with time first and at last becomes saturated. Surface charges are observed in the epoxy insulator ’ s skin layer, some of them are mobile but some are captured by traps.
{"title":"Simulation on the Surface Charge Behaviors of Epoxy Insulator by Corona Discharge","authors":"Du Boxue, Hucheng Liang, Li Jin","doi":"10.5772/INTECHOPEN.80635","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5772/INTECHOPEN.80635","url":null,"abstract":"A majority of the high voltage (HV) electrical equipment which has solid-gas insulation has suffered greatly from the accumulation of the surface charges gener-ated from the corona discharge. The local electric field may be distorted by the surface charge ’ s existence and in turn causes the surface flashover faults in excessive circumstances. Consequently, it ’ s significant to work out the mechanism of the procedure of the surface charge accumulation. A simulation model which combines both the charge trapping-detrapping procedure and the plasma hydrodynamics was created. The outcome of the simulation has agreed with the experimental results. The corona discharge intensity rises in the initial stage and then reduces as time goes by. There are various shapes of the surface potential distribution curves at various times. The central value increases quickly with time first and at last becomes saturated. Surface charges are observed in the epoxy insulator ’ s skin layer, some of them are mobile but some are captured by traps.","PeriodicalId":146216,"journal":{"name":"Atmospheric Pressure Plasma - from Diagnostics to Applications","volume":"14 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-11-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"117315978","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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