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Adjusted fluoride concentrations and control ranges in 34 states - 2006-2010 and 2015. 调整了34个州2006-2010年和2015年的氟化物浓度和控制范围。
Laurie K Barker, Kip K Duchon, Srdjan Lesaja, Valerie A Robison, Scott M Presson

To inform selection of a control range around the Public Health Service's recommended 0.7 mg/L drinking water fluoride concentration to prevent tooth decay, CDC's Water Fluoridation Reporting System data for 2006-2010 and 2015 were analyzed. Monthly average concentration data from 4,251 fluoride-adjusted community water systems for 191,266 of 255,060 system-months (2006-2010) were compared to control ranges 0.6 mg/L to 0.2 mg/L wide. Percentages of system-months within control ranges ≥0.4 mg/L wide (e.g., ±0.2 mg/L) were >83% versus 68% for 0.2 mg/L wide (±0.1 mg/L). In 2015, 70% of adjusted systems maintained averages within ±0.1 mg/L of their system's annual average for 9 of 12 months, 67% used the 0.7 mg/L target and 45% used it with a ±0.1 mg/L control range. Adoption of the 0.7 mg/L target was underway but not completed in 2015. Control ranges narrower than ±0.2 mg/L may be feasible for monthly average fluoride concentration.

为了选择公共卫生服务建议的0.7 mg/L饮用水氟化物浓度的控制范围以防止蛀牙,CDC分析了2006-2010年和2015年的水氟化报告系统数据。在255,060个系统月(2006-2010年)中,4251个经氟化物调整的社区供水系统的月平均浓度数据为191,266个,与0.6毫克/升至0.2毫克/升的控制范围进行了比较。在控制范围≥0.4 mg/L宽(例如±0.2 mg/L)内的系统月百分比为50.83%,而0.2 mg/L宽(±0.1 mg/L)的系统月百分比为68%。2015年,70%的调整后的系统在12个月中有9个月的平均值保持在系统年平均值的±0.1 mg/L以内,67%的系统使用0.7 mg/L的目标,45%的系统使用±0.1 mg/L的控制范围。0.7毫克/升的目标正在实施中,但并未在2015年完成。月平均氟化物浓度控制范围小于±0.2 mg/L是可行的。
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引用次数: 0
Flint Water Crisis: What Happened and Why? 弗林特水危机:发生了什么,为什么?
Pub Date : 2016-12-01 DOI: 10.5942/jawwa.2016.108.0195
Susan J Masten, Simon H Davies, Shawn P Mcelmurry
The Flint River is a variable water source and thus a challenge to treat; oversights and missteps combined with inherent chemical conditions set the stage for the historic water crisis in Flint, Mich.
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引用次数: 128
The water supply of Rome. 罗马的供水系统。
H J Abrahams

The water delivery system developed by the Romans stands as a monument to the engineering ability of that city-state's water commissioners. This is an article about that system and, in particular, one of its ablest administrators--Frontinus.

罗马人开发的输水系统是该城邦供水专员工程能力的丰碑。这是一篇关于这个系统的文章,特别是关于它最能干的管理员之一——Frontinus。
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引用次数: 0
Co-operative sanitation in the Americas. 美洲的合作卫生。
H B GOTAAS
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引用次数: 0
Enemy water supply equipment. 敌军供水设备。
C W KARSTENS
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引用次数: 0
Bacterial oxidation of ammonia in circulating water. 循环水氨的细菌氧化。
J C HILL
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引用次数: 0
Army water supply in World War II. 第二次世界大战中的军队供水。
W A HARDENBERGH
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引用次数: 0
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