Russel D. Andrews, R. W. Baird, J. Calambokidis, C. Goertz, F. Gulland, Mads-Pieter Heide-Jorgensen, S. Hooker, Mark A. Johnson, B. Mate, Y. Mitani, D. Nowacek, K. Owen, L. Quakenbush, S. Raverty, J. Robbins, G. Schorr, O. Shpak, F. Townsend, M. Uhart, R. Wells, A. Zerbini
Animal-borne electronic instruments (tags) are valuable tools for collecting information on cetacean physiology, behaviour and ecology, and forenhancing conservation and management policies for cetacean populations. Tags allow researchers to track the movement patterns, habitat use andother aspects of the behaviour of animals that are otherwise difficult to observe. They can even be used to monitor the physiology of a taggedanimal within its changing environment. Such tags are ideal for identifying and predicting responses to anthropogenic threats, thus facilitating thedevelopment of robust mitigation measures. With the increasing need for data best provided by tagging and the increasing availability of tags, suchresearch is becoming more common. Tagging can, however, pose risks to the health and welfare of cetaceans and to personnel involved in taggingoperations. Here we provide ‘best practice’ recommendations for cetacean tag design, deployment and follow-up assessment of tagged individuals,compiled by biologists and veterinarians with significant experience in cetacean tagging. This paper is intended to serve as a resource to assist tagusers, veterinarians, ethics committees and regulatory agency staff in the implementation of high standards of practice, and to promote the trainingof specialists in this area. Standardised terminology for describing tag design and illustrations of tag types and attachment sites are provided, alongwith protocols for tag testing and deployment (both remote and through capture-release), including training of operators. The recommendationsemphasise the importance of ensuring that tagging is ethically and scientifically justified for a particular project and that tagging only be used toaddress bona fide research or conservation questions that are best addressed with tagging, as supported by an exploration of alternative methods.Recommendations are provided for minimising effects on individual animals (e.g. through careful selection of the individual, tag design and implantsterilisation) and for improving knowledge of tagging effects on cetaceans through increased post-tagging monitoring.
{"title":"Best practice guidelines for cetacean tagging","authors":"Russel D. Andrews, R. W. Baird, J. Calambokidis, C. Goertz, F. Gulland, Mads-Pieter Heide-Jorgensen, S. Hooker, Mark A. Johnson, B. Mate, Y. Mitani, D. Nowacek, K. Owen, L. Quakenbush, S. Raverty, J. Robbins, G. Schorr, O. Shpak, F. Townsend, M. Uhart, R. Wells, A. Zerbini","doi":"10.47536/jcrm.v20i1.237","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.47536/jcrm.v20i1.237","url":null,"abstract":"Animal-borne electronic instruments (tags) are valuable tools for collecting information on cetacean physiology, behaviour and ecology, and forenhancing conservation and management policies for cetacean populations. Tags allow researchers to track the movement patterns, habitat use andother aspects of the behaviour of animals that are otherwise difficult to observe. They can even be used to monitor the physiology of a taggedanimal within its changing environment. Such tags are ideal for identifying and predicting responses to anthropogenic threats, thus facilitating thedevelopment of robust mitigation measures. With the increasing need for data best provided by tagging and the increasing availability of tags, suchresearch is becoming more common. Tagging can, however, pose risks to the health and welfare of cetaceans and to personnel involved in taggingoperations. Here we provide ‘best practice’ recommendations for cetacean tag design, deployment and follow-up assessment of tagged individuals,compiled by biologists and veterinarians with significant experience in cetacean tagging. This paper is intended to serve as a resource to assist tagusers, veterinarians, ethics committees and regulatory agency staff in the implementation of high standards of practice, and to promote the trainingof specialists in this area. Standardised terminology for describing tag design and illustrations of tag types and attachment sites are provided, alongwith protocols for tag testing and deployment (both remote and through capture-release), including training of operators. The recommendationsemphasise the importance of ensuring that tagging is ethically and scientifically justified for a particular project and that tagging only be used toaddress bona fide research or conservation questions that are best addressed with tagging, as supported by an exploration of alternative methods.Recommendations are provided for minimising effects on individual animals (e.g. through careful selection of the individual, tag design and implantsterilisation) and for improving knowledge of tagging effects on cetaceans through increased post-tagging monitoring.","PeriodicalId":152057,"journal":{"name":"IWC Journal of Cetacean Research and Management","volume":"20 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116488044","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
H. Pavanato, Castaño Salazar, D. Lima, M. Paschoalini, N. Ristau, M. Marmontel
Given the difficulties and costs often associated with surveying cetaceans, enlisting members of the public to collect data offers a promisingalternative approach. Comparison of cetacean ‘participatory science’ (also known as ‘citizen science’) data with data collected during traditionalscientific studies helps reveal the strengths and weaknesses of a participatory science approach. With a large number of vessel operators on thewater throughout the year, including dolphin-oriented tour boats, the Hawaiian Islands offer an ideal study site to employ such a dual-methodcomparison. The study aimed to enhance understanding of nearshore dolphin distributions relative to bathymetry. Operators of tour and fishingvessels within the shallow Maui Nui basin of the Hawaiian Islands were recruited to report delphinid sightings. Researchers conducted standarddolphin surveys within the same region. The participatory science approach was successful in generating a large sample size of sightings from fivedifferent species. Findings here demonstrate the potential value of participatory science and of using a multimethod approach to infer odontocetedistribution trends relative to bathymetry in areas where both methods are feasible. Important refinements for future projects are highlighted.
{"title":"Density, abundance and group size of river dolphins (Inia geoffrensis and Sotalia fluviatilis) in Central Amazonia, Brazil","authors":"H. Pavanato, Castaño Salazar, D. Lima, M. Paschoalini, N. Ristau, M. Marmontel","doi":"10.47536/jcrm.v20i1.238","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.47536/jcrm.v20i1.238","url":null,"abstract":"Given the difficulties and costs often associated with surveying cetaceans, enlisting members of the public to collect data offers a promisingalternative approach. Comparison of cetacean ‘participatory science’ (also known as ‘citizen science’) data with data collected during traditionalscientific studies helps reveal the strengths and weaknesses of a participatory science approach. With a large number of vessel operators on thewater throughout the year, including dolphin-oriented tour boats, the Hawaiian Islands offer an ideal study site to employ such a dual-methodcomparison. The study aimed to enhance understanding of nearshore dolphin distributions relative to bathymetry. Operators of tour and fishingvessels within the shallow Maui Nui basin of the Hawaiian Islands were recruited to report delphinid sightings. Researchers conducted standarddolphin surveys within the same region. The participatory science approach was successful in generating a large sample size of sightings from fivedifferent species. Findings here demonstrate the potential value of participatory science and of using a multimethod approach to infer odontocetedistribution trends relative to bathymetry in areas where both methods are feasible. Important refinements for future projects are highlighted.","PeriodicalId":152057,"journal":{"name":"IWC Journal of Cetacean Research and Management","volume":"2534 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128693623","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Cetaceans were observed off the South coast of Sri Lanka in the month of April, every year over a seven-year period, 2007–13. During 48 days atsea a total of 290 cetacean sightings were recorded. Blue whales were abundant, accounting for 61% (n = 177) of all sightings. This concentrationof blue whales was predicted and discovered based on a migration hypothesis and there was evidence of the expected net westward movement inApril. Nevertheless, most blue whales seen were not obviously on passage and many appeared to be feeding. Mothers with calves and likelyreproductive behaviour (breaching and rushing) were also observed. There were five sightings of Bryde’s-type whales (B. brydei/edeni); four wereidentified as B. brydei, one was identified as B. edeni. Sperm whales were sighted 16 times within a narrow band centred just outside the 1,000misobath. Modal group size was 10–12; based on size most individuals appeared to be mature females or immatures. Spinner dolphin (n = 35 sightings)was the most abundant species, accounting for 67% of all cetaceans seen by number of individuals. They were frequently associated with tuna andseabirds. Risso’s dolphin was only seen once, despite being reported as common around Sri Lanka in the early 1980s. They were taken in largenumbers by local fisheries, which may have reduced local abundance. Other species recorded were: dwarf sperm whale (n = 3 sightings); shortfinnedpilot whale (n = 3); common bottlenose dolphin (n = 9); Indo-Pacific bottlenose dolphin (n = 3); pantropical spotted dolphin (n = 4); andstriped dolphin (n = 4). Since the discovery of blue whales off southern Sri Lanka, commercial whale watching centred on the fishing port of Mirissahas developed rapidly, bringing new revenue to the region but also the potential for disturbance to the whales.
{"title":"Observations of cetaceans off southern Sri Lanka, April 2007–2013","authors":"R. C. Anderson, A. Alagiyawadu","doi":"10.47536/jcrm.v20i1.236","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.47536/jcrm.v20i1.236","url":null,"abstract":"Cetaceans were observed off the South coast of Sri Lanka in the month of April, every year over a seven-year period, 2007–13. During 48 days atsea a total of 290 cetacean sightings were recorded. Blue whales were abundant, accounting for 61% (n = 177) of all sightings. This concentrationof blue whales was predicted and discovered based on a migration hypothesis and there was evidence of the expected net westward movement inApril. Nevertheless, most blue whales seen were not obviously on passage and many appeared to be feeding. Mothers with calves and likelyreproductive behaviour (breaching and rushing) were also observed. There were five sightings of Bryde’s-type whales (B. brydei/edeni); four wereidentified as B. brydei, one was identified as B. edeni. Sperm whales were sighted 16 times within a narrow band centred just outside the 1,000misobath. Modal group size was 10–12; based on size most individuals appeared to be mature females or immatures. Spinner dolphin (n = 35 sightings)was the most abundant species, accounting for 67% of all cetaceans seen by number of individuals. They were frequently associated with tuna andseabirds. Risso’s dolphin was only seen once, despite being reported as common around Sri Lanka in the early 1980s. They were taken in largenumbers by local fisheries, which may have reduced local abundance. Other species recorded were: dwarf sperm whale (n = 3 sightings); shortfinnedpilot whale (n = 3); common bottlenose dolphin (n = 9); Indo-Pacific bottlenose dolphin (n = 3); pantropical spotted dolphin (n = 4); andstriped dolphin (n = 4). Since the discovery of blue whales off southern Sri Lanka, commercial whale watching centred on the fishing port of Mirissahas developed rapidly, bringing new revenue to the region but also the potential for disturbance to the whales.","PeriodicalId":152057,"journal":{"name":"IWC Journal of Cetacean Research and Management","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129991523","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Seasonal and interannual (El Niño–La Niña) variations in dolphin distributions in the eastern tropical Pacific Ocean have not been quantified, inspite of an extensive research vessel database. Fisheries observer data from the yellowfin tuna purse-seine fishery, collected year-round from 1986through 2015, were used to construct a binned spatiotemporal dataset of the presence/absence of spotted, spinner and common dolphin schools bymonth and 1° area. Distribution patterns were predicted from generalised additive logistic regression models applied to the binned data, with dynamicpredictors of surface temperature and salinity, thermocline depth and a stratification index. The dolphin taxa, especially common dolphins, showsome niche separation in relation to these variables. Predicted distributions for each taxon showed seasonal and interannual differences. Spottedand spinner dolphins responded to changes in the position and size of the eastern Pacific warm pool and avoided the equatorial cold tongue inSeptember–October and during La Niña. Common dolphins responded to seasonal and interannual changes in the Costa Rica Dome, the cold tongue,and the coastal upwelling habitat along Baja California, Peru and Ecuador. These predicted temporal variations are consistent with changes inpreferred habitat driven by environmental variability.
{"title":"Seasonal and interannual variations in the distributions of tuna-associated dolphins in the eastern tropical Pacific Ocean","authors":"Paul C. Fielder, C. Lennert‐Cody","doi":"10.47536/jcrm.v20i1.240","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.47536/jcrm.v20i1.240","url":null,"abstract":"Seasonal and interannual (El Niño–La Niña) variations in dolphin distributions in the eastern tropical Pacific Ocean have not been quantified, inspite of an extensive research vessel database. Fisheries observer data from the yellowfin tuna purse-seine fishery, collected year-round from 1986through 2015, were used to construct a binned spatiotemporal dataset of the presence/absence of spotted, spinner and common dolphin schools bymonth and 1° area. Distribution patterns were predicted from generalised additive logistic regression models applied to the binned data, with dynamicpredictors of surface temperature and salinity, thermocline depth and a stratification index. The dolphin taxa, especially common dolphins, showsome niche separation in relation to these variables. Predicted distributions for each taxon showed seasonal and interannual differences. Spottedand spinner dolphins responded to changes in the position and size of the eastern Pacific warm pool and avoided the equatorial cold tongue inSeptember–October and during La Niña. Common dolphins responded to seasonal and interannual changes in the Costa Rica Dome, the cold tongue,and the coastal upwelling habitat along Baja California, Peru and Ecuador. These predicted temporal variations are consistent with changes inpreferred habitat driven by environmental variability.","PeriodicalId":152057,"journal":{"name":"IWC Journal of Cetacean Research and Management","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129480310","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Given the difficulties and costs often associated with surveying cetaceans, enlisting members of the public to collect data offers a promisingalternative approach. Comparison of cetacean ‘participatory science’ (also known as ‘citizen science’) data with data collected during traditionalscientific studies helps reveal the strengths and weaknesses of a participatory science approach. With a large number of vessel operators on thewater throughout the year, including dolphin-oriented tour boats, the Hawaiian Islands offer an ideal study site to employ such a dual-methodcomparison. The study aimed to enhance understanding of nearshore dolphin distributions relative to bathymetry. Operators of tour and fishingvessels within the shallow Maui Nui basin of the Hawaiian Islands were recruited to report delphinid sightings. Researchers conducted standarddolphin surveys within the same region. The participatory science approach was successful in generating a large sample size of sightings from fivedifferent species. Findings here demonstrate the potential value of participatory science and of using a multimethod approach to infer odontocetedistribution trends relative to bathymetry in areas where both methods are feasible. Important refinements for future projects are highlighted.
{"title":"Participatory science and directed survey methods: A case study with odontocetes in the Maui Nui region of the Hawaiian Islands","authors":"M. Howe, Marc O. Lammars, Robin W. Bair","doi":"10.47536/jcrm.v20i1.235","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.47536/jcrm.v20i1.235","url":null,"abstract":"Given the difficulties and costs often associated with surveying cetaceans, enlisting members of the public to collect data offers a promisingalternative approach. Comparison of cetacean ‘participatory science’ (also known as ‘citizen science’) data with data collected during traditionalscientific studies helps reveal the strengths and weaknesses of a participatory science approach. With a large number of vessel operators on thewater throughout the year, including dolphin-oriented tour boats, the Hawaiian Islands offer an ideal study site to employ such a dual-methodcomparison. The study aimed to enhance understanding of nearshore dolphin distributions relative to bathymetry. Operators of tour and fishingvessels within the shallow Maui Nui basin of the Hawaiian Islands were recruited to report delphinid sightings. Researchers conducted standarddolphin surveys within the same region. The participatory science approach was successful in generating a large sample size of sightings from fivedifferent species. Findings here demonstrate the potential value of participatory science and of using a multimethod approach to infer odontocetedistribution trends relative to bathymetry in areas where both methods are feasible. Important refinements for future projects are highlighted.","PeriodicalId":152057,"journal":{"name":"IWC Journal of Cetacean Research and Management","volume":"190 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116400910","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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