The study aimed to know the community of Camarines Norte State College-Labo Campus (CNSC-LC ) awareness and compliance with environmental laws. Specifically to: describe the profile of the respondents; determine the awareness and the compliance of the academic community with regards to R.A. 9003 (Ecological Solid Waste Management Act), R.A. 8749 (Philippine Clean Air Act), and R.A. 9275 (Philippine Clean Water Act); determine the sources of information on environmental laws, determine the relationship between the respondents profile and their awareness and compliance to environmental laws and describe the problems encountered in complying with the environmental laws.
Results revealed that respondents were most aware of R.A. 9003 (Ecological Solid Waste Management Act), followed by R.A. 8749 (Philippine Clean Air Act) and the least they were aware of was R.A. 9275 (Philippine Clean Water Act). The school had not conducted yet any seminar regarding the three environmental laws. The three most effective sources of information regarding the laws were television, first; followed by school lectures, second, and number three was through radio.
With regards to compliance to RA 9003, the majority of the respondents recycle wastes such as pieces of paper, plastic bottles, and other wastes coming from agricultural activities such as corn husk and rice hulls. Most of the respondents participate in activities related to solid waste management. On the other hand, they comply with the Clean Air Act by not engaging in burning wastes; did not smoke inside the school’s vicinity. However, the majority of the respondents helped in conserving water, in compliance with the Clean Water Act. Most of the respondents said they did not inject or allow any substance or material that may cause water pollution.
Findings show that the gender, age, and educational attainment of the respondents were not significantly related to the level of awareness and compliance to environmental laws of the CNSC-LC’s academic community. The top three most common problems encountered to comply with the three laws were the following: first was the negative attitude of the students, non-teaching personnel, and faculties involved in the implementation of the laws. The second was the lack of awareness and the last was the lack of discipline of the people towards the laws. It was recommended that to enhance the level of awareness on R.A. 9003, R.A. 8749, and R.A. 9275 related seminars, symposia, and other educational activities must be conducted.
{"title":"Academic Community Awareness and Compliance to Environmental Laws","authors":"Arden Peejay Ezaki, D. Vargas","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.3807135","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.3807135","url":null,"abstract":"The study aimed to know the community of Camarines Norte State College-Labo Campus (CNSC-LC ) awareness and compliance with environmental laws. Specifically to: describe the profile of the respondents; determine the awareness and the compliance of the academic community with regards to R.A. 9003 (Ecological Solid Waste Management Act), R.A. 8749 (Philippine Clean Air Act), and R.A. 9275 (Philippine Clean Water Act); determine the sources of information on environmental laws, determine the relationship between the respondents profile and their awareness and compliance to environmental laws and describe the problems encountered in complying with the environmental laws.<br><br>Results revealed that respondents were most aware of R.A. 9003 (Ecological Solid Waste Management Act), followed by R.A. 8749 (Philippine Clean Air Act) and the least they were aware of was R.A. 9275 (Philippine Clean Water Act). The school had not conducted yet any seminar regarding the three environmental laws. The three most effective sources of information regarding the laws were television, first; followed by school lectures, second, and number three was through radio.<br><br>With regards to compliance to RA 9003, the majority of the respondents recycle wastes such as pieces of paper, plastic bottles, and other wastes coming from agricultural activities such as corn husk and rice hulls. Most of the respondents participate in activities related to solid waste management. On the other hand, they comply with the Clean Air Act by not engaging in burning wastes; did not smoke inside the school’s vicinity. However, the majority of the respondents helped in conserving water, in compliance with the Clean Water Act. Most of the respondents said they did not inject or allow any substance or material that may cause water pollution.<br><br>Findings show that the gender, age, and educational attainment of the respondents were not significantly related to the level of awareness and compliance to environmental laws of the CNSC-LC’s academic community. The top three most common problems encountered to comply with the three laws were the following: first was the negative attitude of the students, non-teaching personnel, and faculties involved in the implementation of the laws. The second was the lack of awareness and the last was the lack of discipline of the people towards the laws. It was recommended that to enhance the level of awareness on R.A. 9003, R.A. 8749, and R.A. 9275 related seminars, symposia, and other educational activities must be conducted. <br><br>","PeriodicalId":152994,"journal":{"name":"AARN: Environmental Law (Topic)","volume":"235 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-03-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"117015072","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Cost-benefit analysis (“CBA”) is widely used in agency decisionmaking, summarizing the impacts of an agency’s chosen policy. As agency rulemakings have increased in quantity and importance, there has been renewed interest in improving transparency in decisionmaking, especially with respect to the models and data that underlie CBA. Recent proposals have been highly controversial. At least some of the controversy can be attributed to limited information about the usefulness of this type of transparency. This Article contributes to this debate by evaluating the current level of transparency in CBA and proposing incremental improvements. First, it suggests a new framework for thinking about transparency in CBA that includes two key dimensions: process transparency and policy transparency. A CBA that scores well on these two dimensions would allow interested parties to scrutinize agency action and hold decisionmakers more accountable. Second, it objectively evaluates the process transparency and policy transparency of a comprehensive set of CBAs for significant rules issued between October 2015 and September 2018. It uses a scorecard methodology, which scores whether a particular CBA met a number of different criteria related to transparency. The Article finds that many agency CBAs lack basic process transparency, meaning that their creation and role in the decisionmaking process is not clear. In addition, most CBAs continue to lack transparency about policy impacts, often failing to quantify and monetize costs and benefits. Among CBAs that do monetize at least some costs and benefits, most do not make their data, models, and underlying sources readily available online. In light of the results, the Article provides low-cost recommendations for improving transparency in CBA that could do more good than harm. In particular, while models used in the CBA and their inputs should be adequately described and made publicly available, it is premature to require that all underlying data from studies used in the CBA be made available. In line with this incremental approach to improving CBA transparency, we argue that the move toward adopting an “open policy framework” in government policy analysis should consider both the costs and the benefits carefully.
{"title":"Transparency in Agency Cost-Benefit Analysis","authors":"C. Cecot, R. Hahn","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.3531224","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.3531224","url":null,"abstract":"Cost-benefit analysis (“CBA”) is widely used in agency decisionmaking, summarizing the impacts of an agency’s chosen policy. As agency rulemakings have increased in quantity and importance, there has been renewed interest in improving transparency in decisionmaking, especially with respect to the models and data that underlie CBA. Recent proposals have been highly controversial. At least some of the controversy can be attributed to limited information about the usefulness of this type of transparency. \u0000 \u0000This Article contributes to this debate by evaluating the current level of transparency in CBA and proposing incremental improvements. First, it suggests a new framework for thinking about transparency in CBA that includes two key dimensions: process transparency and policy transparency. A CBA that scores well on these two dimensions would allow interested parties to scrutinize agency action and hold decisionmakers more accountable. Second, it objectively evaluates the process transparency and policy transparency of a comprehensive set of CBAs for significant rules issued between October 2015 and September 2018. It uses a scorecard methodology, which scores whether a particular CBA met a number of different criteria related to transparency. \u0000 \u0000The Article finds that many agency CBAs lack basic process transparency, meaning that their creation and role in the decisionmaking process is not clear. In addition, most CBAs continue to lack transparency about policy impacts, often failing to quantify and monetize costs and benefits. Among CBAs that do monetize at least some costs and benefits, most do not make their data, models, and underlying sources readily available online. In light of the results, the Article provides low-cost recommendations for improving transparency in CBA that could do more good than harm. In particular, while models used in the CBA and their inputs should be adequately described and made publicly available, it is premature to require that all underlying data from studies used in the CBA be made available. In line with this incremental approach to improving CBA transparency, we argue that the move toward adopting an “open policy framework” in government policy analysis should consider both the costs and the benefits carefully.","PeriodicalId":152994,"journal":{"name":"AARN: Environmental Law (Topic)","volume":"7 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-02-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121351178","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Environmental crimes can affect the air we breathe, water we drink, and the land we live on, making it essential to enforce environmental protection laws. Restorative justice conferencing provides a promising way to repair the harm occasioned, offering many benefits over traditional prosecution in court. However, it does have drawbacks and may not be suitable in all cases, raising the question of when it is appropriate to use when dealing with environmental offending. This article sheds light on the benefits and shortfalls of restorative justice in dealing with such offences, as well as proffering indicia that should be considered when assessing offender suitability to engage in conferencing – namely, offender responsibility, as evidenced through contrition and remorse. Such indicia can provide much-needed guidance to the courts, environmental agencies, and lawyers, which will be beneficial for the community and environment as a whole.
{"title":"The Ingredients of Success for Effective Restorative Justice Conferencing in an Environmental Offending Context","authors":"Hadeel Al-Alosi, Mark W. Hamilton","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.3495322","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.3495322","url":null,"abstract":"Environmental crimes can affect the air we breathe, water we drink, and the land we live on, making it essential to enforce environmental protection laws. Restorative justice conferencing provides a promising way to repair the harm occasioned, offering many benefits over traditional prosecution in court. However, it does have drawbacks and may not be suitable in all cases, raising the question of when it is appropriate to use when dealing with environmental offending. This article sheds light on the benefits and shortfalls of restorative justice in dealing with such offences, as well as proffering indicia that should be considered when assessing offender suitability to engage in conferencing – namely, offender responsibility, as evidenced through contrition and remorse. Such indicia can provide much-needed guidance to the courts, environmental agencies, and lawyers, which will be beneficial for the community and environment as a whole.","PeriodicalId":152994,"journal":{"name":"AARN: Environmental Law (Topic)","volume":"11 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128101519","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2015-07-03DOI: 10.24212/2179-3565.2015V6I3P50-62
Nathieli Dos Santos, Fernando de Almeida Santos
This paper leads with the study concerning the scarcity of water resources and focusing on taxes policies at the State of Sao Paulo, Brazil. Conceptually this work deals with sustainability, but focuses on taxes and classifies them regarding the use of water resources based on the Law 12.183 of December 29, 2005, promulgated in the State of Sao Paulo. The study shows the very important need that measures be taken by the federal government, in general, so that a change on sustainable investment policies may transform society and businesses habits, to become more conscious and sustainable; and so prevent the shortage of this vital resource for life.
{"title":"A Importância na Uniformidade da Tributação dos Recursos Hídricos (The Importance of having a Uniform Water Resources Tax)","authors":"Nathieli Dos Santos, Fernando de Almeida Santos","doi":"10.24212/2179-3565.2015V6I3P50-62","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.24212/2179-3565.2015V6I3P50-62","url":null,"abstract":"This paper leads with the study concerning the scarcity of water resources and focusing on taxes policies at the State of Sao Paulo, Brazil. Conceptually this work deals with sustainability, but focuses on taxes and classifies them regarding the use of water resources based on the Law 12.183 of December 29, 2005, promulgated in the State of Sao Paulo. The study shows the very important need that measures be taken by the federal government, in general, so that a change on sustainable investment policies may transform society and businesses habits, to become more conscious and sustainable; and so prevent the shortage of this vital resource for life.","PeriodicalId":152994,"journal":{"name":"AARN: Environmental Law (Topic)","volume":"36 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-07-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126527567","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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