Majority of mild Covid-19 patients are respiratory problems, however, patients with serious infections manifest some other organs in the body, including eyes. About 20% patients show conjunctivitis. Among children about 15% show eye infections. Prolonged sick patients also show changes on retina.
{"title":"Covid-19 Manifestation in The Adult and Paediatric Eyes.","authors":"","doi":"10.46940/cjoec.02.1005","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.46940/cjoec.02.1005","url":null,"abstract":"Majority of mild Covid-19 patients are respiratory problems, however, patients with serious infections manifest some other organs in the body, including eyes. About 20% patients show conjunctivitis. Among children about 15% show eye infections. Prolonged sick patients also show changes on retina.","PeriodicalId":158286,"journal":{"name":"Clinical Journal of Ophthalmology and Eye Care","volume":"2 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-10-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115536025","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Abstract For protection of environmental insults and clear vision the outer most surface (the cornea) of the human eye has to be kept moist with the secretion of the lacrimal gland. During old age (in both the genders) and certain physiological conditions (in females) the pathophysiological conditions of lacrimal gland alter which results in Dry/Wet eye. Most of the menopausal women and young males and females face dry eye disorder due to environmental insults and therefore, we hypothesize that the acinar cells of lacrimal gland should have estrogen receptors. In support of this earlier we have localized estrogen receptors on eye lens epithelial cells that also regulated by sex steroid hormones.
{"title":"Hormonal Regulation of the Dry Eye.","authors":"","doi":"10.46940/cjoec.02.1004","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.46940/cjoec.02.1004","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract For protection of environmental insults and clear vision the outer most surface (the cornea) of the human eye has to be kept moist with the secretion of the lacrimal gland. During old age (in both the genders) and certain physiological conditions (in females) the pathophysiological conditions of lacrimal gland alter which results in Dry/Wet eye. Most of the menopausal women and young males and females face dry eye disorder due to environmental insults and therefore, we hypothesize that the acinar cells of lacrimal gland should have estrogen receptors. In support of this earlier we have localized estrogen receptors on eye lens epithelial cells that also regulated by sex steroid hormones.","PeriodicalId":158286,"journal":{"name":"Clinical Journal of Ophthalmology and Eye Care","volume":"12 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-06-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127077146","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Abstract The eye is part of the sensory nervous system. However, there are a number of organ systems that also work with the eye. The retina is the only tissue in mammals that regulates photoreception due to the presence of photoreceptors, the rods and cones and performs both visual and non-visual functions Light plays a fundamental role in the behavior of almost all organisms. In addition to visual processes, light also induces important physiological responses. People with mild vascular disease that causes damage to the retina in the eye are more likely to have problems with thinking and memory skills. Everyone has a natural body clock that they are born with and all organs in the body operate according to biological rhythms. Our experiments with ophthalmic mutant rats also showed that the loss of vision also hampered their physiological activities and their rhythmicity was also disturbed. The menstrual cycle disturbances and age of menarche are regulated by many factors; nevertheless, blindness is one of the most impotent factors in regulating biological clock dependent functions. The human eyes are the only organs in the body capable of “seeing”- wavelengths of light and turning it into visual images. We can't “see” or get a visual image to the brain without eyes. The eye-like ability of skin to sense light by using a receptor (Cryptochrome) but failed to form image. Photoreceptors contain chemicals that change when they are hit by light. This causes an electrical signal, which is then sent to the brain along the optic nerve. Different types of photoreceptor allow us to see an enormous range of light and colours. There are two types of photoreceptors in the human retina, rods and cones. Rods are responsible for vision at low light levels (scotopic vision). They do not mediate colour vision and have a low spatial acuity. The blind: People who have lost their sight have different experiences. Some describe seeing complete darkness, like being in a cave. Some people see sparks or experience vivid visual hallucinations that may take the form of recognizable shapes, random shapes and colours, or flashes of light. An afterimage is an image that continues to appear in the eyes after a period of exposure to the original image. Afterimages occur because photochemical activity in the retina continues even when the eyes are no longer experiencing the original stimulus.
{"title":"Extra Visual Function of the Human Eye.","authors":"","doi":"10.46940/cjoec.02.1003","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.46940/cjoec.02.1003","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract The eye is part of the sensory nervous system. However, there are a number of organ systems that also work with the eye. The retina is the only tissue in mammals that regulates photoreception due to the presence of photoreceptors, the rods and cones and performs both visual and non-visual functions Light plays a fundamental role in the behavior of almost all organisms. In addition to visual processes, light also induces important physiological responses. People with mild vascular disease that causes damage to the retina in the eye are more likely to have problems with thinking and memory skills. Everyone has a natural body clock that they are born with and all organs in the body operate according to biological rhythms. Our experiments with ophthalmic mutant rats also showed that the loss of vision also hampered their physiological activities and their rhythmicity was also disturbed. The menstrual cycle disturbances and age of menarche are regulated by many factors; nevertheless, blindness is one of the most impotent factors in regulating biological clock dependent functions. The human eyes are the only organs in the body capable of “seeing”- wavelengths of light and turning it into visual images. We can't “see” or get a visual image to the brain without eyes. The eye-like ability of skin to sense light by using a receptor (Cryptochrome) but failed to form image. Photoreceptors contain chemicals that change when they are hit by light. This causes an electrical signal, which is then sent to the brain along the optic nerve. Different types of photoreceptor allow us to see an enormous range of light and colours. There are two types of photoreceptors in the human retina, rods and cones. Rods are responsible for vision at low light levels (scotopic vision). They do not mediate colour vision and have a low spatial acuity. The blind: People who have lost their sight have different experiences. Some describe seeing complete darkness, like being in a cave. Some people see sparks or experience vivid visual hallucinations that may take the form of recognizable shapes, random shapes and colours, or flashes of light. An afterimage is an image that continues to appear in the eyes after a period of exposure to the original image. Afterimages occur because photochemical activity in the retina continues even when the eyes are no longer experiencing the original stimulus.","PeriodicalId":158286,"journal":{"name":"Clinical Journal of Ophthalmology and Eye Care","volume":"70 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-05-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133632257","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Abstract We describe the case of an 11-year-old girl with a background of anisometropia and corneal scarring who had a misleading appearance of keratoconus. The patient initially presented at age 6 with a unilateral reduction of visual acuity (VA) in her left eye (6/15). There was also evidence of left corneal scarring which appeared chronic; possibly secondary to previous herpes simplex keratitis (HSK). She was treated with glasses and though her vision initially stabilized (VA 6/6 in both eyes), she was lost to follow-up due to multiple missed appointments. Her vision remained stable for 5 years before she presented with another reduction of VA in her left eye (6/48). The patient was investigated using Pentacam which showed ectatic changes suggestive of keratoconus. There was also progression of the corneal scar in her left eye. With an impression of active stromal herpetic keratitis, the patient was commenced on 200 mg Acyclovir TDS and Dexamethasone minims TDS. 2 months later, her VA improved to 6/7.5 in the left eye. Pentacam was then repeated and the astigmatism, as well as anterior steepening values had reduced. Considering this, clearly HSK had led to a misleading appearance of keratoconus upon initial imaging. This case highlights the potential false positive diagnosis of keratoconus that can occur in younger patients with HSK. Although pentacam results showed advanced ectasia, one should remain mindful of differential diagnoses; particularly seeking out any signs of herpetic eye disease and keeping a low threshold for appropriate treatment.
{"title":"Keratoconus: The Masquerade.","authors":"","doi":"10.46940/cjoec.01.1002","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.46940/cjoec.01.1002","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract We describe the case of an 11-year-old girl with a background of anisometropia and corneal scarring who had a misleading appearance of keratoconus. The patient initially presented at age 6 with a unilateral reduction of visual acuity (VA) in her left eye (6/15). There was also evidence of left corneal scarring which appeared chronic; possibly secondary to previous herpes simplex keratitis (HSK). She was treated with glasses and though her vision initially stabilized (VA 6/6 in both eyes), she was lost to follow-up due to multiple missed appointments. Her vision remained stable for 5 years before she presented with another reduction of VA in her left eye (6/48). The patient was investigated using Pentacam which showed ectatic changes suggestive of keratoconus. There was also progression of the corneal scar in her left eye. With an impression of active stromal herpetic keratitis, the patient was commenced on 200 mg Acyclovir TDS and Dexamethasone minims TDS. 2 months later, her VA improved to 6/7.5 in the left eye. Pentacam was then repeated and the astigmatism, as well as anterior steepening values had reduced. Considering this, clearly HSK had led to a misleading appearance of keratoconus upon initial imaging. This case highlights the potential false positive diagnosis of keratoconus that can occur in younger patients with HSK. Although pentacam results showed advanced ectasia, one should remain mindful of differential diagnoses; particularly seeking out any signs of herpetic eye disease and keeping a low threshold for appropriate treatment.","PeriodicalId":158286,"journal":{"name":"Clinical Journal of Ophthalmology and Eye Care","volume":"70 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-12-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122679538","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Abstract Objective: To analyze the causes of eye injury in ophthalmic patients and provide epidemiological data. Methods: With the approval of the hospital research committee, the records of 1137 patients (1610 eyes) who were admitted to Yichang hospital in Hubei province between January 2014 and December 2018 were reviewed in this retrospective study. Results: The ratio of male to female was 4.77:1 and the peak age was 20 to 49 years old. The occupation was mainly manual workers such as workers and farmers. There was no significant difference in the composition of eye injury between adjacent years in the past five years (χ2= 14.586, P = 0.367). Data analysis showed that the main causes of eye injury in our hospital were ocular contusion and perforation, with a proportion of 44.47% and 40.06% respectively. Among different eye injuries, the blindness rate of the eye penetrating injury was the highest (50.08%) and the blindness rate of the eye appendage injury was the lowest (0.77%) Conclusion: To improve the prevention and control of the incidence of eye injury, to provide information for the epidemiological investigation of eye injury in central China.
摘要目的:分析眼科患者眼部损伤的原因，提供流行病学资料。方法:经医院研究委员会批准，对2014年1月至2018年12月在湖北省宜昌医院住院的1137例患者(1610只眼)进行回顾性研究。结果:发病男女比例为4.77:1，发病高峰年龄为20 ~ 49岁。职业主要是体力劳动者，如工人和农民。近5年相邻年份间眼外伤构成差异无统计学意义(χ2= 14.586, P = 0.367)。数据分析显示，我院眼外伤的主要原因为眼挫伤和眼穿孔，分别占44.47%和40.06%。不同眼外伤中，眼穿透伤致盲率最高(50.08%)，眼附件伤致盲率最低(0.77%)。结论:加强对眼外伤发病率的预防和控制，为华中地区眼外伤流行病学调查提供信息。
{"title":"Analysis of Hospitalized Patients with Eye Injury in Central China.","authors":"","doi":"10.46940/cjoec.01.1001","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.46940/cjoec.01.1001","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Objective: To analyze the causes of eye injury in ophthalmic patients and provide epidemiological data. Methods: With the approval of the hospital research committee, the records of 1137 patients (1610 eyes) who were admitted to Yichang hospital in Hubei province between January 2014 and December 2018 were reviewed in this retrospective study. Results: The ratio of male to female was 4.77:1 and the peak age was 20 to 49 years old. The occupation was mainly manual workers such as workers and farmers. There was no significant difference in the composition of eye injury between adjacent years in the past five years (χ2= 14.586, P = 0.367). Data analysis showed that the main causes of eye injury in our hospital were ocular contusion and perforation, with a proportion of 44.47% and 40.06% respectively. Among different eye injuries, the blindness rate of the eye penetrating injury was the highest (50.08%) and the blindness rate of the eye appendage injury was the lowest (0.77%) Conclusion: To improve the prevention and control of the incidence of eye injury, to provide information for the epidemiological investigation of eye injury in central China.","PeriodicalId":158286,"journal":{"name":"Clinical Journal of Ophthalmology and Eye Care","volume":"5 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-11-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125103105","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
J. A. Robertson, M. Abdulaal, M. Moore, J. Coney, T. Tsai, T. Hull, A. Nothnagel, M. Adams, S. Lewis, M. Novak, J. Schartman, S. Pendergast, D. Miller, L. Rao, S. Platt
Objective/Purpose: To evaluate risks and impacts of COVID-19, SARS-CoV-2, on a private retina practice in Ohio and share initial strategies and guidelines to maintain a sustainable and safe practice. Design: A retrospective analysis was performed using outpatient clinic logs for patients seen during the first 10 weeks of 2020 and for 10 weeks during the COVID-19 pandemic. Methods: The number of visits, intravitreal injections and surgeries were analyzed for before and during the COVID-19 pandemic. Measures conducted initially to reduce the spread of COVID-19 and maintain pre-pandemic clinical care levels were discussed. Results: During the first month, there was a 57% decrease in the average number of visits (1147 SD±168, P= 0.001). Visit numbers steadily increased, especially after initiating COVID-19 testing to staff, to reach 2010 visits per week by the end of the study. Surgical cases saw a 40% drop in the first month post-pandemic. Mostly the decrease of surgeries was with epiretinal membrane peel surgeries (60% decrease). Surgical case numbers in the following weeks improved reaching similar averages by the end of the study, 43 vs. 39.8 (SD±11 cases, respectively) per week. Similarly, intravitreal injections during the first month of the pandemic averaged 852 (SD±122) per week and by the last 4 weeks of the study, the number of injections averaged 972 (SD±142) per week. During the pandemic, 69% (149) of employees received the antibody test. Five employees tested positive and were required to take 2019-nCoV RT-PCR test. Only one tested positive and was immediately quarantined for two weeks. Conclusion: The decrease in visits and surgeries during the early stages of the pandemic was reversed by the completion of the study. Initiation of frequent, rapid and early COVID-19 testing to staff, in addition to implementing preventive measurements in clinics, were essential to establish a safe clinical environment.
{"title":"Risk and Assessment of COVID-19 in a Retina Ophthalmologic Setting","authors":"J. A. Robertson, M. Abdulaal, M. Moore, J. Coney, T. Tsai, T. Hull, A. Nothnagel, M. Adams, S. Lewis, M. Novak, J. Schartman, S. Pendergast, D. Miller, L. Rao, S. Platt","doi":"10.46940/cjoec.03.1006","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.46940/cjoec.03.1006","url":null,"abstract":"Objective/Purpose: To evaluate risks and impacts of COVID-19, SARS-CoV-2, on a private retina practice in Ohio and share initial strategies and guidelines to maintain a sustainable and safe practice. \u0000Design: A retrospective analysis was performed using outpatient clinic logs for patients seen during the first 10 weeks of 2020 and for 10 weeks during the COVID-19 pandemic. \u0000Methods: The number of visits, intravitreal injections and surgeries were analyzed for before and during the COVID-19 pandemic. Measures conducted initially to reduce the spread of COVID-19 and maintain pre-pandemic clinical care levels were discussed.\u0000Results: During the first month, there was a 57% decrease in the average number of visits (1147 SD±168, P= 0.001). Visit numbers steadily increased, especially after initiating COVID-19 testing to staff, to reach 2010 visits per week by the end of the study. Surgical cases saw a 40% drop in the first month post-pandemic. Mostly the decrease of surgeries was with epiretinal membrane peel surgeries (60% decrease). Surgical case numbers in the following weeks improved reaching similar averages by the end of the study, 43 vs. 39.8 (SD±11 cases, respectively) per week. Similarly, intravitreal injections during the first month of the pandemic averaged 852 (SD±122) per week and by the last 4 weeks of the study, the number of injections averaged 972 (SD±142) per week. During the pandemic, 69% (149) of employees received the antibody test. Five employees tested positive and were required to take 2019-nCoV RT-PCR test. Only one tested positive and was immediately quarantined for two weeks. \u0000Conclusion: The decrease in visits and surgeries during the early stages of the pandemic was reversed by the completion of the study. Initiation of frequent, rapid and early COVID-19 testing to staff, in addition to implementing preventive measurements in clinics, were essential to establish a safe clinical environment.","PeriodicalId":158286,"journal":{"name":"Clinical Journal of Ophthalmology and Eye Care","volume":"83 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116101867","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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