Pub Date : 2014-09-11DOI: 10.1109/RePa.2014.6894843
T. Okubo, Yoshiro Wataguchi, Nobuyuki Kanaya
Recently cloud computing markets have expanded, and there are various kind of services and their providers. How-ever, Security is the primary concern of cloud users. However, service providers are unaware precisely of the types of security countermeasures required for their cloud servers. A method to define what the type security required for each operator using two security patterns are proposed. One is for typical threats and the other is for typical countermeasures. Using the two patterns with the relationship information among the functions, cloud components and stakeholders, the security coverage of the cloud and the security duties of each operator become clear.
{"title":"Threat and countermeasure patterns for cloud computing","authors":"T. Okubo, Yoshiro Wataguchi, Nobuyuki Kanaya","doi":"10.1109/RePa.2014.6894843","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/RePa.2014.6894843","url":null,"abstract":"Recently cloud computing markets have expanded, and there are various kind of services and their providers. How-ever, Security is the primary concern of cloud users. However, service providers are unaware precisely of the types of security countermeasures required for their cloud servers. A method to define what the type security required for each operator using two security patterns are proposed. One is for typical threats and the other is for typical countermeasures. Using the two patterns with the relationship information among the functions, cloud components and stakeholders, the security coverage of the cloud and the security duties of each operator become clear.","PeriodicalId":164550,"journal":{"name":"2014 IEEE 4th International Workshop on Requirements Patterns (RePa)","volume":"217 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-09-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126018264","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2014-09-11DOI: 10.1109/RePa.2014.6894842
Xiao Xuan, Ye Wang, Shanping Li
Nowadays mobile devices have rapidly developed. Privacy protection for mobile operating systems has become a hot topic in industry and research, which also brings new challenges. The scenarios in mobile operating systems are different from those in tradition systems. Users of mobile systems face more and more new risks in new scenarios. On the other hand, personal data is growing exponentially every day. It reminds us the importance of privacy protection is also increasing at the same time. In this paper, we study the privacy patterns for mobile operating systems. We elicit privacy-related requirements in three ways - knowledge from domain experts, literature review on public documents of existing mature systems and feedback from real users. Based on these requirements, we propose 7 privacy patterns which are presented with the RePa Requirements Pattern Template. All of these patterns were refined by professional business analysts which concrete the result of our work. We believe that our findings can help business analysts with the description for privacy requirements in future mobile operating system development projects.
{"title":"Privacy requirements patterns for mobile operating systems","authors":"Xiao Xuan, Ye Wang, Shanping Li","doi":"10.1109/RePa.2014.6894842","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/RePa.2014.6894842","url":null,"abstract":"Nowadays mobile devices have rapidly developed. Privacy protection for mobile operating systems has become a hot topic in industry and research, which also brings new challenges. The scenarios in mobile operating systems are different from those in tradition systems. Users of mobile systems face more and more new risks in new scenarios. On the other hand, personal data is growing exponentially every day. It reminds us the importance of privacy protection is also increasing at the same time. In this paper, we study the privacy patterns for mobile operating systems. We elicit privacy-related requirements in three ways - knowledge from domain experts, literature review on public documents of existing mature systems and feedback from real users. Based on these requirements, we propose 7 privacy patterns which are presented with the RePa Requirements Pattern Template. All of these patterns were refined by professional business analysts which concrete the result of our work. We believe that our findings can help business analysts with the description for privacy requirements in future mobile operating system development projects.","PeriodicalId":164550,"journal":{"name":"2014 IEEE 4th International Workshop on Requirements Patterns (RePa)","volume":"6 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-09-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133036942","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2014-09-11DOI: 10.1109/RePa.2014.6894840
Herbet de Souza Cunha, Julio Cesar Sampaio do Prado Leite
Patterns are an important concept for capturing and reusing Non-Functional Requirements (NFR) knowledge. This paper reports on the use of NFR patterns as a means for reusing cataloged information. In particular we stress its use for intentional models written in i*. This paper focuses on the NFR awareness and details some of its patterns. The integration with i* is done by means of specification patterns, which integrates the cataloged information with the i* model. An example is shown as to argue about the feasibility of our proposal.
{"title":"Reusing non-functional patterns in i∗ modeling","authors":"Herbet de Souza Cunha, Julio Cesar Sampaio do Prado Leite","doi":"10.1109/RePa.2014.6894840","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/RePa.2014.6894840","url":null,"abstract":"Patterns are an important concept for capturing and reusing Non-Functional Requirements (NFR) knowledge. This paper reports on the use of NFR patterns as a means for reusing cataloged information. In particular we stress its use for intentional models written in i*. This paper focuses on the NFR awareness and details some of its patterns. The integration with i* is done by means of specification patterns, which integrates the cataloged information with the i* model. An example is shown as to argue about the feasibility of our proposal.","PeriodicalId":164550,"journal":{"name":"2014 IEEE 4th International Workshop on Requirements Patterns (RePa)","volume":"10 3 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-09-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123547091","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2014-09-11DOI: 10.1109/RePa.2014.6894837
Chetan Arora, M. Sabetzadeh, L. Briand, Frank Zimmer
By enforcing predefined linguistic patterns on requirements statements, boilerplates serve as an effective tool for mitigating ambiguities and making Natural Language requirements more amenable to automation. For a boilerplate to be effective, one needs to check whether the boilerplate has been properly applied. This should preferably be done automatically, as manual checking of conformance to a boilerplate can be laborious and error prone. In this paper, we present insights into building an automatic solution for checking conformance to requirement boilerplates using Natural Language Processing (NLP). We present a generalizable method for casting requirement boilerplates into automated NLP pattern matchers and reflect on our practical experience implementing automated checkers for two well-known boilerplates in the RE community. We further highlight the use of NLP for identification of several problematic syntactic constructs in requirements which can lead to ambiguities.
{"title":"Requirement boilerplates: Transition from manually-enforced to automatically-verifiable natural language patterns","authors":"Chetan Arora, M. Sabetzadeh, L. Briand, Frank Zimmer","doi":"10.1109/RePa.2014.6894837","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/RePa.2014.6894837","url":null,"abstract":"By enforcing predefined linguistic patterns on requirements statements, boilerplates serve as an effective tool for mitigating ambiguities and making Natural Language requirements more amenable to automation. For a boilerplate to be effective, one needs to check whether the boilerplate has been properly applied. This should preferably be done automatically, as manual checking of conformance to a boilerplate can be laborious and error prone. In this paper, we present insights into building an automatic solution for checking conformance to requirement boilerplates using Natural Language Processing (NLP). We present a generalizable method for casting requirement boilerplates into automated NLP pattern matchers and reflect on our practical experience implementing automated checkers for two well-known boilerplates in the RE community. We further highlight the use of NLP for identification of several problematic syntactic constructs in requirements which can lead to ambiguities.","PeriodicalId":164550,"journal":{"name":"2014 IEEE 4th International Workshop on Requirements Patterns (RePa)","volume":"34 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-09-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127031185","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2014-09-11DOI: 10.1109/RePa.2014.6894844
Sylwia Kopczynska, J. Nawrocki
It is still an open question how to achieve a proper balance between the cost and value of requirements elicitation. When deciding to assign time and other resources to elicitation, one needs to know what its effectives would be. In the paper we investigate the Structured Elicitation of Non-functional Require-ments(SENoR) method. The method is composed of a sequence of short brainstorming sessions driven by ISO25010 quality characteristics. It uses Non-functional Requirements Templates (NoRTs) to support the elicitation process. Our exploratory case study on cost and effectiveness of SENoR and NoRTs included 7 projects that developed tailor-made web applications. The findings show that two 1.5-hour elicitation workshops can result in non-functional requirements of stability at the level of 80%.
{"title":"Using non-functional requirements templates for elicitation: A case study","authors":"Sylwia Kopczynska, J. Nawrocki","doi":"10.1109/RePa.2014.6894844","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/RePa.2014.6894844","url":null,"abstract":"It is still an open question how to achieve a proper balance between the cost and value of requirements elicitation. When deciding to assign time and other resources to elicitation, one needs to know what its effectives would be. In the paper we investigate the Structured Elicitation of Non-functional Require-ments(SENoR) method. The method is composed of a sequence of short brainstorming sessions driven by ISO25010 quality characteristics. It uses Non-functional Requirements Templates (NoRTs) to support the elicitation process. Our exploratory case study on cost and effectiveness of SENoR and NoRTs included 7 projects that developed tailor-made web applications. The findings show that two 1.5-hour elicitation workshops can result in non-functional requirements of stability at the level of 80%.","PeriodicalId":164550,"journal":{"name":"2014 IEEE 4th International Workshop on Requirements Patterns (RePa)","volume":"337 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-09-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122821939","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2014-09-11DOI: 10.1109/RePa.2014.6894838
M. Schraps, Maximilian Peters
The elicitation and formalization of natural language requirements are still a challenge of Requirements Engineering. The characteristics of such requirements are manifold: they need to be understandable to each of the stakeholders and they should be processable by computers, for example, to analyze or to trace requirements across many steps during the system development process. For this purpose, a controlled natural language (CNL) can be used to specify textual requirements. Thus, it is possible to define the allowed syntax of requirements, but this does not consider the semantic content. With semantic annotations of a formal grammar (so-called SemanticPatterns), it is possible to capture the semantic dependencies within textual requirements and to transform them into an ontology, and this ontology is used to check the consistency of whole requirement specifications and also between the specification and other design artifacts. This paper presents an approach using a formal grammar with semantic annotations to formalize textual requirements and to make it processable by computers. The formulation and consistency check of several automotive requirements are shown based on the prototypical tool GO-Editor.
{"title":"Semantic annotation of a formal grammar by SemanticPatterns","authors":"M. Schraps, Maximilian Peters","doi":"10.1109/RePa.2014.6894838","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/RePa.2014.6894838","url":null,"abstract":"The elicitation and formalization of natural language requirements are still a challenge of Requirements Engineering. The characteristics of such requirements are manifold: they need to be understandable to each of the stakeholders and they should be processable by computers, for example, to analyze or to trace requirements across many steps during the system development process. For this purpose, a controlled natural language (CNL) can be used to specify textual requirements. Thus, it is possible to define the allowed syntax of requirements, but this does not consider the semantic content. With semantic annotations of a formal grammar (so-called SemanticPatterns), it is possible to capture the semantic dependencies within textual requirements and to transform them into an ontology, and this ontology is used to check the consistency of whole requirement specifications and also between the specification and other design artifacts. This paper presents an approach using a formal grammar with semantic annotations to formalize textual requirements and to make it processable by computers. The formulation and consistency check of several automotive requirements are shown based on the prototypical tool GO-Editor.","PeriodicalId":164550,"journal":{"name":"2014 IEEE 4th International Workshop on Requirements Patterns (RePa)","volume":"295 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-09-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125749655","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2014-09-11DOI: 10.1109/RePa.2014.6894839
Olga De Troyer, Erik Janssens
In this paper, we presented an approach for domain-specific requirement elicitation. Building domain-specific software requires the expertise of people with very different background and with different levels of experience in software development. This complicates the process of requirement elicitation. The purpose of the approach is twofold. On the one hand, we want to unlock available information on requirement elicitation for particular domains. On the other hand, we want to provide a mechanism for guiding the stakeholders (non-computing as well as computing people) through the requirement elicitation process in these domains. The approach is based on Feature Modeling, a variability modeling technique used in Software Product Lines. Furthermore, a tablet app has been developed to support the approach. We demonstrate the approach for two different domains, the domain of serious games for children and the domain of e-shop web applications. A first evaluation of the approach and the tool has been done by means of two explorative case studies and resulted in positive feedbacks.
{"title":"A feature modeling approach for domain-specific requirement elicitation","authors":"Olga De Troyer, Erik Janssens","doi":"10.1109/RePa.2014.6894839","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/RePa.2014.6894839","url":null,"abstract":"In this paper, we presented an approach for domain-specific requirement elicitation. Building domain-specific software requires the expertise of people with very different background and with different levels of experience in software development. This complicates the process of requirement elicitation. The purpose of the approach is twofold. On the one hand, we want to unlock available information on requirement elicitation for particular domains. On the other hand, we want to provide a mechanism for guiding the stakeholders (non-computing as well as computing people) through the requirement elicitation process in these domains. The approach is based on Feature Modeling, a variability modeling technique used in Software Product Lines. Furthermore, a tablet app has been developed to support the approach. We demonstrate the approach for two different domains, the domain of serious games for children and the domain of e-shop web applications. A first evaluation of the approach and the tool has been done by means of two explorative case studies and resulted in positive feedbacks.","PeriodicalId":164550,"journal":{"name":"2014 IEEE 4th International Workshop on Requirements Patterns (RePa)","volume":"6 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-09-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131038939","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2014-09-11DOI: 10.1109/RePa.2014.6894841
Sarah Bouraga, Ivan Jureta, Stéphane Faulkner
This paper proposes requirements patterns for Online Social Networks (OSNs). Patterns are based on features observed on currently popular OSNs, and are defined as i-star models. Patterns are relevant for the requirements engineering of new OSNs. They can help in requirements elicitation, in order to avoid missing important OSN requirements. They can be used as basic models of OSN requirements, something that a modeler starts from, and then specializes and changes according to the specific requirements from OSN stakeholders.
{"title":"Requirements engineering patterns for the modeling of Online Social Networks features","authors":"Sarah Bouraga, Ivan Jureta, Stéphane Faulkner","doi":"10.1109/RePa.2014.6894841","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/RePa.2014.6894841","url":null,"abstract":"This paper proposes requirements patterns for Online Social Networks (OSNs). Patterns are based on features observed on currently popular OSNs, and are defined as i-star models. Patterns are relevant for the requirements engineering of new OSNs. They can help in requirements elicitation, in order to avoid missing important OSN requirements. They can be used as basic models of OSN requirements, something that a modeler starts from, and then specializes and changes according to the specific requirements from OSN stakeholders.","PeriodicalId":164550,"journal":{"name":"2014 IEEE 4th International Workshop on Requirements Patterns (RePa)","volume":"21 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-09-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122768561","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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