Pub Date : 2018-06-06DOI: 10.5772/INTECHOPEN.74858
Na Li
{"title":"Model Testing Based on Regression Spline","authors":"Na Li","doi":"10.5772/INTECHOPEN.74858","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5772/INTECHOPEN.74858","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":166064,"journal":{"name":"Topics in Splines and Applications","volume":"7 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-06-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128087042","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2018-06-06DOI: 10.5772/INTECHOPEN.74854
Taizhi Liu
Multivariate adaptive regression splines (MARSP) is a nonparametric regression method. It is an adaptive procedure which does not have any predetermined regression model. With that said, the model structure of MARSP is constructed dynamically and adaptively according to the information derived from the data. Because of its ability to capture essential nonlinearities and interactions, MARSP is considered as a great fit for high-dimension problems. This chapter gives an application of MARSP in semiconductor field, more spe -cifically, in standard cell characterization. The objective of standard cell characterization is to create a set of high-quality models of a standard cell library that accurately and efficiently capture cell behaviors. In this chapter, the MARSP method is employed to characterize the gate delay as a function of many parameters including process-voltage-temperature parameters. Due to its ability of capturing essential nonlinearities and inter- actions, MARSP method helps to achieve significant accuracy improvement.
{"title":"Multivariate Adaptive Regression Splines in Standard Cell Characterization for Nanometer Technology in Semiconductor","authors":"Taizhi Liu","doi":"10.5772/INTECHOPEN.74854","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5772/INTECHOPEN.74854","url":null,"abstract":"Multivariate adaptive regression splines (MARSP) is a nonparametric regression method. It is an adaptive procedure which does not have any predetermined regression model. With that said, the model structure of MARSP is constructed dynamically and adaptively according to the information derived from the data. Because of its ability to capture essential nonlinearities and interactions, MARSP is considered as a great fit for high-dimension problems. This chapter gives an application of MARSP in semiconductor field, more spe -cifically, in standard cell characterization. The objective of standard cell characterization is to create a set of high-quality models of a standard cell library that accurately and efficiently capture cell behaviors. In this chapter, the MARSP method is employed to characterize the gate delay as a function of many parameters including process-voltage-temperature parameters. Due to its ability of capturing essential nonlinearities and inter- actions, MARSP method helps to achieve significant accuracy improvement.","PeriodicalId":166064,"journal":{"name":"Topics in Splines and Applications","volume":"32 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-06-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122643213","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2018-06-06DOI: 10.5772/INTECHOPEN.74929
H. Florez, B. Borges
A common engineering task consists of interpolating a set of discrete points that arise from measurements and experiments. Another traditional requirement implies creating a curve that mimics a given array of points, namely, a polyline. Any of these problems require building an analytical representation of the given discrete set of points. If the geometrical shape represented by the input polyline is complicated, then we may expect that a global interpolant or polynomial will be of a high degree, to honor all imposed constraints, which makes its use prohibited. Indeed, a global interpolant often experiences inflection points and sudden changes in curvature. To avoid these drawbacks, we often seek solving the interpolation/approximation problem using piecewise polynomial func- tions called “ splines. ” rational B-spline curves and surfaces ( NURBS ).
{"title":"Scalar and Parametric Spline Curves and Surfaces","authors":"H. Florez, B. Borges","doi":"10.5772/INTECHOPEN.74929","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5772/INTECHOPEN.74929","url":null,"abstract":"A common engineering task consists of interpolating a set of discrete points that arise from measurements and experiments. Another traditional requirement implies creating a curve that mimics a given array of points, namely, a polyline. Any of these problems require building an analytical representation of the given discrete set of points. If the geometrical shape represented by the input polyline is complicated, then we may expect that a global interpolant or polynomial will be of a high degree, to honor all imposed constraints, which makes its use prohibited. Indeed, a global interpolant often experiences inflection points and sudden changes in curvature. To avoid these drawbacks, we often seek solving the interpolation/approximation problem using piecewise polynomial func- tions called “ splines. ” rational B-spline curves and surfaces ( NURBS ).","PeriodicalId":166064,"journal":{"name":"Topics in Splines and Applications","volume":"76 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-06-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115670220","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Complex and massive datasets can be easily accessed using the newly developed data acquisition technology. In spite of the fact that the smoothing spline ANOVA models have proven to be useful in a variety of fields, these datasets impose the challenges on the applications of the models. In this chapter, we present a selected review of the smoothing spline ANOVA models and highlight some challenges and opportunities in massive datasets. We review two approaches to significantly reduce the computational costs of fitting the model. One real case study is used to illustrate the performance of the reviewed methods.
{"title":"Smoothing Spline ANOVA Models and their Applications in Complex and Massive Datasets","authors":"Jingyi Zhang, Honghe Jin, Ye Wang, Xiaoxiao Sun, Ping Ma, Wenxuan Zhong","doi":"10.5772/INTECHOPEN.75861","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5772/INTECHOPEN.75861","url":null,"abstract":"Complex and massive datasets can be easily accessed using the newly developed data acquisition technology. In spite of the fact that the smoothing spline ANOVA models have proven to be useful in a variety of fields, these datasets impose the challenges on the applications of the models. In this chapter, we present a selected review of the smoothing spline ANOVA models and highlight some challenges and opportunities in massive datasets. We review two approaches to significantly reduce the computational costs of fitting the model. One real case study is used to illustrate the performance of the reviewed methods.","PeriodicalId":166064,"journal":{"name":"Topics in Splines and Applications","volume":"24 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-06-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122966211","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2018-06-06DOI: 10.5772/INTECHOPEN.74864
Maria de Lourdes Corzo-Cuesta, C. Alvarado-Serrano
Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is considered a risk factor for the development of car- diovascular disease. QT interval is an electrocardiographic parameter that quantifies the duration of ventricular repolarization. An increase of its spatial variability measured from the selected leads of a standard electrocardiogram (ECG), named QT dispersion (QTd), is considered a risk factor for malign ventricular arrhythmias and sudden death in the CKD. An algorithm for automatic measurement of QTd in the ECG leads DI, aVF and V2 using the continuous wavelet transform with splines is presented. Validation of QRS complex detection has been done on records from MIT-BIH database, and the accuracy is 99.5%. Validation of detection of QRS wave onset and T wave end has been done on records from CSE and QT databases, and the measurements were within the tolerance limits for deviations with respect to the manual measurements defined by the experts. The algorithm was applied in two studies. In the first study, QTd was evaluated in nor mal subjects and patients with CKD. In the second study, QTd was analyzed in patients with CKD before, during and after the hemodialysis treatment. In both studies, the algorithm had a good performance for the QTd analysis. This new algorithm is based on the multilead generalization of a previous algorithm for sin-gle-lead detection of characteristic points of the QRS complex and T wave. It includes the identification of more types of morphologies of these waves, which are common in the analy sis of several ECG leads and heart diseases. To evaluate its performance, ECG recordings of standard annotated databases MIT-BIH, QTDB and CSEDB were used. The results showed that the developed algorithm provides a reliable and accurate QRS detection and delineation of Qi and Te, with standard deviation of the errors within the tolerance limits for variations with respect to the measurements made by different experts. The QTd algorithm was applied in two studies. In the first one, QTd was evaluated as a discrimi nator of patients with CKD from normal subjects. The results showed that QTd was significantly larger in CKD patients than in normal subjects, which agrees with similar studies. In the second study, QTd was analyzed in four patients with CKD before, during and after the HD treatment. The results showed that all the patients have an increase of QTd during HD and post-HD, which has been associated with malign ventricular arrhythmias and sudden death in previous studies. Future applications of this algorithm will focus on to evaluate dispersion in other ECG ventricular activity intervals like JT (from S wave end to T wave end) and Tpe (from T wave peak to T wave end), in order to determine whether they improve the identification of CKD patients with risk of malign ventricular arrhythmias compared with QT dispersion.
{"title":"An Algorithm Based on the Continuous Wavelet Transform with Splines for the Automatic Measurement of QT Dispersion: Validation and Application in Chronic Kidney Disease","authors":"Maria de Lourdes Corzo-Cuesta, C. Alvarado-Serrano","doi":"10.5772/INTECHOPEN.74864","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5772/INTECHOPEN.74864","url":null,"abstract":"Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is considered a risk factor for the development of car- diovascular disease. QT interval is an electrocardiographic parameter that quantifies the duration of ventricular repolarization. An increase of its spatial variability measured from the selected leads of a standard electrocardiogram (ECG), named QT dispersion (QTd), is considered a risk factor for malign ventricular arrhythmias and sudden death in the CKD. An algorithm for automatic measurement of QTd in the ECG leads DI, aVF and V2 using the continuous wavelet transform with splines is presented. Validation of QRS complex detection has been done on records from MIT-BIH database, and the accuracy is 99.5%. Validation of detection of QRS wave onset and T wave end has been done on records from CSE and QT databases, and the measurements were within the tolerance limits for deviations with respect to the manual measurements defined by the experts. The algorithm was applied in two studies. In the first study, QTd was evaluated in nor mal subjects and patients with CKD. In the second study, QTd was analyzed in patients with CKD before, during and after the hemodialysis treatment. In both studies, the algorithm had a good performance for the QTd analysis. This new algorithm is based on the multilead generalization of a previous algorithm for sin-gle-lead detection of characteristic points of the QRS complex and T wave. It includes the identification of more types of morphologies of these waves, which are common in the analy sis of several ECG leads and heart diseases. To evaluate its performance, ECG recordings of standard annotated databases MIT-BIH, QTDB and CSEDB were used. The results showed that the developed algorithm provides a reliable and accurate QRS detection and delineation of Qi and Te, with standard deviation of the errors within the tolerance limits for variations with respect to the measurements made by different experts. The QTd algorithm was applied in two studies. In the first one, QTd was evaluated as a discrimi nator of patients with CKD from normal subjects. The results showed that QTd was significantly larger in CKD patients than in normal subjects, which agrees with similar studies. In the second study, QTd was analyzed in four patients with CKD before, during and after the HD treatment. The results showed that all the patients have an increase of QTd during HD and post-HD, which has been associated with malign ventricular arrhythmias and sudden death in previous studies. Future applications of this algorithm will focus on to evaluate dispersion in other ECG ventricular activity intervals like JT (from S wave end to T wave end) and Tpe (from T wave peak to T wave end), in order to determine whether they improve the identification of CKD patients with risk of malign ventricular arrhythmias compared with QT dispersion.","PeriodicalId":166064,"journal":{"name":"Topics in Splines and Applications","volume":"8 2","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-06-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"120908494","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2018-03-07DOI: 10.5772/INTECHOPEN.74853
Akhil Prasad, Atul Manmohan, Prabhakar Karthikeyan Shanmugam, D. Kothari
In this chapter, a comprehensive review is made on the application of cubic spline inter- polation techniques in the field of power systems. Domains like available transfer capability (ATC), electric arc furnace modeling, static var. compensation, voltage stability margin, and market power determination in deregulated electricity market are taken as samples to illustrate the significance of cubic spline interpolation. stability.
{"title":"Application of Cubic Spline Interpolation Technique in Power Systems: A Review","authors":"Akhil Prasad, Atul Manmohan, Prabhakar Karthikeyan Shanmugam, D. Kothari","doi":"10.5772/INTECHOPEN.74853","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5772/INTECHOPEN.74853","url":null,"abstract":"In this chapter, a comprehensive review is made on the application of cubic spline inter- polation techniques in the field of power systems. Domains like available transfer capability (ATC), electric arc furnace modeling, static var. compensation, voltage stability margin, and market power determination in deregulated electricity market are taken as samples to illustrate the significance of cubic spline interpolation. stability.","PeriodicalId":166064,"journal":{"name":"Topics in Splines and Applications","volume":"18 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-03-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124839011","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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