In a famous phrase, Philip Phillips (1955:246-247) stated that "New World archaeology is anthropology or it is nothing." A few years later, Robert Braidwood made a similar characterization for the Old World (see epigraph). That these well-established archaeologists were motivated to make such pronouncements indicates a sense of uncertainty even then of the relationship between archaeology and anthropology. This uncertainty has not abated, and nearly 50 years later the relationship has become more strained. Archaeology in the United States, as in many other countries, is viable outside of anthropology. Academically it is housed in nonanthropology departments, institutes, and interdisciplinary programs at a number of universities. Most professional archaeologists are employed outside the academy where their identity as anthropologists (if it exists) is often muted (see Bender and Smith 2000; Zeder 1997:46). The notion that American departments of anthropology should necessarily include archaeology as a major subfield of the discipline and that all anthropology students should be required to take classes in archaeology (e.g., Strong 1952) is being questioned. Within anthropology departments, formal or informal divisions separating archaeology, biological anthropology, and sociocultural/ linguistic anthropology are becoming more common.
菲利普·菲利普斯(Philip Phillips, 1955:246-247)曾说过一句名言:“新大陆考古学要么是人类学，要么什么都不是。”几年后，罗伯特•布莱德伍德(Robert Braidwood)对旧大陆做出了类似的描述(见引文)。这些声名显赫的考古学家有动机做出这样的声明表明，即使在当时，考古学和人类学之间的关系也存在不确定性。这种不确定性并没有减弱，近50年后，两国关系变得更加紧张。和许多其他国家一样，美国的考古学在人类学之外也是可行的。学术上，它被安置在一些大学的非人类学系、研究所和跨学科项目中。大多数专业考古学家受雇于学院之外，在那里他们作为人类学家的身份(如果存在的话)经常被掩盖(见Bender and Smith 2000;zed 1997:46)。美国人类学院系必须将考古学作为学科的一个主要分支，所有人类学学生都应该被要求上考古学的课程(例如，Strong 1952)，这种观念正在受到质疑。在人类学系中，将考古学、生物人类学和社会文化/语言人类学分开的正式或非正式的划分正变得越来越普遍。
{"title":"Archaeology as Anthropology","authors":"Deborah L. Nichols, R. Joyce","doi":"10.2307/j.ctv27jsgmk.9","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2307/j.ctv27jsgmk.9","url":null,"abstract":"In a famous phrase, Philip Phillips (1955:246-247) stated that \"New World archaeology is anthropology or it is nothing.\" A few years later, Robert Braidwood made a similar characterization for the Old World (see epigraph). That these well-established archaeologists were motivated to make such pronouncements indicates a sense of uncertainty even then of the relationship between archaeology and anthropology. This uncertainty has not abated, and nearly 50 years later the relationship has become more strained. Archaeology in the United States, as in many other countries, is viable outside of anthropology. Academically it is housed in nonanthropology departments, institutes, and interdisciplinary programs at a number of universities. Most professional archaeologists are employed outside the academy where their identity as anthropologists (if it exists) is often muted (see Bender and Smith 2000; Zeder 1997:46). The notion that American departments of anthropology should necessarily include archaeology as a major subfield of the discipline and that all anthropology students should be required to take classes in archaeology (e.g., Strong 1952) is being questioned. Within anthropology departments, formal or informal divisions separating archaeology, biological anthropology, and sociocultural/ linguistic anthropology are becoming more common.","PeriodicalId":169171,"journal":{"name":"Ruins and Rivals","volume":"32 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-02-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127916467","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
京公网安备 11010802042870号
京ICP备2023020795号-1
扫码关注我们
求助内容：
应助结果提醒方式：