Pub Date : 2020-11-30DOI: 10.3828/liverpool/9781789622140.003.0007
Jeremy F. Lane
If the issue of work has acquired a high political profile in France over recent decades, the question of the sans papiers, of undocumented migrants and their potential place within the Republic, has become equally highly politicised. However, these two issues are rarely seen as being intrinsically connected, protests in favour of the rights of the sans papiers typically being couched in humanitarian terms, with little reference to questions of political economy. This is equally true of many filmic representations of the sans papiers, which reinforce this notion of sans papiers as victims deserving of humanitarian aid, rather than as active agents. This chapter draws on Emmanuel Terray’s notion of ‘délocalisation sur place’ or ‘on-shore off-shoring’ to argue for a better understanding of the role the sans papiers play within the contemporary French jobs market, epitomising the logics of flexibility, modulation, and precarity that now characterise its functioning. Armed with this interpretative framework, it re-reads a number of films and novels featuring undocumented migrants, uncovering the insights concealed behind their overt humanitarianism, insights into the interrelationships between undocumented migration and the shifts in employment analysed in earlier chapters.
如果说近几十年来，工作问题在法国获得了高度的政治关注，那么“无证件”(sans - papiers)问题，即无证件移民及其在法国境内的潜在地位问题，也同样高度政治化。然而，这两个问题很少被视为内在联系，支持无证件者权利的抗议活动通常用人道主义措辞，很少涉及政治经济问题。许多关于无证件者的电影也同样如此，这些电影强化了无证件者是应该得到人道主义援助的受害者的观念，而不是积极的行动者。本章借鉴伊曼纽尔·特雷(Emmanuel Terray)的“就地迁移”(dsamiclocalisation sur place)或“在岸离岸”(on-shore - offshoring)概念，以更好地理解无证工人在当代法国就业市场中所扮演的角色，体现了其功能特征的灵活性、调制性和不稳定性的逻辑。有了这个解释框架，它重新阅读了一些以无证移民为主题的电影和小说，揭示了隐藏在他们公开的人道主义背后的见解，洞察了前几章分析的无证移民与就业变化之间的相互关系。
{"title":"Sans Papiers","authors":"Jeremy F. Lane","doi":"10.3828/liverpool/9781789622140.003.0007","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3828/liverpool/9781789622140.003.0007","url":null,"abstract":"If the issue of work has acquired a high political profile in France over recent decades, the question of the sans papiers, of undocumented migrants and their potential place within the Republic, has become equally highly politicised. However, these two issues are rarely seen as being intrinsically connected, protests in favour of the rights of the sans papiers typically being couched in humanitarian terms, with little reference to questions of political economy. This is equally true of many filmic representations of the sans papiers, which reinforce this notion of sans papiers as victims deserving of humanitarian aid, rather than as active agents.\u0000This chapter draws on Emmanuel Terray’s notion of ‘délocalisation sur place’ or ‘on-shore off-shoring’ to argue for a better understanding of the role the sans papiers play within the contemporary French jobs market, epitomising the logics of flexibility, modulation, and precarity that now characterise its functioning. Armed with this interpretative framework, it re-reads a number of films and novels featuring undocumented migrants, uncovering the insights concealed behind their overt humanitarianism, insights into the interrelationships between undocumented migration and the shifts in employment analysed in earlier chapters.","PeriodicalId":171722,"journal":{"name":"Republican Citizens, Precarious Subjects","volume":"2013 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-11-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127420225","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-11-30DOI: 10.3828/liverpool/9781789622140.003.0008
J. Lane
The Conclusion seeks to summarise the findings of the preceding chapters, showing how and why the shift to more precarious forms of post-Fordist employment have challenged established French Republican ideals and practices. It also considers possible future routes out of the impasses of post-Fordism.
{"title":"Conclusion","authors":"J. Lane","doi":"10.3828/liverpool/9781789622140.003.0008","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3828/liverpool/9781789622140.003.0008","url":null,"abstract":"The Conclusion seeks to summarise the findings of the preceding chapters, showing how and why the shift to more precarious forms of post-Fordist employment have challenged established French Republican ideals and practices. It also considers possible future routes out of the impasses of post-Fordism.","PeriodicalId":171722,"journal":{"name":"Republican Citizens, Precarious Subjects","volume":"657 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-11-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115112958","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The middle-aged male worker, bridling at the demands of the contemporary workplace has become a recurrent character type in recent French feature films and novels. Often, this male protagonist’s problems at work are mirrored by his difficulties at home retaining his authority as a paterfamilias. These films and novels hence offer a proliferation of narratives featuring middle-aged men struggling to modulate their professional identities and masculine roles in accordance with the demands of the contemporary workplace. As such, these narratives may also reflect the centrality of the male breadwinner and the patriarchal nuclear family to the French social model and hence may represent a series of conservative responses to perceived crises of masculinity and the nuclear family. The chapter shows that this kind of conservative response is epitomised by the novels of Houellebecq, in which laments at the loss of patriarchy are articulated to a critique of contemporary forms of immaterial labour in a particularly insistent fashion. The chapter then turns to a selection of films and novels that offer more nuanced representations of middle-aged male workers and their difficulties with work and family.
{"title":"Modulated Masculinities","authors":"J. Lane","doi":"10.2307/j.ctv16v32xg.7","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2307/j.ctv16v32xg.7","url":null,"abstract":"The middle-aged male worker, bridling at the demands of the contemporary workplace has become a recurrent character type in recent French feature films and novels. Often, this male protagonist’s problems at work are mirrored by his difficulties at home retaining his authority as a paterfamilias. These films and novels hence offer a proliferation of narratives featuring middle-aged men struggling to modulate their professional identities and masculine roles in accordance with the demands of the contemporary workplace. As such, these narratives may also reflect the centrality of the male breadwinner and the patriarchal nuclear family to the French social model and hence may represent a series of conservative responses to perceived crises of masculinity and the nuclear family. The chapter shows that this kind of conservative response is epitomised by the novels of Houellebecq, in which laments at the loss of patriarchy are articulated to a critique of contemporary forms of immaterial labour in a particularly insistent fashion. The chapter then turns to a selection of films and novels that offer more nuanced representations of middle-aged male workers and their difficulties with work and family.","PeriodicalId":171722,"journal":{"name":"Republican Citizens, Precarious Subjects","volume":"102 3-4","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114009145","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Today French women are more likely to be in salaried employment than their male counterparts, albeit being overrepresented in low-paid, part-time jobs. This chapter argues that one of the most striking cultural manifestations of these shifts in the relationship between sex and employment has been the emergence of the highly ambiguous figure of the femme forte, the strong working woman. Recent novels and films by Éric Reinhardt, Laurent Quintreau, Philippe Vasset, Alain Corneau, Natalie Kuperman, and Marie-Castille Mention-Schaar offer examples of one iteration of the femme forte – the calculating, manipulative, ruthless senior female executive whose pursuit of her career goals requires she abjure all her maternal instincts to become a particular kind of femme fatale, an updated version of Lady Macbeth or the Marquise de Meurteuil. The films, novels, and reportage of Medhi Charef, Florence Aubenas, François Bon, and Robert Guédiguian, meanwhile, offer a different, apparently more flattering iteration of the femme forte – the middle-aged working class woman who, in the face of the loss of stable male industrial employment, bravely struggles to keep family and community together, personifying an embattled tradition of working class struggle. The chapter analyses the ideological implications of these contrasting representations of the femme forte.
{"title":"Femmes Fortes","authors":"J. Lane","doi":"10.2307/j.ctv16v32xg.8","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2307/j.ctv16v32xg.8","url":null,"abstract":"Today French women are more likely to be in salaried employment than their male counterparts, albeit being overrepresented in low-paid, part-time jobs. This chapter argues that one of the most striking cultural manifestations of these shifts in the relationship between sex and employment has been the emergence of the highly ambiguous figure of the femme forte, the strong working woman. Recent novels and films by Éric Reinhardt, Laurent Quintreau, Philippe Vasset, Alain Corneau, Natalie Kuperman, and Marie-Castille Mention-Schaar offer examples of one iteration of the femme forte – the calculating, manipulative, ruthless senior female executive whose pursuit of her career goals requires she abjure all her maternal instincts to become a particular kind of femme fatale, an updated version of Lady Macbeth or the Marquise de Meurteuil. The films, novels, and reportage of Medhi Charef, Florence Aubenas, François Bon, and Robert Guédiguian, meanwhile, offer a different, apparently more flattering iteration of the femme forte – the middle-aged working class woman who, in the face of the loss of stable male industrial employment, bravely struggles to keep family and community together, personifying an embattled tradition of working class struggle. The chapter analyses the ideological implications of these contrasting representations of the femme forte.","PeriodicalId":171722,"journal":{"name":"Republican Citizens, Precarious Subjects","volume":"95 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124620107","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
A range of French sociologists of work have argued that contemporary management practices manifest a shift away from disciplinary modes of governmentality towards what De Gaulejac terms ‘post-disciplinary’ forms, Brunel ‘pastoral’ modes of power, and Zarifian forms of Deleuzean ‘control’. This chapter seeks, first, to provide evidence of this shift in governmentality and, second, to show how this involves more modulated, precarious forms of subjectivity that challenge established notions of French republican citizenship. It employs Deleuze’s distinction between a disciplinary ‘mould’ and the ‘modulated’ forms of power typical of ‘societies of control’ as its overarching interpretative framework. The chapter examines recent changes in management practice alongside a representative sample of reforms to the legal regulation of work and welfare in France from 2000 on, reforms that draw on notions of ‘activation’ and ‘flexicurity’. It argues that these practices and legal reforms exemplify the shift from to more ‘modulated’ and precarious forms of subjectivity that challenge the tents of French republican citizenship.
{"title":"Modulating Work and Welfare","authors":"J. Lane","doi":"10.2307/j.ctv16v32xg.6","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2307/j.ctv16v32xg.6","url":null,"abstract":"A range of French sociologists of work have argued that contemporary management practices manifest a shift away from disciplinary modes of governmentality towards what De Gaulejac terms ‘post-disciplinary’ forms, Brunel ‘pastoral’ modes of power, and Zarifian forms of Deleuzean ‘control’. This chapter seeks, first, to provide evidence of this shift in governmentality and, second, to show how this involves more modulated, precarious forms of subjectivity that challenge established notions of French republican citizenship. It employs Deleuze’s distinction between a disciplinary ‘mould’ and the ‘modulated’ forms of power typical of ‘societies of control’ as its overarching interpretative framework. The chapter examines recent changes in management practice alongside a representative sample of reforms to the legal regulation of work and welfare in France from 2000 on, reforms that draw on notions of ‘activation’ and ‘flexicurity’. It argues that these practices and legal reforms exemplify the shift from to more ‘modulated’ and precarious forms of subjectivity that challenge the tents of French republican citizenship.","PeriodicalId":171722,"journal":{"name":"Republican Citizens, Precarious Subjects","volume":"241 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114386631","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The chapter opens by noting the recurrence of depictions of disillusioned young executives, products of France’s elite business schools, in films by Cantet, Moutout, Corneau and Kim Chapiron and in testimonial literature by Sophie Talneau, Jonathan Curiel, Alexandre des Isnards and Thomas Zuber. In their different ways, all of these texts depict France’s young academic elite as being doomed to disillusionment by the nature of the education they receive and the realities of the contemporary labour market. In this, these privileged individuals betray an unexpected similarity with what might seem more obvious candidates for the moniker ‘doomed youth’, namely France’s ethnic minority banlieue inhabitants, whose fate is also understood to reflect problems in the interrelationships between education and employment. This chapter will therefore examine films and novels that seek to represent the ways in which shifts in the labour market have been mirrored in the adoption of post-disciplinary pedagogies and business-oriented curricula that challenge fundamental republican notions of meritocracy and social integration through education and employment.
{"title":"Doomed Youth","authors":"J. Lane","doi":"10.2307/j.ctv16v32xg.9","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2307/j.ctv16v32xg.9","url":null,"abstract":"The chapter opens by noting the recurrence of depictions of disillusioned young executives, products of France’s elite business schools, in films by Cantet, Moutout, Corneau and Kim Chapiron and in testimonial literature by Sophie Talneau, Jonathan Curiel, Alexandre des Isnards and Thomas Zuber. In their different ways, all of these texts depict France’s young academic elite as being doomed to disillusionment by the nature of the education they receive and the realities of the contemporary labour market. In this, these privileged individuals betray an unexpected similarity with what might seem more obvious candidates for the moniker ‘doomed youth’, namely France’s ethnic minority banlieue inhabitants, whose fate is also understood to reflect problems in the interrelationships between education and employment. This chapter will therefore examine films and novels that seek to represent the ways in which shifts in the labour market have been mirrored in the adoption of post-disciplinary pedagogies and business-oriented curricula that challenge fundamental republican notions of meritocracy and social integration through education and employment.","PeriodicalId":171722,"journal":{"name":"Republican Citizens, Precarious Subjects","volume":"14 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132468155","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
"Undocumented people" In his essay, Broken Lives, Broken Strategies, Zygmunt Bauman introduced the notion of "strategies of ' to point at the preoccupation with "quality of life" which is central to modem societies. As far as "undocumented people" are concerned, Godfried Engbersen perfers to use the concept of "strategies of residence", which insists on what is really at stake for illegal migrants : prolonging their stay in the Netherlands so that regularization may occur. Four main strategies are discussed on the empiric basis of interviews with 169 illegal migrants living in Rotterdam and information taken from police files : 1) mobilizing social capital, 2) entering into a (sham) marriage, 3) manipulating one's personal identity, 4) operating strategically in the public space. Undocumented people can be organized into a hierarchy according to their endowment with social capital : people who benefit from a substantial and lasting help from their family/friends/own ethnic community can be found at the top of this ethnic stratification, while migrants who are isolated and therefore dependant on market relations are at the bottom. The latters, who have to manage on their own, also have difficultes in entering a residence marriage, which anyway proves to be problematic for all illegal migrants because of their inferior social position. They often have to manipulate their personal identity, either borrowing authentic documents or using false papers ; they might also chose a strategic nationality or simply obliterate their identity by destroying their own authentic documents to prevent deportation. In this last case, they might assume tasks that make them "visible" in drug-traffic : as they cannot be deported, they are not very likely to be arrested. But some others undocumented people prefer to operate carefully in the public space. Clandestinity might therefore be regarded as a mastersatus : secrecy determines the social relations of illegal migrants. Some unexpected effects of the recent laws regarding foreigners (focused on identification and control) might thus be discussed : Europe-Panoptikon (this image shall be preferred to the old metaphor of Europe-Fortress) guards the "system frontier" (rather than the physical frontiers) of rich welfare states, so that she keeps criminalizing and clandestinizing illegal migrants and eventually generates its own criminality.
{"title":"Sans Papiers","authors":"Godfried Engbersen","doi":"10.2307/j.ctv16v32xg.10","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2307/j.ctv16v32xg.10","url":null,"abstract":"\"Undocumented people\" In his essay, Broken Lives, Broken Strategies, Zygmunt Bauman introduced the notion of \"strategies of ' to point at the preoccupation with \"quality of life\" which is central to modem societies. As far as \"undocumented people\" are concerned, Godfried Engbersen perfers to use the concept of \"strategies of residence\", which insists on what is really at stake for illegal migrants : prolonging their stay in the Netherlands so that regularization may occur. Four main strategies are discussed on the empiric basis of interviews with 169 illegal migrants living in Rotterdam and information taken from police files : 1) mobilizing social capital, 2) entering into a (sham) marriage, 3) manipulating one's personal identity, 4) operating strategically in the public space. Undocumented people can be organized into a hierarchy according to their endowment with social capital : people who benefit from a substantial and lasting help from their family/friends/own ethnic community can be found at the top of this ethnic stratification, while migrants who are isolated and therefore dependant on market relations are at the bottom. The latters, who have to manage on their own, also have difficultes in entering a residence marriage, which anyway proves to be problematic for all illegal migrants because of their inferior social position. They often have to manipulate their personal identity, either borrowing authentic documents or using false papers ; they might also chose a strategic nationality or simply obliterate their identity by destroying their own authentic documents to prevent deportation. In this last case, they might assume tasks that make them \"visible\" in drug-traffic : as they cannot be deported, they are not very likely to be arrested. But some others undocumented people prefer to operate carefully in the public space. Clandestinity might therefore be regarded as a mastersatus : secrecy determines the social relations of illegal migrants. Some unexpected effects of the recent laws regarding foreigners (focused on identification and control) might thus be discussed : Europe-Panoptikon (this image shall be preferred to the old metaphor of Europe-Fortress) guards the \"system frontier\" (rather than the physical frontiers) of rich welfare states, so that she keeps criminalizing and clandestinizing illegal migrants and eventually generates its own criminality.","PeriodicalId":171722,"journal":{"name":"Republican Citizens, Precarious Subjects","volume":"25 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131120781","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
京公网安备 11010802042870号
京ICP备2023020795号-1
扫码关注我们
求助内容：
应助结果提醒方式：