Pub Date : 2021-05-17DOI: 10.22492/issn.2432-4183.2021.4
M. Okamoto, K. Sawamura
BACKGROUND: Previous research has found that 70% of patients are unable to express their end-of-life (EOL) preferences. Hospitals in Japan often ask the patient’s family members to guess and express the patient’s will and take decisions on his/her behalf, but never-married and divorced men often have no relatives to fulfill such functions. METHODS: An internet survey was conducted on February 14–24, 2020. The sample size was 3,224 and it was balanced among 3 layers: gender, age (50s, 60s, 70s+), and marital status (never-married, divorced, widowed, married). The sample included 471 never-married men and 472 divorced men. RESULTS: Overall, it was found that 3.1% had no support in the event of hospitalization. Among all participants, the never-married or divorced men had little contact with relatives, few friends, and little communication with their neighbors; 20% of them had no one to support them when hospitalized. Sixty percent of all participants never discussed their advanced care planning (ACP) with their families or friends, and this number was around 84% among never-married or divorced men. Among all participants, 11.7% had written an “ending note” to communicate their will regarding end-of-life and after-death decisions. This number was much lower for never-married men at 3.6%. CONCLUSIONS: As never-married and divorced men have little chance to share their thoughts with others, they are more likely to have difficulties in making and communicating EOL decisions. The number of never-married elderly men is increasing rapidly, and a solution to help them express their EOL decisions is needed.
{"title":"Readiness for Decision Making towards End-of-Life Care among Unmarried or Divorced Middle-aged and Elderly Men in Japan","authors":"M. Okamoto, K. Sawamura","doi":"10.22492/issn.2432-4183.2021.4","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22492/issn.2432-4183.2021.4","url":null,"abstract":"BACKGROUND: Previous research has found that 70% of patients are unable to express their end-of-life (EOL) preferences. Hospitals in Japan often ask the patient’s family members to guess and express the patient’s will and take decisions on his/her behalf, but never-married and divorced men often have no relatives to fulfill such functions. METHODS: An internet survey was conducted on February 14–24, 2020. The sample size was 3,224 and it was balanced among 3 layers: gender, age (50s, 60s, 70s+), and marital status (never-married, divorced, widowed, married). The sample included 471 never-married men and 472 divorced men. RESULTS: Overall, it was found that 3.1% had no support in the event of hospitalization. Among all participants, the never-married or divorced men had little contact with relatives, few friends, and little communication with their neighbors; 20% of them had no one to support them when hospitalized. Sixty percent of all participants never discussed their advanced care planning (ACP) with their families or friends, and this number was around 84% among never-married or divorced men. Among all participants, 11.7% had written an “ending note” to communicate their will regarding end-of-life and after-death decisions. This number was much lower for never-married men at 3.6%. CONCLUSIONS: As never-married and divorced men have little chance to share their thoughts with others, they are more likely to have difficulties in making and communicating EOL decisions. The number of never-married elderly men is increasing rapidly, and a solution to help them express their EOL decisions is needed.","PeriodicalId":174027,"journal":{"name":"The Asian Conference on Aging & Gerontology 2021: Official Conference Proceedings","volume":"21 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-05-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115374613","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-05-17DOI: 10.22492/issn.2432-4183.2021.2
Emmy Ingaiza, Margaret A. Disiye, P. Onderi
Research into well-being of older adults is at advanced stage the world over. Most of the studies are conducted in the west. A few studies done in Kenya have focused on older adults’ abuse and vulnerability. Furthermore, these studies have used younger populations, thus lack self-reporting by the older adults themselves. This causal-comparative study sought to determine the level of subjective well-being of older adults and how demographic data related to the population and within groups influence the subjective well-being of older adults. Data was collected from older persons (n=140, >65yrs) participating in the Older Person’s Cash Transfer programme that serves the non-pensionable and aged Kenyans. Findings revealed that the older adults experienced low levels of subjective well-being, low levels of positive affect and low levels of negative affect and were dissatisfied with their life. The findings further revealed that being married, having own source of income, attaining secondary school education and poor self-perceived health, significantly influenced subjective well-being. Relative absence of negative affect strongly predicted subjective well-being, followed by presence of positive affect and finally the dimension of satisfaction with life. The demographic characteristics did not reveal themselves as predictive variables in this study. Understanding the dynamics, emotional and cognitive processes of older adults may be useful in designing interventions, strategies and policy programs that could enhance subjective well-being of older adults.
{"title":"Influence of Demographic Characteristics on Subjective Well-Being of Older Adults","authors":"Emmy Ingaiza, Margaret A. Disiye, P. Onderi","doi":"10.22492/issn.2432-4183.2021.2","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22492/issn.2432-4183.2021.2","url":null,"abstract":"Research into well-being of older adults is at advanced stage the world over. Most of the studies are conducted in the west. A few studies done in Kenya have focused on older adults’ abuse and vulnerability. Furthermore, these studies have used younger populations, thus lack self-reporting by the older adults themselves. This causal-comparative study sought to determine the level of subjective well-being of older adults and how demographic data related to the population and within groups influence the subjective well-being of older adults. Data was collected from older persons (n=140, >65yrs) participating in the Older Person’s Cash Transfer programme that serves the non-pensionable and aged Kenyans. Findings revealed that the older adults experienced low levels of subjective well-being, low levels of positive affect and low levels of negative affect and were dissatisfied with their life. The findings further revealed that being married, having own source of income, attaining secondary school education and poor self-perceived health, significantly influenced subjective well-being. Relative absence of negative affect strongly predicted subjective well-being, followed by presence of positive affect and finally the dimension of satisfaction with life. The demographic characteristics did not reveal themselves as predictive variables in this study. Understanding the dynamics, emotional and cognitive processes of older adults may be useful in designing interventions, strategies and policy programs that could enhance subjective well-being of older adults.","PeriodicalId":174027,"journal":{"name":"The Asian Conference on Aging & Gerontology 2021: Official Conference Proceedings","volume":"14 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-05-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129414273","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-05-17DOI: 10.22492/issn.2432-4183.2021.1
Chin-hui Chen
The population of older people living with dementia in Taiwan is growing dramatically. If seniors with dementia are to remain in their own homes, higher-quality long-term home care services are vital. One way to achieve this quality goal is to promote better communication between seniors and providers. Accordingly, this study addresses an aspect of communication behaviour that tends to be overlooked in studies on dementia-care communication: nonverbal communication accommodations. Specifically, it presents a typology of nonverbal communication strategies used in long-term home-care service in Taiwan, based on in-depth interviews with 30 long-term home-care workers with at least one year of dementia-care experience. Prominent among these strategies are constant smiling; using one’s fingers to draw patients’ attention to one’s eyes to maintain eye contact; gentle touching to express concern or care; and firm holding of hands, as a means of gauging acceptance or refusal of instructions. However, nonverbal signs of patients’ understanding also emerged as crucial to care workers’ decision-making. In particular, eye movement, turning the face to the side, looking downward, and maintaining steady eye contact all were reported to have different meanings, knowledge of which was essential to successful care communication. These findings not only extend our understanding of social-care practices, but also have the potential to enhance the wellbeing of dementia patients.
{"title":"Long-term Home Care Communication With Dementia Elders in Taiwan: A Focus on Nonverbal Communication Strategies","authors":"Chin-hui Chen","doi":"10.22492/issn.2432-4183.2021.1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22492/issn.2432-4183.2021.1","url":null,"abstract":"The population of older people living with dementia in Taiwan is growing dramatically. If seniors with dementia are to remain in their own homes, higher-quality long-term home care services are vital. One way to achieve this quality goal is to promote better communication between seniors and providers. Accordingly, this study addresses an aspect of communication behaviour that tends to be overlooked in studies on dementia-care communication: nonverbal communication accommodations. Specifically, it presents a typology of nonverbal communication strategies used in long-term home-care service in Taiwan, based on in-depth interviews with 30 long-term home-care workers with at least one year of dementia-care experience. Prominent among these strategies are constant smiling; using one’s fingers to draw patients’ attention to one’s eyes to maintain eye contact; gentle touching to express concern or care; and firm holding of hands, as a means of gauging acceptance or refusal of instructions. However, nonverbal signs of patients’ understanding also emerged as crucial to care workers’ decision-making. In particular, eye movement, turning the face to the side, looking downward, and maintaining steady eye contact all were reported to have different meanings, knowledge of which was essential to successful care communication. These findings not only extend our understanding of social-care practices, but also have the potential to enhance the wellbeing of dementia patients.","PeriodicalId":174027,"journal":{"name":"The Asian Conference on Aging & Gerontology 2021: Official Conference Proceedings","volume":"50 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-05-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132868200","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-05-17DOI: 10.22492/issn.2432-4183.2021.5
Jon Dag Rasmussen, N. Mathiasen, V. L. Lygum, Lone Sigbrand
Scientific research has shown how exposure to daylight and continual contact with greenery, natural elements and habitats are crucial factors for human well-being. In the wake of these findings, it is highly important to improve access to facilities that enable and promote these effects of increased life quality and well-being among all groups of people in our societies. The paper describes an in-progress project focusing on how to enhance the everyday conditions of elderly people in a care home setting in Denmark, all of which are living with Dementia. The paper presents a vision for a new physical extension to the existing building structure on the care home location that supports everyday life, activities and the overall well-being among the residents. The vision can be seen as the first step in the development of a set of generic guidelines for the design and use made to be transferred and tested in other settings in Denmark and internationally. In drafting and designing the conservatory the project group employs principles of Universal Design in combination with newer research findings on the health-promoting potentials of spaces characterized by access to natural light, plant growth and living environments. Furthermore, the work rests on a holistic ambition to create brighter, greener, naturally aligned and healthier conditions for residents, care home workers and visiting relatives alike.
{"title":"Envisioning a Healthier Build Environment for Elderly People with Dementia in Denmark – A Conservatory for People and Plants","authors":"Jon Dag Rasmussen, N. Mathiasen, V. L. Lygum, Lone Sigbrand","doi":"10.22492/issn.2432-4183.2021.5","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22492/issn.2432-4183.2021.5","url":null,"abstract":"Scientific research has shown how exposure to daylight and continual contact with greenery, natural elements and habitats are crucial factors for human well-being. In the wake of these findings, it is highly important to improve access to facilities that enable and promote these effects of increased life quality and well-being among all groups of people in our societies. The paper describes an in-progress project focusing on how to enhance the everyday conditions of elderly people in a care home setting in Denmark, all of which are living with Dementia. The paper presents a vision for a new physical extension to the existing building structure on the care home location that supports everyday life, activities and the overall well-being among the residents. The vision can be seen as the first step in the development of a set of generic guidelines for the design and use made to be transferred and tested in other settings in Denmark and internationally. In drafting and designing the conservatory the project group employs principles of Universal Design in combination with newer research findings on the health-promoting potentials of spaces characterized by access to natural light, plant growth and living environments. Furthermore, the work rests on a holistic ambition to create brighter, greener, naturally aligned and healthier conditions for residents, care home workers and visiting relatives alike.","PeriodicalId":174027,"journal":{"name":"The Asian Conference on Aging & Gerontology 2021: Official Conference Proceedings","volume":"123 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-05-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127048614","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-11-13DOI: 10.22492/issn.2432-4183.2021.3
K. Sawamura, Maki Okamoto
In Japan, the number of older persons who cannot be supported by family members in decisionmaking is increasing. Difficulties in making medical decisions due to dementia or deteriorated physical conditions are apparent. Considering the aging process, difficulties in maintaining the quality of daily living must exist beforehand, and support is required from earlier stages. We collected real cases from local government staff, care managers, social welfare personnel, and private support companies, according to five scenarios of supported decision making: (1) Difficulty with daily activities, (2) Receiving serious medical treatment, (3) Being discharged and rebuilding life, (4) Rearranging care services and residence according to functional decline, and (5) Dealing with death. Of the 134 collected cases, most were in Scenario 4 (n = 52) and involved men aged 75 to 84 years (n = 45). Even if it becomes difficult for a person to recognize problems and carry out solutions, expressing intentions, which is the basis of decision-making, plays an important role for the person and the most sustainable one. What is lost by the absence of family members is the “point of contact” between the individual and the outside world, which is related to the fact that issues cannot be discovered until Scenario 4 and that support at each stage is not continuous. In light of the decrease in the number of supporters and the increase in the number of people who need support, contact should be established in a way that requires less human involvement, such as through the use of information technology.
{"title":"Characteristics of Support Cases for Single Elderly People in Daily Life, Medical Care, Long-term Care, and Death Situations","authors":"K. Sawamura, Maki Okamoto","doi":"10.22492/issn.2432-4183.2021.3","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22492/issn.2432-4183.2021.3","url":null,"abstract":"In Japan, the number of older persons who cannot be supported by family members in decisionmaking is increasing. Difficulties in making medical decisions due to dementia or deteriorated physical conditions are apparent. Considering the aging process, difficulties in maintaining the quality of daily living must exist beforehand, and support is required from earlier stages. We collected real cases from local government staff, care managers, social welfare personnel, and private support companies, according to five scenarios of supported decision making: (1) Difficulty with daily activities, (2) Receiving serious medical treatment, (3) Being discharged and rebuilding life, (4) Rearranging care services and residence according to functional decline, and (5) Dealing with death. Of the 134 collected cases, most were in Scenario 4 (n = 52) and involved men aged 75 to 84 years (n = 45). Even if it becomes difficult for a person to recognize problems and carry out solutions, expressing intentions, which is the basis of decision-making, plays an important role for the person and the most sustainable one. What is lost by the absence of family members is the “point of contact” between the individual and the outside world, which is related to the fact that issues cannot be discovered until Scenario 4 and that support at each stage is not continuous. In light of the decrease in the number of supporters and the increase in the number of people who need support, contact should be established in a way that requires less human involvement, such as through the use of information technology.","PeriodicalId":174027,"journal":{"name":"The Asian Conference on Aging & Gerontology 2021: Official Conference Proceedings","volume":"50 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-11-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123466278","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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