Pub Date : 2020-11-23DOI: 10.51745/NAJFNR.4.09.S25-S35
T. Matsungo, P. Chopera
Background: Malnutrition in all its forms continues to be a global public health challenge affecting mostly women and children in Africa. The socioeconomic consequences of poor nutrition are far-reaching and cross-generational. Objective: To provide an update on the nutrition situation in Zimbabwe in the context of the United Nations 2030 sustainable development agenda. Key findings: In Zimbabwe, the leading nutrition problems include high levels of childhood stunting, micronutrient deficiencies (Vitamin A, Iron, Zinc, and Selenium) affecting mostly children younger than 5 years and women aged 15-49 years. This paper presents evidence on the emergence of obesity and associated complications like diabetes, hypertension, and several cancers in addition to the traditional problem of undernutrition burden “multiple burden of malnutrition”. These nutrition challenges can be attributed to poor breastfeeding and infant and young child feeding (IYCF) practices, the low dietary diversity affecting mostly rural households and nutrition transition. Cultural and religious beliefs are barriers to the adoption of appropriate breastfeeding and IYCF practices. Conclusion: The multiple burden of malnutrition exists in Zimbabwe. Although there is political, commitment and multisectoral initiatives to address malnutrition and food insecurity, the declining socio-economic situation and the COVID-19 associated restrictions are worsening the situation and poor households are getting more vulnerable. Considering that Zimbabwe’s economy is agriculture-based there is a need to put emphasis on promoting nutrition-sensitive agriculture initiatives and urgently implement the Food-Based Dietary Guidelines (FBDGs) to propel the adoption of healthy lifestyles and dietary behaviors. Keywords: Stunting, Breastfeeding, IYCF, Micronutrient deficiency, SDGs, COVID-19, Zimbabwe.
{"title":"Nutrition in contemporary Zimbabwe: a situational analysis","authors":"T. Matsungo, P. Chopera","doi":"10.51745/NAJFNR.4.09.S25-S35","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.51745/NAJFNR.4.09.S25-S35","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Malnutrition in all its forms continues to be a global public health challenge affecting mostly women and children in Africa. The socioeconomic consequences of poor nutrition are far-reaching and cross-generational. Objective: To provide an update on the nutrition situation in Zimbabwe in the context of the United Nations 2030 sustainable development agenda. Key findings: In Zimbabwe, the leading nutrition problems include high levels of childhood stunting, micronutrient deficiencies (Vitamin A, Iron, Zinc, and Selenium) affecting mostly children younger than 5 years and women aged 15-49 years. This paper presents evidence on the emergence of obesity and associated complications like diabetes, hypertension, and several cancers in addition to the traditional problem of undernutrition burden “multiple burden of malnutrition”. These nutrition challenges can be attributed to poor breastfeeding and infant and young child feeding (IYCF) practices, the low dietary diversity affecting mostly rural households and nutrition transition. Cultural and religious beliefs are barriers to the adoption of appropriate breastfeeding and IYCF practices. Conclusion: The multiple burden of malnutrition exists in Zimbabwe. Although there is political, commitment and multisectoral initiatives to address malnutrition and food insecurity, the declining socio-economic situation and the COVID-19 associated restrictions are worsening the situation and poor households are getting more vulnerable. Considering that Zimbabwe’s economy is agriculture-based there is a need to put emphasis on promoting nutrition-sensitive agriculture initiatives and urgently implement the Food-Based Dietary Guidelines (FBDGs) to propel the adoption of healthy lifestyles and dietary behaviors.\u0000\u0000Keywords: Stunting, Breastfeeding, IYCF, Micronutrient deficiency, SDGs, COVID-19, Zimbabwe.","PeriodicalId":176986,"journal":{"name":"Special Issue July-December 2020","volume":"17 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-11-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128754631","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-11-15DOI: 10.51745/NAJFNR.4.09.S17-S24
H. Abusalih, Zeinab Abu Sabeib
Background: Sudan is situated in the northeastern part of Africa. The population of the country is approximately 43 million, spread over 1.88 million square kilometers. Although Sudan has great resources, most of the population suffers from poverty and food deficiency because of the conflicts in the different parts of the country .The suffering was augmented by climatic drought and floods which resulted in food insecurity. The population’s internal displacement is disadvantageous regarding access to health services and is consequently more vulnerable to diseases and malnutrition. In Sudan, thirty-three percent of the population suffered from food deprivation according to the national survey of 2010. The prevalence of undernourishment was 31% and 34 % percent for urban and rural populations respectively. Furthermore, based on WHO epidemiologic criteria, the prevalence of stunting and wasting are classified as profound, 38.2%, for stunting which is more than the average of the developing countries( 25%), wasting defined as low weight for height also has a higher prevalence in under-five in Sudan comparing it to the developing countries' average which is 16.8% and 8.9% respectively. Although recent national survey data are lacking, it is evident that micronutrient deficiencies are a major public health concern from the sporadic studies’ findings. Notwithstanding these challenges, the government and the Federal Ministry of Health, move along to make progress towards nutrition and food security, some supplementation campaigns have been conducted but coverage of the population is still low. Sudan is one of the 61 countries that leading a global movement to end up malnutrition in all its forms. Keywords: Sudan, deficiencies, food, micronutrient, mortality, insecurity.
{"title":"Update of the nutritional situation in the Republic of Sudan","authors":"H. Abusalih, Zeinab Abu Sabeib","doi":"10.51745/NAJFNR.4.09.S17-S24","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.51745/NAJFNR.4.09.S17-S24","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Sudan is situated in the northeastern part of Africa. The population of the country is approximately 43 million, spread over 1.88 million square kilometers. Although Sudan has great resources, most of the population suffers from poverty and food deficiency because of the conflicts in the different parts of the country .The suffering was augmented by climatic drought and floods which resulted in food insecurity. The population’s internal displacement is disadvantageous regarding access to health services and is consequently more vulnerable to diseases and malnutrition. In Sudan, thirty-three percent of the population suffered from food deprivation according to the national survey of 2010. The prevalence of undernourishment was 31% and 34 % percent for urban and rural populations respectively. Furthermore, based on WHO epidemiologic criteria, the prevalence of stunting and wasting are classified as profound, 38.2%, for stunting which is more than the average of the developing countries( 25%), wasting defined as low weight for height also has a higher prevalence in under-five in Sudan comparing it to the developing countries' average which is 16.8% and 8.9% respectively. Although recent national survey data are lacking, it is evident that micronutrient deficiencies are a major public health concern from the sporadic studies’ findings. Notwithstanding these challenges, the government and the Federal Ministry of Health, move along to make progress towards nutrition and food security, some supplementation campaigns have been conducted but coverage of the population is still low. Sudan is one of the 61 countries that leading a global movement to end up malnutrition in all its forms.\u0000\u0000Keywords: Sudan, deficiencies, food, micronutrient, mortality, insecurity.","PeriodicalId":176986,"journal":{"name":"Special Issue July-December 2020","volume":"28 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-11-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114516626","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-09-15DOI: 10.51745/NAJFNR.4.09.S1-S6
F. Konaté, A. Ag Iknane, F. Diawara, D. Coulibaly, A. Koné
Mali, a Sahelian country in West Africa, faces many climatic, natural and security constraints. This situation has accentuated the nutritional issues which are largely responsible for the high morbidity and mortality rates. The aim of the current review is to understand the main issues related to nutrition and diet among vulnerable groups in Mali during the last decade. The exclusive breastfeeding rate remains relatively low (40%). The Complementary feeding practices are inadequate 49%. These practices are coupled with chronic food insecurity, limited access to health care and services and water coverage and inadequate hygiene practices. The 2019 nutrition survey showed a wasting prevalence of 9.4% in children under the age of 5 and a prevalence of stunting of 27% in young children 0-23 months. In addition, there is a nutritional transition limited to the urban environment, where almost one in three adult women is overweight or obese. Simultaneously, undernutrition perseveres among women, particularly in rural areas (18.5%). The persistence of micronutrient deficiencies is accentuated, especially anemia with a prevalence rate of 82% in children under 5 years. The strategy of universal salt iodization has led to a marked reduction in iodine deficiency disorders. Vitamin A deficiency is a public health problem in women with a retinolemia rate of 35%. There is a Nutrition Policy document, an intersectoral coordination unit with a view to strengthening interventions to better achieve the Sustainable Development Goals. Keywords: Malnutrition, Infants under 5, Micronutrients, Food Insecurity, Mali.
{"title":"Nutrition and food security in Mali from 2010 to 2020","authors":"F. Konaté, A. Ag Iknane, F. Diawara, D. Coulibaly, A. Koné","doi":"10.51745/NAJFNR.4.09.S1-S6","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.51745/NAJFNR.4.09.S1-S6","url":null,"abstract":"Mali, a Sahelian country in West Africa, faces many climatic, natural and security constraints. This situation has accentuated the nutritional issues which are largely responsible for the high morbidity and mortality rates. The aim of the current review is to understand the main issues related to nutrition and diet among vulnerable groups in Mali during the last decade. The exclusive breastfeeding rate remains relatively low (40%). The Complementary feeding practices are inadequate 49%. These practices are coupled with chronic food insecurity, limited access to health care and services and water coverage and inadequate hygiene practices. The 2019 nutrition survey showed a wasting prevalence of 9.4% in children under the age of 5 and a prevalence of stunting of 27% in young children 0-23 months. In addition, there is a nutritional transition limited to the urban environment, where almost one in three adult women is overweight or obese. Simultaneously, undernutrition perseveres among women, particularly in rural areas (18.5%). The persistence of micronutrient deficiencies is accentuated, especially anemia with a prevalence rate of 82% in children under 5 years. The strategy of universal salt iodization has led to a marked reduction in iodine deficiency disorders. Vitamin A deficiency is a public health problem in women with a retinolemia rate of 35%. There is a Nutrition Policy document, an intersectoral coordination unit with a view to strengthening interventions to better achieve the Sustainable Development Goals.\u0000\u0000Keywords: Malnutrition, Infants under 5, Micronutrients, Food Insecurity, Mali.","PeriodicalId":176986,"journal":{"name":"Special Issue July-December 2020","volume":"08 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-09-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127222402","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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