Pub Date : 2019-10-23DOI: 10.3329/bjodfo.v7i1.43691
Tubayesha Hassan, M. Sattar
As a means of regular practice in orthodontics and aesthetic dentistry, resin based adhesive systems are being used exclusively. Keeping up with the ever-increasing demand for aesthetic dental treatment all over the world, newer and more improved adhesive systems have been developed. However, regarding the comparison as to which bonding system performs better in clinical perspective, there is lack of existing scientific review articles. In this review, we tend to explore the conventional etch and rinse bonding system and the self-etch primer bonding system. The different tests to assess and compare bond strength between these two types of adhesives from various bibliography are discussed. The results of shear bond strength test, adhesive remnant index (ARI), enamel-adhesive interface using scanning electron microscope (SEM) and the effect of saliva contamination and time are discussed. Interestingly, each system has its strengths and weaknesses. In shear bond strength, self-etch bonding systems clearly exhibits less strength than conventional bonding systems. Resin tags into enamel surface are shorter in self-etch primer adhesives which results from milder etching to enamel compared to the conventional aid-etch and rinse adhesives. Contrarily, the irreversible changes to enamel surface is more aggressive in conventional acid-etching which states that self-etching systems are better according to the principles of minimal intervention dentistry. Ban J Orthod & Dentofac Orthop, April 2017; Vol-7 (1-2), P.20-26
{"title":"Bond Strength Comparison of Orthodontic Bonding Systems: A Systematic Review","authors":"Tubayesha Hassan, M. Sattar","doi":"10.3329/bjodfo.v7i1.43691","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3329/bjodfo.v7i1.43691","url":null,"abstract":"As a means of regular practice in orthodontics and aesthetic dentistry, resin based adhesive systems are being used exclusively. Keeping up with the ever-increasing demand for aesthetic dental treatment all over the world, newer and more improved adhesive systems have been developed. However, regarding the comparison as to which bonding system performs better in clinical perspective, there is lack of existing scientific review articles. In this review, we tend to explore the conventional etch and rinse bonding system and the self-etch primer bonding system. The different tests to assess and compare bond strength between these two types of adhesives from various bibliography are discussed. The results of shear bond strength test, adhesive remnant index (ARI), enamel-adhesive interface using scanning electron microscope (SEM) and the effect of saliva contamination and time are discussed. Interestingly, each system has its strengths and weaknesses. In shear bond strength, self-etch bonding systems clearly exhibits less strength than conventional bonding systems. Resin tags into enamel surface are shorter in self-etch primer adhesives which results from milder etching to enamel compared to the conventional aid-etch and rinse adhesives. Contrarily, the irreversible changes to enamel surface is more aggressive in conventional acid-etching which states that self-etching systems are better according to the principles of minimal intervention dentistry. \u0000Ban J Orthod & Dentofac Orthop, April 2017; Vol-7 (1-2), P.20-26","PeriodicalId":177450,"journal":{"name":"Bangladesh Journal of Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopedics","volume":"111 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-10-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114447768","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-10-23DOI: 10.3329/bjodfo.v7i1.43689
S. Haque, Mehreen Zakir
There are no relevant contraindications to orthodontic treatment of previously endodontically treated teeth, considering the quality of the obturated teeth, the health of the periodontal membrane, along with careful application of orthodontic force. Although, there is usually some degree of reversible or transient pulpal inflammation even in healthy teeth during orthodontic treatment, application of light and intermittent orthodontic force will reduce the risks provided sufficient time is given to allow proper repair of the dental tissue. However, there may be a few hazards associated with the treatment of endodontically involved teeth, some of which mainly include root resorption and ankylosis. This article will show some cases of teeth which had undergone root canal treatment prior to orthodontic management and further observed whether orthodontic tooth movement had caused any resorption in the root filled teeth. Root canal treated teeth can be moved orthodontically to the same extent as vital teeth, providing, a controlled force applica- tion to avoid risk of inflammatory root resorption. Ban J Orthod & Dentofac Orthop, April 2017; Vol-7 (1-2), P.12-15
{"title":"The effects of orthodontic tooth movement in endodontically treated teeth","authors":"S. Haque, Mehreen Zakir","doi":"10.3329/bjodfo.v7i1.43689","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3329/bjodfo.v7i1.43689","url":null,"abstract":"There are no relevant contraindications to orthodontic treatment of previously endodontically treated teeth, considering the quality of the obturated teeth, the health of the periodontal membrane, along with careful application of orthodontic force. Although, there is usually some degree of reversible or transient pulpal inflammation even in healthy teeth during orthodontic treatment, application of light and intermittent orthodontic force will reduce the risks provided sufficient time is given to allow proper repair of the dental tissue. However, there may be a few hazards associated with the treatment of endodontically involved teeth, some of which mainly include root resorption and ankylosis. This article will show some cases of teeth which had undergone root canal treatment prior to orthodontic management and further observed whether orthodontic tooth movement had caused any resorption in the root filled teeth. Root canal treated teeth can be moved orthodontically to the same extent as vital teeth, providing, a controlled force applica- tion to avoid risk of inflammatory root resorption. \u0000Ban J Orthod & Dentofac Orthop, April 2017; Vol-7 (1-2), P.12-15","PeriodicalId":177450,"journal":{"name":"Bangladesh Journal of Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopedics","volume":"33 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-10-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131378888","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-10-23DOI: 10.3329/bjodfo.v7i1.43688
K. Akther, Z. Hossain
Aim: Objectives: To analyze variations in dental arch width in relation to oral habits. Materials and Methods : Cross sectional study was carried out Department of Orthodontics & Dentofacial Orthopedics of Dhaka Dental College & Hospital, Dhaka with a total number of 600 primary school children of 3-6 years ages of Bangladeshi population. Results: This study was a cross sectional study conducted among the 600 children with 3-6 years old prima- ry school children of Bangladeshi population. According to present study, bottle feeding causes significant reduction in maxillary intercanine width and mouth breathers show significant reduction of both arches. Conclusion: It was observed that the children who had used a bottle had a significant reduction in maxillary intercanine width. Breathing through mouth appeared to be associated with a reduction in the size of both arches. This was more significant in the maxillary intercanine , mandibular intercanine and mandibular molar widths. Therefore to prevent malocclusions, the public should be informed of the harm caused by certain oral habits, the benefits of breast-feeding, and the need to correct bad habits at early life. Ban J Orthod & Dentofac Orthop, April 2016; Vol-7 (1-2), P.6-11
{"title":"Dental Arch Width in Children and Relationship to their Oral Habits","authors":"K. Akther, Z. Hossain","doi":"10.3329/bjodfo.v7i1.43688","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3329/bjodfo.v7i1.43688","url":null,"abstract":"Aim: Objectives: To analyze variations in dental arch width in relation to oral habits. \u0000Materials and Methods : Cross sectional study was carried out Department of Orthodontics & Dentofacial Orthopedics of Dhaka Dental College & Hospital, Dhaka with a total number of 600 primary school children of 3-6 years ages of Bangladeshi population. \u0000Results: This study was a cross sectional study conducted among the 600 children with 3-6 years old prima- ry school children of Bangladeshi population. According to present study, bottle feeding causes significant reduction in maxillary intercanine width and mouth breathers show significant reduction of both arches. \u0000Conclusion: It was observed that the children who had used a bottle had a significant reduction in maxillary intercanine width. Breathing through mouth appeared to be associated with a reduction in the size of both arches. This was more significant in the maxillary intercanine , mandibular intercanine and mandibular molar widths. Therefore to prevent malocclusions, the public should be informed of the harm caused by certain oral habits, the benefits of breast-feeding, and the need to correct bad habits at early life. \u0000Ban J Orthod & Dentofac Orthop, April 2016; Vol-7 (1-2), P.6-11","PeriodicalId":177450,"journal":{"name":"Bangladesh Journal of Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopedics","volume":"32 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-10-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124958217","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-10-23DOI: 10.3329/bjodfo.v7i1.43687
R. Rabbani, A. Malik, Z. Hossain
Objectives: To test the hypothesis that there is no difference between adults with Class I crowded (CICR) and Class I normal (CIN) occlusions with respect to width of the maxillary and mandibular arches and gender comparisons. Materials and Method: In this cross sectional study, 52 pairs of study models were selected from the patients and students of the Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopedics Department of Dhaka Dental Collage and Hospital and were divided into two groups, 27 pair of dental casts with normal occlusion, 25 pair of dental casts with Class I crowded malocclusion including equal males and female samples. Results: The result of this study evaluated two study groups (Normal occlusion and Class I crowded ). Between different arch dimension maxillary arch widths were found to have significantly smaller in Class I crowded malocclusion compared with Normal Class I occlusion. Conclusion: In conclusion, the hypothesis was partially rejected by the finding of the study. Ban J Orthod & Dentofac Orthop, April 2017; Vol-7 (1-2), P.1-5
{"title":"A comperative Study of Arch Widths Between Class I Crowded With Normal Occlusions","authors":"R. Rabbani, A. Malik, Z. Hossain","doi":"10.3329/bjodfo.v7i1.43687","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3329/bjodfo.v7i1.43687","url":null,"abstract":"Objectives: To test the hypothesis that there is no difference between adults with Class I crowded (CICR) and Class I normal (CIN) occlusions with respect to width of the maxillary and mandibular arches and gender comparisons. \u0000Materials and Method: In this cross sectional study, 52 pairs of study models were selected from the patients and students of the Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopedics Department of Dhaka Dental Collage and Hospital and were divided into two groups, 27 pair of dental casts with normal occlusion, 25 pair of dental casts with Class I crowded malocclusion including equal males and female samples. \u0000Results: The result of this study evaluated two study groups (Normal occlusion and Class I crowded ). Between different arch dimension maxillary arch widths were found to have significantly smaller in Class I crowded malocclusion compared with Normal Class I occlusion. \u0000Conclusion: In conclusion, the hypothesis was partially rejected by the finding of the study. \u0000Ban J Orthod & Dentofac Orthop, April 2017; Vol-7 (1-2), P.1-5","PeriodicalId":177450,"journal":{"name":"Bangladesh Journal of Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopedics","volume":"19 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-10-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115309269","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-10-23DOI: 10.3329/bjodfo.v7i1.43692
M. Rana, Fazlay Rabbani, Deloar Hosen
Aim: To evaluate the transverse discrepancy in Class II div 2 malocclusion and normal occlusion. Also to test the hypothesis that models with class II div 2 malocclusions may have mean maxillary arch widths significantly smaller than those with normal occlusion. Thus the proposed study will generate interest among the orthodontists for further study over the transverse discrepancy of our patients and guide them to establish effective treatment strategy and their management. Materials and Methods : Cross sectional comparative study was carried out Department of Orthodontics & Dentofacial Orthopedics of Dhaka Dental College & Hospital, Dhaka with 100 sample was included in this study. Results: Maxillary intercanine, interfirst premolar and interfirst molar widths between normal occlusions and class II div 2 malocclusions were statistically significant.Maxillary measurements of class II div 2 malocclusion were smaller than normal occlusion. Mandibular intercanine, interfirst premolar and interfirst molar widths between Class II div 2 malocclusion and normal occlusions were statistically significant. Conclusion: This study helps in determining possible differences in the dental arch widths of Bangladeshi people in Class II-2 adults compared to adults with normal occlusion may be an important aid in further understanding of dentoalveolar characteristics of these conditions, as well as improving their management. Ban J Orthod & Dentofac Orthop, April 2017; Vol-7 (1-2), P.27-30
{"title":"A study on Arch Widths of Bangladeshi Adult Subjects with Class II -2 malocclusion compared to Normal Occlusion","authors":"M. Rana, Fazlay Rabbani, Deloar Hosen","doi":"10.3329/bjodfo.v7i1.43692","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3329/bjodfo.v7i1.43692","url":null,"abstract":"Aim: To evaluate the transverse discrepancy in Class II div 2 malocclusion and normal occlusion. Also to test the hypothesis that models with class II div 2 malocclusions may have mean maxillary arch widths significantly smaller than those with normal occlusion. Thus the proposed study will generate interest among the orthodontists for further study over the transverse discrepancy of our patients and guide them to establish effective treatment strategy and their management. \u0000Materials and Methods : Cross sectional comparative study was carried out Department of Orthodontics & Dentofacial Orthopedics of Dhaka Dental College & Hospital, Dhaka with 100 sample was included in this study. \u0000Results: Maxillary intercanine, interfirst premolar and interfirst molar widths between normal occlusions and class II div 2 malocclusions were statistically significant.Maxillary measurements of class II div 2 malocclusion were smaller than normal occlusion. Mandibular intercanine, interfirst premolar and interfirst molar widths between Class II div 2 malocclusion and normal occlusions were statistically significant. \u0000Conclusion: This study helps in determining possible differences in the dental arch widths of Bangladeshi people in Class II-2 adults compared to adults with normal occlusion may be an important aid in further understanding of dentoalveolar characteristics of these conditions, as well as improving their management. \u0000Ban J Orthod & Dentofac Orthop, April 2017; Vol-7 (1-2), P.27-30","PeriodicalId":177450,"journal":{"name":"Bangladesh Journal of Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopedics","volume":"21 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-10-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126838309","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-10-23DOI: 10.3329/bjodfo.v7i1.43690
Ali Kawsar, Marina Akhtar, Ahsan Habib, Zafrina Islam, Nurul Islam
Background: Oral hygiene maintenance is difficult for patients who are receiving fixed orthodontic treatment. Objective: The aim of the study was to find out deterioration of oral hygiene status during treatment of fixed orthodontic appliances in the Department of Orthodontics in BSMMU. Methodology: This cross sectional study was carried out in the Department of Orthodontics at Bang- abandhu Sheikh Mujib Medical University, Dhaka from July 2013 to July 2014. All the patients taking treatment with fixed orthodontic appliances for more than 6 months were included as study population. During treatment in the OPD all the information of the patients’ oral hygiene maintenance like brush- ing, dental floss use, use of mouthwash, and history of sugar consumption, taking sticky food were recorded. The Orthodontic Plaque Index (OPI) was calculated and recorded. In addition to that frequency of brushing, type of tooth brush, technique of brushing and inter dental brush were also considered. Result: A total number of 100 patients were studied. Mean OPI was 81.78 (22.97). Mean value of OPI was 86.35 (13.27) among patients who brushed their teeth once a day but it was decreased gradually as the patients increased frequency of toothbrush use per day and became 85.74 (±26.12) among the patients who brushed their teeth thrice a day. Mean value of OPI was 81.98 (±23.27) who did not use dental floss and 75.00 (±7.00) who used dental floss once a day. Mean value of OPI was 84.65 (±23.10) who used inter dental brush irregularly but 35.00 (±0.00) who used it thrice a day. Mean value of OPI was 85.70 (±22.43) who did not use mouth wash whereas it reduced to 46.00 (±0.00) among them who used mouth wash thrice a day. Conclusion: All the indexes of oral hygiene are increased in patients treated with fixed orthodontic appliances in the Department of Orthodontics in BSMMU. Ban J Orthod & Dentofac Orthop, April 2017; Vol-7 (1-2), P.16-19
{"title":"Oral Hygiene status among patients treated with fixed orthodontic appliance in the Department of Orthodontics in BSMMU","authors":"Ali Kawsar, Marina Akhtar, Ahsan Habib, Zafrina Islam, Nurul Islam","doi":"10.3329/bjodfo.v7i1.43690","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3329/bjodfo.v7i1.43690","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Oral hygiene maintenance is difficult for patients who are receiving fixed orthodontic treatment. \u0000Objective: The aim of the study was to find out deterioration of oral hygiene status during treatment of fixed orthodontic appliances in the Department of Orthodontics in BSMMU. \u0000Methodology: This cross sectional study was carried out in the Department of Orthodontics at Bang- abandhu Sheikh Mujib Medical University, Dhaka from July 2013 to July 2014. All the patients taking treatment with fixed orthodontic appliances for more than 6 months were included as study population. During treatment in the OPD all the information of the patients’ oral hygiene maintenance like brush- ing, dental floss use, use of mouthwash, and history of sugar consumption, taking sticky food were recorded. The Orthodontic Plaque Index (OPI) was calculated and recorded. In addition to that frequency of brushing, type of tooth brush, technique of brushing and inter dental brush were also considered. \u0000Result: A total number of 100 patients were studied. Mean OPI was 81.78 (22.97). Mean value of OPI was 86.35 (13.27) among patients who brushed their teeth once a day but it was decreased gradually as the patients increased frequency of toothbrush use per day and became 85.74 (±26.12) among the patients who brushed their teeth thrice a day. Mean value of OPI was 81.98 (±23.27) who did not use dental floss and 75.00 (±7.00) who used dental floss once a day. Mean value of OPI was 84.65 (±23.10) who used inter dental brush irregularly but 35.00 (±0.00) who used it thrice a day. Mean value of OPI was 85.70 (±22.43) who did not use mouth wash whereas it reduced to 46.00 (±0.00) among them who used mouth wash thrice a day. Conclusion: All the indexes of oral hygiene are increased in patients treated with fixed orthodontic appliances in the Department of Orthodontics in BSMMU. \u0000Ban J Orthod & Dentofac Orthop, April 2017; Vol-7 (1-2), P.16-19","PeriodicalId":177450,"journal":{"name":"Bangladesh Journal of Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopedics","volume":"9 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-10-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124367315","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-10-23DOI: 10.3329/bjodfo.v7i1.43693
Sayeedul Islam, Z. Hossain
Maxillary central incisor impactions occur infrequently.Their origins include various local causes, such as odontoma, supernumerary teeth, and space loss. Supernumerary and ectopically impacted teeth are asymptomatic and found during routine clinical or radiological examinations. The surgical exposure and orthodontic traction of impacted right central incisor after removal of odontomas is presented in this report. Ban J Orthod & Dentofac Orthop, April 2017; Vol-7 (1-2), P.31-37
{"title":"Impacted Maxillary Central Incisors: Surgical Exposure and Orthodontic Treatment: A Case Report","authors":"Sayeedul Islam, Z. Hossain","doi":"10.3329/bjodfo.v7i1.43693","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3329/bjodfo.v7i1.43693","url":null,"abstract":"Maxillary central incisor impactions occur infrequently.Their origins include various local causes, such as odontoma, supernumerary teeth, and space loss. Supernumerary and ectopically impacted teeth are asymptomatic and found during routine clinical or radiological examinations. The surgical exposure and orthodontic traction of impacted right central incisor after removal of odontomas is presented in this report. \u0000Ban J Orthod & Dentofac Orthop, April 2017; Vol-7 (1-2), P.31-37","PeriodicalId":177450,"journal":{"name":"Bangladesh Journal of Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopedics","volume":"98 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-10-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131918275","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2015-07-04DOI: 10.3329/bjodfo.v3i1.23999
A. Mahmud, A. Taher, M. Sattar, Z. Hossain
A 20 years old male presented with class-I malocclusion with crowding and lock bite on upper right and left lateral incisors. Treatment involved extraction of all first premolars. The alignment of teeth of both arch was achieved by edgewise orthodontic therapy. Ban J Orthod & Dentofac Orthop, April 2017; Vol-7 (1-2), P.38-41
{"title":"Orthodontic Management of Class-i Crowding in an Adult Male: A Case Report","authors":"A. Mahmud, A. Taher, M. Sattar, Z. Hossain","doi":"10.3329/bjodfo.v3i1.23999","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3329/bjodfo.v3i1.23999","url":null,"abstract":"A 20 years old male presented with class-I malocclusion with crowding and lock bite on upper right and left lateral incisors. Treatment involved extraction of all first premolars. The alignment of teeth of both arch was achieved by edgewise orthodontic therapy. \u0000Ban J Orthod & Dentofac Orthop, April 2017; Vol-7 (1-2), P.38-41","PeriodicalId":177450,"journal":{"name":"Bangladesh Journal of Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopedics","volume":"6 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-07-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"134205072","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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