Pub Date : 2019-06-20DOI: 10.15226/2473-2176/4/1/00131
M. Leclerc, A. Jolly, P. Grange
For the first time MHC ClassII gene was described in Echinodermata, so in Invertebrates. For the present time MHC ClassI gene was not found in a significant manner (e-value no significant) but further studies are necessary to conclude about its existence in Echinodermata. To day, these studies lead us to envisage with confidence this research.
{"title":"Mhc Genes In Invertebrates: The Echinodermata","authors":"M. Leclerc, A. Jolly, P. Grange","doi":"10.15226/2473-2176/4/1/00131","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15226/2473-2176/4/1/00131","url":null,"abstract":"For the first time MHC ClassII gene was described in Echinodermata, so in Invertebrates. For the present time MHC ClassI gene was not found in a significant manner (e-value no significant) but further studies are necessary to conclude about its existence in Echinodermata. To day, these studies lead us to envisage with confidence this research.","PeriodicalId":179142,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Vaccine Research","volume":"23 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-06-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129908334","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-06-10DOI: 10.15226/2473-2176/4/1/00130
D. Promkhatkaew, Pinyosukhee Nadthanan, R. Wichajarn, Wilai Thongdeecharoen, Manoch Posung, Suthida Tuntigumthon, R. Tacharoenmuang, R. Guntapong
Since enterovirus A71 is known as a pathogen which may cause severe complications as critical neurological manifestations, pulmonary edema, cardio respiratory failure and even death to infected children, therefore, the vaccine against EV-A71 infection has been expected to prevent such serious problems even in Thailand. In this study, we developed a vaccine candidate from a sub genotype C4 EV-A71 strain collected from a Thai fatal case. The target virus was firstly compared VP1 nucleotide and amino acid identities with other 13 Thai strains of one C4, three C5 and nine B5 sub genotypes. For nucleotide homologies, the virus shared 96.3%, 91.5%, and 90.3%, respectively, while it contained amino acid identities as 99.9%, 100% and 97.2%, with C4, C5 and B5 strains, respectively. Before vaccine development, the target virus was initially confirmed to be a single strain by inoculation of a single plaque serially from first cell culture to another, and the passage 9 still showed positive to the monoclonal antibody against EV-A71 by IFA. For production of the virus, EV-A71 could be cultured very well in Vero cells using roller bottles which the yield was 4.4 4.5 x 109 pfu/ml at day 3 4 post infection. By purification, total proteins left were monitored after 100 kDa tangential flow filtration and 10% – 50% sucrose density gradient centrifugation as 46.2% and 1.0% mean, respectively. Immunogenicity of the inactivated EV-A71 produced was tested in mice. After a single injection of 1 or 2.5 μg purified total proteins, it induced neutralizing antibodies against the homologous virus especially when with alum, as compared to placebo groups. After 2nd immunization, both 1 and 2.5 μg with alum induced many antibodies than those without alum and the groups of a single immunization. The 3rd immunization of the vaccines gave very much titer in all immunized groups even without alum; however, highest was 24,525 TCID50/ml after 4 weeks by 1 μg with alum. All titers seemed to maintain after 6 weeks studied. This study confirmed that an inactivated EV-A71 vaccine with triple injections is a good choice for further development.
{"title":"Neutralizing Antibodies of Inactivated Thai Enterovirus A71 Strain in Mice for Development of Enterovirus A71 Vaccine","authors":"D. Promkhatkaew, Pinyosukhee Nadthanan, R. Wichajarn, Wilai Thongdeecharoen, Manoch Posung, Suthida Tuntigumthon, R. Tacharoenmuang, R. Guntapong","doi":"10.15226/2473-2176/4/1/00130","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15226/2473-2176/4/1/00130","url":null,"abstract":"Since enterovirus A71 is known as a pathogen which may cause severe complications as critical neurological manifestations, pulmonary edema, cardio respiratory failure and even death to infected children, therefore, the vaccine against EV-A71 infection has been expected to prevent such serious problems even in Thailand. In this study, we developed a vaccine candidate from a sub genotype C4 EV-A71 strain collected from a Thai fatal case. The target virus was firstly compared VP1 nucleotide and amino acid identities with other 13 Thai strains of one C4, three C5 and nine B5 sub genotypes. For nucleotide homologies, the virus shared 96.3%, 91.5%, and 90.3%, respectively, while it contained amino acid identities as 99.9%, 100% and 97.2%, with C4, C5 and B5 strains, respectively. Before vaccine development, the target virus was initially confirmed to be a single strain by inoculation of a single plaque serially from first cell culture to another, and the passage 9 still showed positive to the monoclonal antibody against EV-A71 by IFA. For production of the virus, EV-A71 could be cultured very well in Vero cells using roller bottles which the yield was 4.4 4.5 x 109 pfu/ml at day 3 4 post infection. By purification, total proteins left were monitored after 100 kDa tangential flow filtration and 10% – 50% sucrose density gradient centrifugation as 46.2% and 1.0% mean, respectively. Immunogenicity of the inactivated EV-A71 produced was tested in mice. After a single injection of 1 or 2.5 μg purified total proteins, it induced neutralizing antibodies against the homologous virus especially when with alum, as compared to placebo groups. After 2nd immunization, both 1 and 2.5 μg with alum induced many antibodies than those without alum and the groups of a single immunization. The 3rd immunization of the vaccines gave very much titer in all immunized groups even without alum; however, highest was 24,525 TCID50/ml after 4 weeks by 1 μg with alum. All titers seemed to maintain after 6 weeks studied. This study confirmed that an inactivated EV-A71 vaccine with triple injections is a good choice for further development.","PeriodicalId":179142,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Vaccine Research","volume":"31 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-06-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121333132","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2018-12-17DOI: 10.15226/2473-2176/4/1/00129
M. Leclerc
Evidence of breast cancer 1 and 2 genes and Estrogen receptor 1 one were found in the genome of the crinoïd : Antedon bifida( an ancestral Echinodermata) in a significant manner.
{"title":"Human Oncologic Markers Genes In The Crinoïd:Antedon Bifida (Echinodermata)","authors":"M. Leclerc","doi":"10.15226/2473-2176/4/1/00129","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15226/2473-2176/4/1/00129","url":null,"abstract":"Evidence of breast cancer 1 and 2 genes and Estrogen receptor 1 one were found in the genome of the crinoïd : Antedon bifida( an ancestral Echinodermata) in a significant manner.","PeriodicalId":179142,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Vaccine Research","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-12-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130456133","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2018-08-06DOI: 10.15226/2473-2176/4/1/00128
M. Penny, Gabriela Anaya, K. Avila, V. Arevalo, R. Bartolini
Cancer of the cervix can now be prevented by vaccination against human papilloma virus. Demonstration projects have been successful but there are few reports of the challenges related to national school based programs. In conjunction with the Ministry of Health we conducted interviews and a household survey in three contrasting areas of Peru to obtain the perspective of different key actors. Of grade eligible girls 66% had received at least one dose, but 14% had discontinued. The main challenges were logistic: ensuring that that all schools participate; calculating the number of eligible girls; fitting the 3 doses into a 9m school year; written parental consent; coordination with schools; arrangements for a mopping-up strategy; combating discontinuation; reaching the distant and sparsely populated areas; and the additional work burden for health personnel. A lack of media information and educational materials left parents ill-informed but vaccine refusal was unusual. A two dose strategy will reduce the work load and cost but will not solve all the logistics problems. Ensuring an early start to the campaign based on estimated needs; a communication strategy to increase girls and parental motivation and community involvement are likely to increase coverage. Taking advantage of existing parent school interactions and considering “optout”would facilitate the consent process and, if acceptable, should be considered.
{"title":"Challenges in the Introduction of Nation-Wide School-Based Vaccination against HPV in Peru","authors":"M. Penny, Gabriela Anaya, K. Avila, V. Arevalo, R. Bartolini","doi":"10.15226/2473-2176/4/1/00128","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15226/2473-2176/4/1/00128","url":null,"abstract":"Cancer of the cervix can now be prevented by vaccination against human papilloma virus. Demonstration projects have been successful but there are few reports of the challenges related to national school based programs. In conjunction with the Ministry of Health we conducted interviews and a household survey in three contrasting areas of Peru to obtain the perspective of different key actors. Of grade eligible girls 66% had received at least one dose, but 14% had discontinued. The main challenges were logistic: ensuring that that all schools participate; calculating the number of eligible girls; fitting the 3 doses into a 9m school year; written parental consent; coordination with schools; arrangements for a mopping-up strategy; combating discontinuation; reaching the distant and sparsely populated areas; and the additional work burden for health personnel. A lack of media information and educational materials left parents ill-informed but vaccine refusal was unusual. A two dose strategy will reduce the work load and cost but will not solve all the logistics problems. Ensuring an early start to the campaign based on estimated needs; a communication strategy to increase girls and parental motivation and community involvement are likely to increase coverage. Taking advantage of existing parent school interactions and considering “optout”would facilitate the consent process and, if acceptable, should be considered.","PeriodicalId":179142,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Vaccine Research","volume":"11 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-08-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129311547","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2018-07-12DOI: 10.15226/2473-2176/3/1/00127
M. Leclerc, F. Letourneur, D. Davoult, A. Jolly, P. Grange
Immuno-genomics studies realized in Echinodermata (Invertebrates) were surprising. 3 classes out of 5 Echinodermata presented an IGKappa gene and an Fc receptor gene. It was, first demonstrated, in Asterids and Ophuirids. It was, secondly clearly shown, in the ancestral Crinoïd: Antedon bifida.
{"title":"Evidence of Immune Genes in the Crinoid: Antedon Bifida Evidence of A. Bifida Igkappa Gene, Fc Receptor Gene","authors":"M. Leclerc, F. Letourneur, D. Davoult, A. Jolly, P. Grange","doi":"10.15226/2473-2176/3/1/00127","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15226/2473-2176/3/1/00127","url":null,"abstract":"Immuno-genomics studies realized in Echinodermata (Invertebrates) were surprising. 3 classes out of 5 Echinodermata presented an IGKappa gene and an Fc receptor gene. It was, first demonstrated, in Asterids and Ophuirids. It was, secondly clearly shown, in the ancestral Crinoïd: Antedon bifida.","PeriodicalId":179142,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Vaccine Research","volume":"60 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-07-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125399601","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2018-06-15DOI: 10.15226/2473-2176/3/1/00126
Lihua Wang, R. Madera, Yulia Burakova, S. Buist, Y. Sang, J. Nietfeld, J. Henningson, Ada GiselleCino-Ozuna, W. Gong, C. Tu, Jishu Shi
Classical Swine Fever (CSF) and Porcine Reproductive and Respiratory Syndrome (PRRS) are two highly contagious infectious diseases caused by CSF virus (CSFV) and PRRS virus (PRRSV), respectively. Recombinant PRRSV expressing CSFV E2 glycoprotein could be used for the development of bivalent vaccine, antiviral drug or antibody screening assays against PRRSV and CSFV. In this study, a recombinant PRRSV expressing CSFV E2 glycoprotein (p129-CSFV-E2) was constructed. The E2 gene from CSFV C-strain vaccine was cloned and inserted between ORF1b and ORF2 gene of the PRRSV P129 strain. An additional transcriptional regulatory sequence 6 (TRS6) was inserted following the CSFV E2 for driving the transcription of ORF2. The construct efficiently produced progeny viruses and the expressed CSFV E2 protein was detected by immune staining of infected MARC145 cells.The growth ability of the p129-CSFV-E2 virus is comparable to the parental p129 virus. The genetic stability and stable expression of CSFV E2 of P129-CSFV-E2 virus could reach 11 passages in cell culture. The results showed that CSFV E2 glycoprotein could be expressed as a separated subgenomic unit in the PRRSV genome. The recombinant P129-CSFV-E2 virus can be useful for the development of novel vaccines, cell-based high throughput antiviral drug and antibody screening system against PRRSV and CSFV.
{"title":"Construction of Recombinant Porcine Reproductive and Respiratory Syndrome Virus Expressing CSFV E2 Glycoprotein","authors":"Lihua Wang, R. Madera, Yulia Burakova, S. Buist, Y. Sang, J. Nietfeld, J. Henningson, Ada GiselleCino-Ozuna, W. Gong, C. Tu, Jishu Shi","doi":"10.15226/2473-2176/3/1/00126","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15226/2473-2176/3/1/00126","url":null,"abstract":"Classical Swine Fever (CSF) and Porcine Reproductive and Respiratory Syndrome (PRRS) are two highly contagious infectious diseases caused by CSF virus (CSFV) and PRRS virus (PRRSV), respectively. Recombinant PRRSV expressing CSFV E2 glycoprotein could be used for the development of bivalent vaccine, antiviral drug or antibody screening assays against PRRSV and CSFV. In this study, a recombinant PRRSV expressing CSFV E2 glycoprotein (p129-CSFV-E2) was constructed. The E2 gene from CSFV C-strain vaccine was cloned and inserted between ORF1b and ORF2 gene of the PRRSV P129 strain. An additional transcriptional regulatory sequence 6 (TRS6) was inserted following the CSFV E2 for driving the transcription of ORF2. The construct efficiently produced progeny viruses and the expressed CSFV E2 protein was detected by immune staining of infected MARC145 cells.The growth ability of the p129-CSFV-E2 virus is comparable to the parental p129 virus. The genetic stability and stable expression of CSFV E2 of P129-CSFV-E2 virus could reach 11 passages in cell culture. The results showed that CSFV E2 glycoprotein could be expressed as a separated subgenomic unit in the PRRSV genome. The recombinant P129-CSFV-E2 virus can be useful for the development of novel vaccines, cell-based high throughput antiviral drug and antibody screening system against PRRSV and CSFV.","PeriodicalId":179142,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Vaccine Research","volume":"124 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-06-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121289692","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2018-05-29DOI: 10.15226/2473-2176/3/1/00125
C. Luis, M. Cintra, Denicar Lina Nascimento Fabris Maeda, Camila Mathias-Santos, L. R. Pereira, W. B. Luiz, J. F. Rodrigues
Introduction: Heat-labile toxins (LT), produced by enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli (ETEC) strains, exert potent adjuvant effects when admixed or linked to antigens delivered via mucosal, transcutaneous or parenteral routes. There is limited information regarding the impact of preexisting immunity on the immunomodulatory properties of LT, which is frequently observed among people infected with ETEC. Aims: In the present study, we evaluated the effect of anti-LT antibodies on the adjuvant and inflammatory activities triggered by LT admixed with a specific vaccine antigen following subcutaneous administration to mice. Material and Methods/Results: Animals were immunized with dengue virus nonstructural protein (NS1), as model antigen, in combination with native LT in the presence of LT-specific antibodies. Exposure to anti-LT antibodies did not impair the humoral adjuvanticity of LT regarding to the magnitude of the serum anti-NS1 IgG titers. In addition, anti-toxin antibodies did not reduce neutrophil migration nor edema formation after s.c. administration of LT. Nonetheless, administration of LT admixed with anti-LT antibodies changed the local cytokine production profile and modulated the NS1specific T cell responses to a Th1-type pattern. Conclusion: These results indicate that preexisting immunity does not affect the humoral adjuvant activities but may modulate different aspects of both innate and adaptive immune responses induced by parenterally administered LT.
{"title":"Impact of Toxin-Specific Antibodies on the Adjuvanticity and Inflammatory Effects Induced by Parenterally Administered Escherichia coli heat-Labile Toxin","authors":"C. Luis, M. Cintra, Denicar Lina Nascimento Fabris Maeda, Camila Mathias-Santos, L. R. Pereira, W. B. Luiz, J. F. Rodrigues","doi":"10.15226/2473-2176/3/1/00125","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15226/2473-2176/3/1/00125","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction: Heat-labile toxins (LT), produced by enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli (ETEC) strains, exert potent adjuvant effects when admixed or linked to antigens delivered via mucosal, transcutaneous or parenteral routes. There is limited information regarding the impact of preexisting immunity on the immunomodulatory properties of LT, which is frequently observed among people infected with ETEC. Aims: In the present study, we evaluated the effect of anti-LT antibodies on the adjuvant and inflammatory activities triggered by LT admixed with a specific vaccine antigen following subcutaneous administration to mice. Material and Methods/Results: Animals were immunized with dengue virus nonstructural protein (NS1), as model antigen, in combination with native LT in the presence of LT-specific antibodies. Exposure to anti-LT antibodies did not impair the humoral adjuvanticity of LT regarding to the magnitude of the serum anti-NS1 IgG titers. In addition, anti-toxin antibodies did not reduce neutrophil migration nor edema formation after s.c. administration of LT. Nonetheless, administration of LT admixed with anti-LT antibodies changed the local cytokine production profile and modulated the NS1specific T cell responses to a Th1-type pattern. Conclusion: These results indicate that preexisting immunity does not affect the humoral adjuvant activities but may modulate different aspects of both innate and adaptive immune responses induced by parenterally administered LT.","PeriodicalId":179142,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Vaccine Research","volume":"36 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-05-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115560969","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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