Pub Date : 2018-10-02DOI: 10.24094/mkoiee.018.6.1.143
Z. Stanimirović, Serbia Electronics Iritel a.d. Beograd, I. Stanimirović
Energy harvesting is one of the latest possible applications of thick-film technology. In order to replace traditional batteries, energy harvesters are being developed that provide clean and renewable energy sources. Vibration-based harvesting is one of the possible solutions where vibration to electricity conversion mechanism can be implemented using piezoelectric transduction compatible with thick-film technology. Thick-film piezoelectric materials could be used to form free-standing structures similar to traditional cantilever structures that when stressed generate electrical charges. Unlike structures formed using micromachining and thin-film technology, thick-film energy harvesters may provide free-standing structures with thicknesses greater than 50 μm covering area from several mm2 to several cm2. There are several challenges in realization of such thick-film free-standing structures that have to be addressed. They involve both processing conditions and operation in bending mode. This paper aims to address these challenges and explore feasibility of reliable formation and exploitation of thick-film piezoelectric micro generators.
{"title":"Thick-Film Technology for Energy Harvesting","authors":"Z. Stanimirović, Serbia Electronics Iritel a.d. Beograd, I. Stanimirović","doi":"10.24094/mkoiee.018.6.1.143","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.24094/mkoiee.018.6.1.143","url":null,"abstract":"Energy harvesting is one of the latest possible applications of thick-film technology. In order to replace traditional batteries, energy harvesters are being developed that provide clean and renewable energy sources. Vibration-based harvesting is one of the possible solutions where vibration to electricity conversion mechanism can be implemented using piezoelectric transduction compatible with thick-film technology. Thick-film piezoelectric materials could be used to form free-standing structures similar to traditional cantilever structures that when stressed generate electrical charges. Unlike structures formed using micromachining and thin-film technology, thick-film energy harvesters may provide free-standing structures with thicknesses greater than 50 μm covering area from several mm2 to several cm2. There are several challenges in realization of such thick-film free-standing structures that have to be addressed. They involve both processing conditions and operation in bending mode. This paper aims to address these challenges and explore feasibility of reliable formation and exploitation of thick-film piezoelectric micro generators.","PeriodicalId":180103,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the 6th International Conference on Renewable Electrical Power Sources","volume":"31 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-10-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132816676","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2018-10-02DOI: 10.24094/mkoiee.018.6.1.153
N. Koltsaklis, M. Apostolovic, Serbia Beograd
Development and incorporation of renewable electrical energy power sources (REEPS) into electric power systems of the European countries is guided from the one hand by relevant legislative. On the other hand, dynamics of REEPSs application and consequently utilization is dominantly dependent on countries' economic strength to support it through appropriate mechanisms. Therefore, very different experiences, applications and growth rates are evident across European countries. This paper presents an overview of the present states and trends achieved so far, for the South-Eastern Europe region and several selected European countries, namely Germany, the United Kingdom, Denmark and Portugal. It also provides comparative analysis between them, whereas South-Eastern Europe region is observed as a whole, i.e. it is considered as one entity, although this region is comprised out of eleven countries, very different among themselves with respect to REEPS utilization. From this comparison and observed dissimilarities, appropriate conclusions were drawn, indicating plausibility of the present situation and possibilities and needs for the further steps to be taken in each of them with respect to further and continuous REEPS development.
{"title":"Comparison of the Development of Renewable Electrical Energy Power Sources Between Region of South-Eastern Europe and Conveniently Selected European Countries","authors":"N. Koltsaklis, M. Apostolovic, Serbia Beograd","doi":"10.24094/mkoiee.018.6.1.153","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.24094/mkoiee.018.6.1.153","url":null,"abstract":"Development and incorporation of renewable electrical energy power sources (REEPS) into electric power systems of the European countries is guided from the one hand by relevant legislative. On the other hand, dynamics of REEPSs application and consequently utilization is dominantly dependent on countries' economic strength to support it through appropriate mechanisms. Therefore, very different experiences, applications and growth rates are evident across European countries. This paper presents an overview of the present states and trends achieved so far, for the South-Eastern Europe region and several selected European countries, namely Germany, the United Kingdom, Denmark and Portugal. It also provides comparative analysis between them, whereas South-Eastern Europe region is observed as a whole, i.e. it is considered as one entity, although this region is comprised out of eleven countries, very different among themselves with respect to REEPS utilization. From this comparison and observed dissimilarities, appropriate conclusions were drawn, indicating plausibility of the present situation and possibilities and needs for the further steps to be taken in each of them with respect to further and continuous REEPS development.","PeriodicalId":180103,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the 6th International Conference on Renewable Electrical Power Sources","volume":"181 ","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-10-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114004802","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2018-10-02DOI: 10.24094/MKOIEE.018.6.1.115
Nurdin Ćehajić, Termoelektrana Tuzla Jp Elektroprivreda BiH, Jasmin A Fejzic, M. Hodzic, N. Harbaš
In the paper, a thermodynamic analysis of the cogeneration organic Rankin cycle (CHP ORC) for the use of energy from biomass with working fluids was done m-xylene, p-xylene, toluene, MDM (OMTS), D4 (OMCTS), undecane and a mixture (toluene/MDM/m-xylene) in the estimate ratio 33/33/33. The influence of thermodynamic properties of all operating fluids and mixtures on CHP ORC performance in the regenerator and non-regenerator variant is analyzed, and the thermodynamic properties of working fluids and mixtures are optimized with the exergy efficiency of CHP ORC as a function of the target, using the genetic algorithm. The maximum CHP ORC performance values for the corresponding pressure and temperature values at the entrance to the ORC turbine were compared and analyzed under the same conditions of the heat source and defined boundary conditions. Comparative analysis of the CHP ORC parameters shows that more favorable aromatic hydrocarbons (m-xylene, p-xylene and toluene) are used for the exploitation of energy generated by combustion of biomass, since in comparison with siloxanes (MDM, D4 and undecane) they have higher values of exergy efficiency, but also due to their thermodynamic properties, require significantly less dimension of the components (turbines and condenser). The parameters of CHP ORC in working with a mixture of working fluids (toluene/MDM/m-xylene) are somewhere between the value of CHP ORC in working with its components, but are not an arithmetic mean. The comparative analysis of CHP ORC in operation without and with the regenerator for all operating fluids and mixtures shows that the values of exergy efficiency in the CHP ORC application with the regenerator are 2 to 3 % higher than the CHP ORC plant without regenerator, which indicates that the application of these the application contributes to a higher production of electricity with slightly lower production of thermal energy. CHP ORC with a regenerator in operation with all working fluids and mixtures requires slightly more turbine dimensions than the CHP ORC without the regenerator.
{"title":"Thermodynamic Analysis of the Cogeneration Organic Rankine Cycle in the Work With Different Working Fluids for the use of Energy From Biomass","authors":"Nurdin Ćehajić, Termoelektrana Tuzla Jp Elektroprivreda BiH, Jasmin A Fejzic, M. Hodzic, N. Harbaš","doi":"10.24094/MKOIEE.018.6.1.115","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.24094/MKOIEE.018.6.1.115","url":null,"abstract":"In the paper, a thermodynamic analysis of the cogeneration organic Rankin cycle (CHP ORC) for the use of energy from biomass with working fluids was done m-xylene, p-xylene, toluene, MDM (OMTS), D4 (OMCTS), undecane and a mixture (toluene/MDM/m-xylene) in the estimate ratio 33/33/33. The influence of thermodynamic properties of all operating fluids and mixtures on CHP ORC performance in the regenerator and non-regenerator variant is analyzed, and the thermodynamic properties of working fluids and mixtures are optimized with the exergy efficiency of CHP ORC as a function of the target, using the genetic algorithm. The maximum CHP ORC performance values for the corresponding pressure and temperature values at the entrance to the ORC turbine were compared and analyzed under the same conditions of the heat source and defined boundary conditions. Comparative analysis of the CHP ORC parameters shows that more favorable aromatic hydrocarbons (m-xylene, p-xylene and toluene) are used for the exploitation of energy generated by combustion of biomass, since in comparison with siloxanes (MDM, D4 and undecane) they have higher values of exergy efficiency, but also due to their thermodynamic properties, require significantly less dimension of the components (turbines and condenser). The parameters of CHP ORC in working with a mixture of working fluids (toluene/MDM/m-xylene) are somewhere between the value of CHP ORC in working with its components, but are not an arithmetic mean. The comparative analysis of CHP ORC in operation without and with the regenerator for all operating fluids and mixtures shows that the values of exergy efficiency in the CHP ORC application with the regenerator are 2 to 3 % higher than the CHP ORC plant without regenerator, which indicates that the application of these the application contributes to a higher production of electricity with slightly lower production of thermal energy. CHP ORC with a regenerator in operation with all working fluids and mixtures requires slightly more turbine dimensions than the CHP ORC without the regenerator.","PeriodicalId":180103,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the 6th International Conference on Renewable Electrical Power Sources","volume":"73 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-10-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116563353","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2018-10-02DOI: 10.24094/mkoiee.018.6.1.129
S. Kalinović, D. Tanikić, J. Đoković, Jelena Ivaz, M. Zikic
{"title":"Heat Losses Optimization and Energetic Efficiency Analysis of the Technical Faculty in Bor Building","authors":"S. Kalinović, D. Tanikić, J. Đoković, Jelena Ivaz, M. Zikic","doi":"10.24094/mkoiee.018.6.1.129","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.24094/mkoiee.018.6.1.129","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":180103,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the 6th International Conference on Renewable Electrical Power Sources","volume":"19 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-10-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121985572","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2018-10-01DOI: 10.24094/MKOIEE.018.6.1.61
V. Tasić, A. Ivanović, Tatjana Apostolović-Trujić, S. Dimitrijević, M. Cocić
The influence of a new smelting technology in the Copper Smelter Bor on the content and chemical composition (As, Cd, Ni, Pb) of the total atmospheric deposition (TAD) in the Bor town urban areas was analyzed in this paper. The results of measurements the TAD in the period 2014-2015 (old smelting technology) were compared with the results for the period 2016-2017 (new smelting technology). The analysis was carried out for three locations in the Bor town (Technical Faculty - TF, Town Park - TP, and Mining and Metallurgy Institute Bor - IN). As a result of changes in the smelting technology and better treatment of waste gases, predominantly SO2, the pH values of the TAD have changed at all sampling points from acid (5.8 pH) to base (7.8 pH). The increase in the As content as well as the reduction of Cd content in the TAD was also detected at all sampling points while the Ni and Pb contents in the TAD have been slightly changed in the observed period. At the sampling points of the TF and TP, the maximum permissible concentration of the TAD (200 mg·m-2·day-1) for the annual averaging period is exceeded, during the old smelter operation. As a result of better treatment of the smelter waste gases in 2017, only one exceeding of the maximum allowed concentration of the TAD (450 mg·m-2·day-1) in monthly samples was recorded (at the sampling point TF). Only at the TF, the maximum permissible concentration for the annual averaging period is exceeded in 2017. The presence of a very strong (r> 0.8) and strong (0.8 >r>0.6) Pearson correlation between the heavy metals determined in the TAD was observed at all sampling points during the new smelter working period, as opposed to the old smelter working period when these correlations were weaker.
{"title":"The Impact of a New Copper Smelting Technology on the Total Atmospheric Deposition in Bor, Serbia","authors":"V. Tasić, A. Ivanović, Tatjana Apostolović-Trujić, S. Dimitrijević, M. Cocić","doi":"10.24094/MKOIEE.018.6.1.61","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.24094/MKOIEE.018.6.1.61","url":null,"abstract":"The influence of a new smelting technology in the Copper Smelter Bor on the content and chemical composition (As, Cd, Ni, Pb) of the total atmospheric deposition (TAD) in the Bor town urban areas was analyzed in this paper. The results of measurements the TAD in the period 2014-2015 (old smelting technology) were compared with the results for the period 2016-2017 (new smelting technology). The analysis was carried out for three locations in the Bor town (Technical Faculty - TF, Town Park - TP, and Mining and Metallurgy Institute Bor - IN). As a result of changes in the smelting technology and better treatment of waste gases, predominantly SO2, the pH values of the TAD have changed at all sampling points from acid (5.8 pH) to base (7.8 pH). The increase in the As content as well as the reduction of Cd content in the TAD was also detected at all sampling points while the Ni and Pb contents in the TAD have been slightly changed in the observed period. At the sampling points of the TF and TP, the maximum permissible concentration of the TAD (200 mg·m-2·day-1) for the annual averaging period is exceeded, during the old smelter operation. As a result of better treatment of the smelter waste gases in 2017, only one exceeding of the maximum allowed concentration of the TAD (450 mg·m-2·day-1) in monthly samples was recorded (at the sampling point TF). Only at the TF, the maximum permissible concentration for the annual averaging period is exceeded in 2017. The presence of a very strong (r> 0.8) and strong (0.8 >r>0.6) Pearson correlation between the heavy metals determined in the TAD was observed at all sampling points during the new smelter working period, as opposed to the old smelter working period when these correlations were weaker.","PeriodicalId":180103,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the 6th International Conference on Renewable Electrical Power Sources","volume":"15 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"117247696","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2018-10-01DOI: 10.24094/MKOIEE.018.6.1.35
M. Milosavljević, Beograd Srbija ProCredit Bank Ad, Danko Kalkan
This paper provides an example of use of the electric vehicle (EV) Volkswagen E-UP, which be-longs to ProCredit Bank’s car fleet. The aim of this paper is to stress the ecological advantages of the use of the contemporary EV in comparison with conventional diesel vehicles. In this regard, a com-parative overview of the emissions of Green House Gases, based on a practical example of the paral-lel use of EV and diesel vehicles, is given. Also given is an example of the use of a charger for EV with nominal power of 22 kW which uses solar panels with the power of 4.5 kW as a source of energy. Fi-nally, economic benefits are presented, as well as recommendations for the implementation of addi-tional incentivising measures on the macro level, which could further accelerate the demand for this type of transportation on the Republic of Serbia’s market.
{"title":"Benefit Analysis of the Utilisation of Electric Cars on the Example of ProCredit Bank Serbia’s Car Fleet","authors":"M. Milosavljević, Beograd Srbija ProCredit Bank Ad, Danko Kalkan","doi":"10.24094/MKOIEE.018.6.1.35","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.24094/MKOIEE.018.6.1.35","url":null,"abstract":"This paper provides an example of use of the electric vehicle (EV) Volkswagen E-UP, which be-longs to ProCredit Bank’s car fleet. The aim of this paper is to stress the ecological advantages of the use of the contemporary EV in comparison with conventional diesel vehicles. In this regard, a com-parative overview of the emissions of Green House Gases, based on a practical example of the paral-lel use of EV and diesel vehicles, is given. Also given is an example of the use of a charger for EV with nominal power of 22 kW which uses solar panels with the power of 4.5 kW as a source of energy. Fi-nally, economic benefits are presented, as well as recommendations for the implementation of addi-tional incentivising measures on the macro level, which could further accelerate the demand for this type of transportation on the Republic of Serbia’s market.","PeriodicalId":180103,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the 6th International Conference on Renewable Electrical Power Sources","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125709725","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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