In the recent years, there has been marked increase in interest in biodegradable materials for use in packaging, agriculture, medicine, and other areas. In particular, biodegradable polymer materials (known as biocomposites) are of interest. Polymer from the backbone of plastic materials, and are continuously being employed in an expanding range of areas. As a result, many researches are investing time into modifying traditional materials to make them more user friendly, and into designing novel polymer composites out of naturally occurring materials, a number of biological materials may be incorporated into biodegradable polymer materials, with the most common being starch and fiber extracted from various sources of plants. The belief is that biodegradable polymer material will reduce the need of synthetic polymer (thus reducing pollution) at a low cost, thereby producing a positive effect both environmentally and economically. Key words : Biocomposites, Bio-degradable, Polymer, Plastic.
{"title":"Biodegradable Polymer: Material, Method and Application","authors":"A. Kapoor, Pandit M.K","doi":"10.2875/.V1I1.9","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2875/.V1I1.9","url":null,"abstract":"In the recent years, there has been marked increase in interest in biodegradable materials for use in packaging, agriculture, medicine, and other areas. In particular, biodegradable polymer materials (known as biocomposites) are of interest. Polymer from the backbone of plastic materials, and are continuously being employed in an expanding range of areas. As a result, many researches are investing time into modifying traditional materials to make them more user friendly, and into designing novel polymer composites out of naturally occurring materials, a number of biological materials may be incorporated into biodegradable polymer materials, with the most common being starch and fiber extracted from various sources of plants. The belief is that biodegradable polymer material will reduce the need of synthetic polymer (thus reducing pollution) at a low cost, thereby producing a positive effect both environmentally and economically. Key words : Biocomposites, Bio-degradable, Polymer, Plastic.","PeriodicalId":18198,"journal":{"name":"Life Science Research","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-01-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"75916976","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Yusuf Abrahim, Sarika Sharma, K. Daniel, V. Daniel
ABSTRACT- T cell responses that recognize and eradicate cancer cells. However, elimination of cancer by T cells is only one step in the Cancer-Immunity Cycle, which manages the delicate balance between the recognition of onself and the prevention of autoimmunity. Identification of cancer cell T cell inhibitory signals, includingPD-L1, has prompted the development of a new class of cancer immunotherapy that specifically hindersmmune effector inhibition, reinvigorating and potentially expanding preexisting anticancer immune re-sponses. The presence of suppressive factors in the tumor microenvironment may explain the limited activityobserved with previous immune-based therapies and why these therapies may be more effective in combi-nation with agents that target other steps of the cycle. Emerging clinical data suggest that cancer immuno-therapy is likely to become a key part of the clinical management of cancer Keywords- Immunity, Virus ,Cancer, Human Papillomavirus,Therapy.
{"title":"Immunity is Affected by Viral Cancer- A Review","authors":"Yusuf Abrahim, Sarika Sharma, K. Daniel, V. Daniel","doi":"10.2875/.V1I1.5","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2875/.V1I1.5","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT- T cell responses that recognize and eradicate cancer cells. However, elimination of cancer by T cells is only one step in the Cancer-Immunity Cycle, which manages the delicate balance between the recognition of onself and the prevention of autoimmunity. Identification of cancer cell T cell inhibitory signals, includingPD-L1, has prompted the development of a new class of cancer immunotherapy that specifically hindersmmune effector inhibition, reinvigorating and potentially expanding preexisting anticancer immune re-sponses. The presence of suppressive factors in the tumor microenvironment may explain the limited activityobserved with previous immune-based therapies and why these therapies may be more effective in combi-nation with agents that target other steps of the cycle. Emerging clinical data suggest that cancer immuno-therapy is likely to become a key part of the clinical management of cancer Keywords- Immunity, Virus ,Cancer, Human Papillomavirus,Therapy.","PeriodicalId":18198,"journal":{"name":"Life Science Research","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-11-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"75523780","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Microspheres constitute an important part of these particulate drug delivery systems by virtue of their small size and efficient carrier capacity. The success of these microspheres is limited due to their short residence time at site of absorption. It would, therefore be advantageous to have means for providing an intimate contact of the drug delivery system with the absorbing membrane. Microspheres are characteristically free flowing powders consisting of proteins or synthetic polymers which are biodegradable in nature and ideally having a particle size less than 200 μm.The oral route of drug administration constitutes the most convenient and preferred means of drug delivery to systemic circulation of body. This can be achieved by coupling bioadhesion characteristics to microspheres and developing bioadhesive microspheres. Bioadhesive microspheres have advantages like efficient absorption and enhanced bioavailability of the drugs due to a high surface to volume ratio, a much more intimate contact with the mucus layer and specific targeting of drugs to the absorption site. Polyethylene microspheres are commonly used as permanent or temporary filler. Lower melting temperature enables polyethylene microspheres to create porous structures in ceramics and other materials. High sphericity of polyethylene microspheres, as well as availability of colored and fluorescent microspheres, makes them highly desirable for flow visualization and fluid flow analysis, microscopy techniques, health sciences process troubleshooting and numerous research applications. Charged polyethylene microspheres are also used in electronic paper digital displays. Microspheres may be coated with Capture molecules, such as antibodies, oligonucleotides, peptides, etc. for use in Diagnostic or separation applications. Microsphere coatings are typically optimized to achieve desired specific activity, while minimizing nonspecific interactions. Consideration should also be given to the required stability, development time frame And budget, and the specific bimolecular to be coated. These factors will aid in determining the most fitting coating strategy for both short- and long-term objectives. Standard microsphere products support three basic coating strategies: adsorption, covalent coupling, and affinity binding. Better drug utilization will improve the bioavailability and reduce the incidence or intensity of adverse effects.
{"title":"Microsphere in Herbal Drug Delivery System","authors":"D. Sharma","doi":"10.2875/.V1I1.6","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2875/.V1I1.6","url":null,"abstract":"Microspheres constitute an important part of these particulate drug delivery systems by virtue of their small size and efficient carrier capacity. The success of these microspheres is limited due to their short residence time at site of absorption. It would, therefore be advantageous to have means for providing an intimate contact of the drug delivery system with the absorbing membrane. Microspheres are characteristically free flowing powders consisting of proteins or synthetic polymers which are biodegradable in nature and ideally having a particle size less than 200 μm.The oral route of drug administration constitutes the most convenient and preferred means of drug delivery to systemic circulation of body. This can be achieved by coupling bioadhesion characteristics to microspheres and developing bioadhesive microspheres. Bioadhesive microspheres have advantages like efficient absorption and enhanced bioavailability of the drugs due to a high surface to volume ratio, a much more intimate contact with the mucus layer and specific targeting of drugs to the absorption site. Polyethylene microspheres are commonly used as permanent or temporary filler. Lower melting temperature enables polyethylene microspheres to create porous structures in ceramics and other materials. High sphericity of polyethylene microspheres, as well as availability of colored and fluorescent microspheres, makes them highly desirable for flow visualization and fluid flow analysis, microscopy techniques, health sciences process troubleshooting and numerous research applications. Charged polyethylene microspheres are also used in electronic paper digital displays. Microspheres may be coated with Capture molecules, such as antibodies, oligonucleotides, peptides, etc. for use in Diagnostic or separation applications. Microsphere coatings are typically optimized to achieve desired specific activity, while minimizing nonspecific interactions. Consideration should also be given to the required stability, development time frame And budget, and the specific bimolecular to be coated. These factors will aid in determining the most fitting coating strategy for both short- and long-term objectives. Standard microsphere products support three basic coating strategies: adsorption, covalent coupling, and affinity binding. Better drug utilization will improve the bioavailability and reduce the incidence or intensity of adverse effects.","PeriodicalId":18198,"journal":{"name":"Life Science Research","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-11-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"83971972","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Ebola virus disease (EVD) developed in a patient who contracted the disease in Sierra Leone and was airlifted to an isolation facility in Hamburg, Germany, for treatment. During the course of the illness, he had numerous complications, including septicemia, respiratory failure, and encephalopathy. Intensive supportive treatment consisting of high-volume fluid resuscitation (approximately 10 liters per day in the first 72 hours), broad-spectrum antibiotic therapy, and ventilatory support resulted in full recovery without the use of experimental therapies. Discharge was delayed owing to the detection of viral RNA in urine (day 30) and sweat (at the last assessment on day 40) by means of polymerase-chain-reaction (PCR) assay, but the last positive culture was identified in plasma on day 14 and in urine on day 26. This case shows the challenges in the management of EVD and suggests that even severe EVD can be treated effectively with routine intensive care.
{"title":"Current Approaches of Ebola Virus’s","authors":"Lokesh Sharma","doi":"10.2875/.v1i1.1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2875/.v1i1.1","url":null,"abstract":"Ebola virus disease (EVD) developed in a patient who contracted the disease in Sierra Leone and was airlifted to an isolation facility in Hamburg, Germany, for treatment. During the course of the illness, he had numerous complications, including septicemia, respiratory failure, and encephalopathy. Intensive supportive treatment consisting of high-volume fluid resuscitation (approximately 10 liters per day in the first 72 hours), broad-spectrum antibiotic therapy, and ventilatory support resulted in full recovery without the use of experimental therapies. Discharge was delayed owing to the detection of viral RNA in urine (day 30) and sweat (at the last assessment on day 40) by means of polymerase-chain-reaction (PCR) assay, but the last positive culture was identified in plasma on day 14 and in urine on day 26. This case shows the challenges in the management of EVD and suggests that even severe EVD can be treated effectively with routine intensive care.","PeriodicalId":18198,"journal":{"name":"Life Science Research","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-11-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"82134506","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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