S. Choi, H. Lee, Jin Woo Kim, Jihan Yu, H. Choi, Hyung-Keun Kim, S. Kim, H. Chae
Background: Springwater (SW) contains many kinds of minerals such as sodium, potassium and copper. These metallic ions may influence the activity of metallo-enzymes such as urease via competitive inhibition. In this study, we investigated the effect of SW on the inhibition of Ni-containing urease activity, which is essential for the colonization of Helicobacter pylori ( H. pylori ) in the human stomach. Materials and Methods: We studied the growth inhibition of H. pylori by SW. We evaluated ammonia production to detect urease activity and performed western blot analysis of UreA and UreB for enzyme production. Results: SW had no significant effect on bacterial growth. Western blot analysis also showed that SW did not affect the translation of UreA and UreB, but it significantly reduced the urease activities of the Jack bean as well as that of H. pylori f rom 50 to 75%. Conclusion: These results might indicate that the consumption of SW may prevent the colonization of H. pylori and ameliorate the toxic effect on gastric mucosa via the inhibition of urease activity. Keywords: Springwater, H. pylori , Urease activity, Western blot
{"title":"DUKKU AND BAEKAM SPRINGWATER INHIBIT THE UREASE ACTIVITY OF HELICOBACTER PYLORI","authors":"S. Choi, H. Lee, Jin Woo Kim, Jihan Yu, H. Choi, Hyung-Keun Kim, S. Kim, H. Chae","doi":"10.21010/AJTCAM.V16I1.4","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21010/AJTCAM.V16I1.4","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Springwater (SW) contains many kinds of minerals such as sodium, potassium and copper. These metallic ions may influence the activity of metallo-enzymes such as urease via competitive inhibition. In this study, we investigated the effect of SW on the inhibition of Ni-containing urease activity, which is essential for the colonization of Helicobacter pylori ( H. pylori ) in the human stomach. Materials and Methods: We studied the growth inhibition of H. pylori by SW. We evaluated ammonia production to detect urease activity and performed western blot analysis of UreA and UreB for enzyme production. Results: SW had no significant effect on bacterial growth. Western blot analysis also showed that SW did not affect the translation of UreA and UreB, but it significantly reduced the urease activities of the Jack bean as well as that of H. pylori f rom 50 to 75%. Conclusion: These results might indicate that the consumption of SW may prevent the colonization of H. pylori and ameliorate the toxic effect on gastric mucosa via the inhibition of urease activity. Keywords: Springwater, H. pylori , Urease activity, Western blot","PeriodicalId":184132,"journal":{"name":"African Journal of Traditional, Complementary and Alternative Medicine","volume":"6 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-02-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130620537","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Egbe B Besong, G. Ateufack, A. Kamanyi, Aurélien F. A. Moumbock
Background: The leaves of Pseudopanax arboreus have been used traditionally for decades as aphrodisiac without scientific investigation. In this study, the effects of methanolic leaf extract of P. arboreus were evaluated on sexual behavior of normal male rats. Materials and Methods: Twenty-eight adult male rats were randomly grouped into 4 groups of 7 rats each. Rats in group 1 were treated with 10 ml/kg body weight distilled water, group 2 rats received 6mg/kg body weight Viagra™, while the rats in groups 3 and 4 were given 46.5 mg and 93mg/kg body weight respectively of the methanolic extract of the leaves of P. arboreus . Female rats were made receptive by ovariectomy and subsequent hormonal treatment. Sexual behavior parameters were monitored on days 1, 7, 14 and 21 by pairing each male rat to a receptive female. Relative weight of sex organs and hormonal (FSH, LH and testosterone) profile were also determined. Results: Doses of 46.5 mg/kg and 93 mg/kg, the extract significantly increased the mount and intromission frequencies, penile licking and relative weight of sex organs and enhanced testosterone production; and significantly reduced mount and intromission latencies, mean intromission interval, when compared to the distilled water group. The 93 mg/kg body weight dose prolonged ejaculation latency and reduced post-ejaculatory interval. However, the reference drug, Viagra™ proved more efficient than the extract. Conclusion: The methanolic extract of the leaves of P. arboreus possesses aphrodisiac properties which may be due to the actions of bioactive compounds present in the extract. Keywords: Pseudopanax arboreus ; sexual behavior; methanolic extract; aphrodisiac
{"title":"APHRODISIAC EFFECT S OF METHANOLIC LEAF EXTRACT OF PSEUDOPANAX ARBOREUS (ARALIACEAE) (L.F. PHILLIPSON) IN NORMAL MALE RATS","authors":"Egbe B Besong, G. Ateufack, A. Kamanyi, Aurélien F. A. Moumbock","doi":"10.21010/AJTCAM.V16I1.3","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21010/AJTCAM.V16I1.3","url":null,"abstract":"Background: The leaves of Pseudopanax arboreus have been used traditionally for decades as aphrodisiac without scientific investigation. In this study, the effects of methanolic leaf extract of P. arboreus were evaluated on sexual behavior of normal male rats. Materials and Methods: Twenty-eight adult male rats were randomly grouped into 4 groups of 7 rats each. Rats in group 1 were treated with 10 ml/kg body weight distilled water, group 2 rats received 6mg/kg body weight Viagra™, while the rats in groups 3 and 4 were given 46.5 mg and 93mg/kg body weight respectively of the methanolic extract of the leaves of P. arboreus . Female rats were made receptive by ovariectomy and subsequent hormonal treatment. Sexual behavior parameters were monitored on days 1, 7, 14 and 21 by pairing each male rat to a receptive female. Relative weight of sex organs and hormonal (FSH, LH and testosterone) profile were also determined. Results: Doses of 46.5 mg/kg and 93 mg/kg, the extract significantly increased the mount and intromission frequencies, penile licking and relative weight of sex organs and enhanced testosterone production; and significantly reduced mount and intromission latencies, mean intromission interval, when compared to the distilled water group. The 93 mg/kg body weight dose prolonged ejaculation latency and reduced post-ejaculatory interval. However, the reference drug, Viagra™ proved more efficient than the extract. Conclusion: The methanolic extract of the leaves of P. arboreus possesses aphrodisiac properties which may be due to the actions of bioactive compounds present in the extract. Keywords: Pseudopanax arboreus ; sexual behavior; methanolic extract; aphrodisiac","PeriodicalId":184132,"journal":{"name":"African Journal of Traditional, Complementary and Alternative Medicine","volume":"29 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-02-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"117052114","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
S. Rademan, P. Anantharaju, S. Madhunapantula, N. Lall
Background: Cancer is a major cause of death worldwide. Limitations of current cancer therapies necessitate the search for new anticancer drugs. Plants represent an immeasurable source of bioactive compounds for drug discovery. The objective of this study was to assess the anti-proliferative and antioxidant potential of four indigenous South African plants commonly used in traditional medicine. Materials and Methods: The anti-proliferative activity of the plant extracts were assessed by the 2,3-Bis-(2-Methoxy-4-Nitro-5-Sulfophenyl)-2 H -Tetrazolium-5-Carboxanilide (XTT) assay on A431; HaCat; HeLa; MCF-7 and UCT-Mel 1 cells and sulforhodamine-B (SRB) assay on HCT-116 and HCT-15 cell lines. Antioxidant activity was determined using the 2, 2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH), nitric oxide (NO) and superoxide scavenging assays. Results: Three of the plant extracts ( Combretum mollefruit , Euclea crispa subsp. crispa leaves and stems and Sideroxylon inerme leaves and stems showed anti-proliferative activity on the A431 cells with IC 50 values ranging between 26.9 - 46.7 μg/ml. The Euclea crispa subsp. crispa extract also showed anti-proliferative activity on the MCF-7 cell line (45.7 μg/ml). All of the plant extracts ( Combretum molle leaves and fruit, Euclea crispa subsp. crispa leaves and stems, Sideroxylon inerme leaves and stems and Terminalia prunioides leaves and stems) showed DPPH scavenging activity with IC 50 values ranging from 1.8 μg/ml to 11.5 μg/ml. Conclusion: These results indicate that the active extracts of Combretum molle , Euclea crispa subsp. Crispa and Sideroxylon inerme warrant further investigation to determine the mechanism of anti-proliferative activity against cancerous cells. These plant extracts also show potential for further evaluation in the prevention and treatment of cancer. Keywords: South African plants, Traditional medicine, Anti-proliferative activity, Antioxidant activity
背景:癌症是世界范围内死亡的主要原因。当前癌症治疗方法的局限性使我们有必要寻找新的抗癌药物。植物是药物开发中不可估量的生物活性化合物的来源。本研究的目的是评估传统医学中常用的四种南非本土植物的抗增殖和抗氧化潜力。材料与方法:采用2,3-双-(2-甲氧基-4-硝基-5-巯基)-2 H -四氮唑-5-羧基苯胺(XTT)法测定植物提取物的抗增殖活性;HaCat;海拉;MCF-7和UCT-Mel 1细胞以及HCT-116和HCT-15细胞系的硫代丹- b (SRB)测定。采用2,2 -二苯基-1-苦味酰肼(DPPH)、一氧化氮(NO)和超氧化物清除法测定抗氧化活性。结果:三种植物提取物(蚕豆、蚕豆等)均有显著性差异。crispa叶茎和Sideroxylon叶茎对A431细胞有抑制增殖作用，ic50值在26.9 ~ 46.7 μg/ml之间。crispa亚科。crispa提取物对MCF-7细胞株也有抗增殖作用(45.7 μg/ml)。所有植物提取物(Combretum molle叶子和果实，Euclea crispa subsp.;crispa叶片和茎、Sideroxylon叶片和茎、Terminalia proprooides叶片和茎)具有清除DPPH的活性，ic50值在1.8 ~ 11.5 μg/ml之间。结论:本实验结果表明，菟丝子、菟丝子的活性提取物具有良好的药理活性。Crispa和Sideroxylon inme值得进一步研究，以确定其抗癌细胞增殖活性的机制。这些植物提取物在预防和治疗癌症方面也显示出进一步评估的潜力。关键词:南非植物，传统药物，抗增殖活性，抗氧化活性
{"title":"THE ANTI - PROLIFERATIVE AND ANTIOXIDANT ACTIVITY OF FOUR INDIGENOUS SOUTH AFRICAN PLANTS","authors":"S. Rademan, P. Anantharaju, S. Madhunapantula, N. Lall","doi":"10.21010/AJTCAM.V16I1.2","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21010/AJTCAM.V16I1.2","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Cancer is a major cause of death worldwide. Limitations of current cancer therapies necessitate the search for new anticancer drugs. Plants represent an immeasurable source of bioactive compounds for drug discovery. The objective of this study was to assess the anti-proliferative and antioxidant potential of four indigenous South African plants commonly used in traditional medicine. Materials and Methods: The anti-proliferative activity of the plant extracts were assessed by the 2,3-Bis-(2-Methoxy-4-Nitro-5-Sulfophenyl)-2 H -Tetrazolium-5-Carboxanilide (XTT) assay on A431; HaCat; HeLa; MCF-7 and UCT-Mel 1 cells and sulforhodamine-B (SRB) assay on HCT-116 and HCT-15 cell lines. Antioxidant activity was determined using the 2, 2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH), nitric oxide (NO) and superoxide scavenging assays. Results: Three of the plant extracts ( Combretum mollefruit , Euclea crispa subsp. crispa leaves and stems and Sideroxylon inerme leaves and stems showed anti-proliferative activity on the A431 cells with IC 50 values ranging between 26.9 - 46.7 μg/ml. The Euclea crispa subsp. crispa extract also showed anti-proliferative activity on the MCF-7 cell line (45.7 μg/ml). All of the plant extracts ( Combretum molle leaves and fruit, Euclea crispa subsp. crispa leaves and stems, Sideroxylon inerme leaves and stems and Terminalia prunioides leaves and stems) showed DPPH scavenging activity with IC 50 values ranging from 1.8 μg/ml to 11.5 μg/ml. Conclusion: These results indicate that the active extracts of Combretum molle , Euclea crispa subsp. Crispa and Sideroxylon inerme warrant further investigation to determine the mechanism of anti-proliferative activity against cancerous cells. These plant extracts also show potential for further evaluation in the prevention and treatment of cancer. Keywords: South African plants, Traditional medicine, Anti-proliferative activity, Antioxidant activity","PeriodicalId":184132,"journal":{"name":"African Journal of Traditional, Complementary and Alternative Medicine","volume":"7 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-02-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122070793","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
F. Ruiz, A. Barrera, E. P. Alquicira, J. C. A. Pérez, R. R. Ramos, J. S. Santos
Background: Inhibition of carbohydrate hydrolyzing enzymes, such as α-amylase and α-glucosidase, is a key element in the regulation of diabetes mellitus (DM). The purpose of this work was to study the inhibition of carbohydrate hydrolyzing enzymes, and the antihyperglycemic activity of aqueous extract of Cladocolea (C . loniceroides ) in streptozotocin (STZ)- induced diabetic mice. Materials and Methods: The inhibitory activities of C. loniceroides aqueous extract on α-amylase and α-glucosidase were investigated in vitro . Glucose tolerance test was performed in normoglycemic (NG) mice which were fed with starch or sucrose. The effect of mistletoe aqueous extract (ME) was measured in (STZ)-induced diabetic mice. On day 35 of the treatment, the effect of decreasing oxidative stress (lipid peroxidation, glutathione redox state, GPx and GR specific activities, cytokines and aminotransferases analysis) was assessed. Results: ME showed a competitive mode of inhibition for the carbohydrate hydrolyzing enzymes (CHE). The maximum antihyperglycemic activity in mice was observed for the unripe fruit aqueous extract (UFAE) for α-amylase and stem aqueous extract (SAE); for α-glucosidase due to the glycemic response reduction by 23% or 35%, respectively. UFAE decreased malondialdehyde (MDA) 1.76 times; GSH/GSSG ratio was mantained (3.08 ± 0.66); GPx activity was reduced (24%); IL-6 was reduced (18%) and the concentration of TNF-α (37%) was leveled with respect to the (STZ)-induced diabetic mice; ALT and AST (liver transaminases) levels were nearly the same compared with those found in the NG mice. Conclusion: UFAE of C. loniceroides exhibited the highest antidiabetic activity in (STZ)-induced diabetic mice. Keywords: Diabetes mellitus, Cladocolea loniceroides , antihyperglycemic, antidiabetic, oxidative stress and α-glucosidase
{"title":"ANTIHYPERGLYCEMIC, ANTIOXIDANT AND ANTI-INFLAMMATORY EFFECTS OF AQUEOUS EXTRACT OF MISTLETOE (Cladocolea loniceroides) IN STZ-INDUCED DIABETIC MICE","authors":"F. Ruiz, A. Barrera, E. P. Alquicira, J. C. A. Pérez, R. R. Ramos, J. S. Santos","doi":"10.21010/AJTCAM.V16I1.1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21010/AJTCAM.V16I1.1","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Inhibition of carbohydrate hydrolyzing enzymes, such as α-amylase and α-glucosidase, is a key element in the regulation of diabetes mellitus (DM). The purpose of this work was to study the inhibition of carbohydrate hydrolyzing enzymes, and the antihyperglycemic activity of aqueous extract of Cladocolea (C . loniceroides ) in streptozotocin (STZ)- induced diabetic mice. Materials and Methods: The inhibitory activities of C. loniceroides aqueous extract on α-amylase and α-glucosidase were investigated in vitro . Glucose tolerance test was performed in normoglycemic (NG) mice which were fed with starch or sucrose. The effect of mistletoe aqueous extract (ME) was measured in (STZ)-induced diabetic mice. On day 35 of the treatment, the effect of decreasing oxidative stress (lipid peroxidation, glutathione redox state, GPx and GR specific activities, cytokines and aminotransferases analysis) was assessed. Results: ME showed a competitive mode of inhibition for the carbohydrate hydrolyzing enzymes (CHE). The maximum antihyperglycemic activity in mice was observed for the unripe fruit aqueous extract (UFAE) for α-amylase and stem aqueous extract (SAE); for α-glucosidase due to the glycemic response reduction by 23% or 35%, respectively. UFAE decreased malondialdehyde (MDA) 1.76 times; GSH/GSSG ratio was mantained (3.08 ± 0.66); GPx activity was reduced (24%); IL-6 was reduced (18%) and the concentration of TNF-α (37%) was leveled with respect to the (STZ)-induced diabetic mice; ALT and AST (liver transaminases) levels were nearly the same compared with those found in the NG mice. Conclusion: UFAE of C. loniceroides exhibited the highest antidiabetic activity in (STZ)-induced diabetic mice. Keywords: Diabetes mellitus, Cladocolea loniceroides , antihyperglycemic, antidiabetic, oxidative stress and α-glucosidase","PeriodicalId":184132,"journal":{"name":"African Journal of Traditional, Complementary and Alternative Medicine","volume":"41 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-02-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128088196","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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