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Enraged, Rattled, and Wronged最新文献

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Entitlement’s Cruel Cousins 权利的残酷表兄弟
Pub Date : 2021-06-17 DOI: 10.1093/OSO/9780197578438.003.0003
Kristin J. Anderson
Chapter 2, Entitlement’s Cruel Cousins, surveys the psychological correlates of entitlement. What attitudes coincide with entitlement that perpetuate inequality? For example, entitlement is associated with overconfidence and immodesty. Entitlement is also associated with individualism and the belief in the myth of meritocracy. From poverty to sexual assault, those who value individualism and meritocracy tend to see bad things happening to people as their own fault. Entitlement is linked to narcissism as well. Finally, entitlement is also correlated with dangerous worldviews such as authoritarianism and social dominance orientation—both of which are necessary to examine given trends toward increased authoritarian political tactics in the United States and globally.
第二章“权利的残酷表亲”,考察了权利的心理关联。什么样的态度与权利一致,使不平等永久化?例如,权利与过度自信和不谦虚联系在一起。权利还与个人主义和对精英统治神话的信仰有关。从贫穷到性侵犯,那些重视个人主义和精英主义的人往往把发生在别人身上的坏事看作是他们自己的错。权利也与自恋有关。最后,权利还与危险的世界观有关,比如威权主义和社会支配取向——这两种观点都是研究美国和全球日益增加的威权政治策略趋势所必需的。
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引用次数: 0
Conclusion 结论
Pub Date : 2021-06-17 DOI: 10.1093/oso/9780197578438.003.0008
K. Anderson
The conclusion presents the consequences of entitlement for individuals, the planet, and democracy. Entitlement makes people cognitively inflexible but also behaviorally, professionally, and politically unable to adapt to change. Dominant group members do not believe they should have to change and adapt, and they react emotionally when they are asked to do so. Economically struggling White people support policies that are self-destructive to themselves and their communities. Many White people vote according to their racial status against their economic needs. They support politicians who offer policies that objectively advantage the wealthy and harm working-class and poor White people. Entitlement can help us understand climate change denial if we consider it in the context of anti-intellectualism, individualism, and fragile masculinity—topics covered in previous chapters. Finally, entitlement could end democracy. The grievance politics of the entitled has knocked down some crucial pillars that historically have upheld democracy in the United States. In order to stay in power, Republican politicians must cheat because their initiatives are so unpopular, they would not win elections if everyone voted. Therefore, they gerrymander districts to absurdity, they remove voters of color from voter lists, they close voting locations in ethnic minority communities, and they limit early voting, weekend voting, and even voting by mail during a global pandemic.
结论展示了权利对个人、地球和民主的影响。权利使人们在认知上缺乏灵活性,在行为上、职业上和政治上也无法适应变化。占主导地位的群体成员不认为他们应该改变和适应,当他们被要求这样做时,他们会做出情绪化的反应。在经济上挣扎的白人支持的政策对他们自己和他们的社区都是自我毁灭的。许多白人根据他们的种族地位而不是他们的经济需要来投票。他们支持那些提出客观上有利于富人、损害工薪阶层和贫穷白人的政策的政客。如果我们把它放在反智主义、个人主义和脆弱的男子气概的背景下考虑——这些话题在前面的章节中已经讨论过了——权利可以帮助我们理解否认气候变化。最后,权利可能终结民主。权力者的不满政治已经摧毁了历史上支撑美国民主的一些关键支柱。为了继续执政,共和党政客必须作弊,因为他们的提案非常不受欢迎,如果每个人都投票,他们就不会赢得选举。因此,他们把选区划分得很不合理,他们把有色人种的选民从选民名单上除名,他们关闭少数民族社区的投票站,他们限制提前投票、周末投票,甚至在全球大流行期间限制邮寄投票。
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引用次数: 0
Enraged, Rattled, and Wronged 愤怒、慌乱、委屈
Pub Date : 2021-06-17 DOI: 10.1093/OSO/9780197578438.001.0001
K. Anderson
The political context producing the Donald Trump presidency put into stark relief the confusion, feelings of victimization, and rage of some constituencies that voted for him. Enraged, Rattled, and Wronged: Entitlement’s Response to Social Progress explores the role of entitlement in fostering inequality in the United States. Scholars and activists in recent decades have correctly incorporated the topic of privilege into discussions of prejudice and discrimination. White privilege, male privilege, heterosexual privilege, and class privilege exemplify the unearned advantages given to socially preferred groups—advantages not enjoyed by marginalized groups. As a result, activists and scholars of prejudice integrate an examination of discrimination against target groups, alongside the corresponding benefits that come to those viewed as the societal norm and ideal (e.g., Whites, heterosexuals, and men). Enraged, Rattled, and Wronged examines psychological entitlement as an overlooked but essential feature of persistent inequality. Psychological entitlement refers to one’s sense of deservingness. In understanding resistance to social progress we must understand how members of advantaged groups come to understand their belief in their own worthiness relative to those in disadvantaged groups. The task of this project is an urgent inquiry given our current political context: What happens to entitled people when they feel pushed aside? What are they willing to tear down as they scramble to keep their grip on relative status and power? This book explores the predictable and unpredictable ways in which entitlement preserves and perpetuates inequality.
唐纳德·特朗普当选总统的政治背景使一些投票给他的选民的困惑、受害感和愤怒变得淋漓尽致。《愤怒、慌乱和委屈:权利对社会进步的回应》探讨了权利在助长美国不平等中的作用。近几十年来,学者和活动人士正确地将特权的话题纳入了对偏见和歧视的讨论中。白人特权、男性特权、异性恋特权和阶级特权都是社会优先群体获得的不劳而获的优势的例证——边缘群体没有享受到的优势。因此,研究偏见的活动家和学者将对目标群体的歧视的审查与那些被视为社会规范和理想的人(如白人、异性恋者和男性)的相应利益结合起来。《愤怒、慌乱和委屈》将心理权利视为持续不平等的一个被忽视但又必不可少的特征。心理权利是指一个人的应得感。在理解社会进步的阻力时,我们必须理解优势群体的成员是如何理解他们对自己相对于弱势群体的价值的信念的。鉴于我们当前的政治背景,这个项目的任务是一项紧迫的调查:当有资格的人感到被排挤时,他们会怎么样?为了保住自己的相对地位和权力,他们愿意拆毁什么?这本书探讨了权利保护和延续不平等的可预测和不可预测的方式。
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引用次数: 0
Entitlement’s Enablers: Parents and Teachers 权利的推动者:家长和老师
Pub Date : 2021-06-17 DOI: 10.1093/OSO/9780197578438.003.0004
K. Anderson
This chapter explores the development of entitlement in individuals. What entities surrounding the newborn, the child, and young adult facilitate the sense of deservingness that some people have relative to others? This chapter begins with the role that parents play in producing a child with a social dominance orientation or authoritarian tendencies: two ideologies that are associated with entitlement. Parents’ ideas about race and gender are also significant in how their child will think about their place in the world. Globally, boys are the preferred gender, and this preference is due to the fact that in most cultures, men have more status and power than do women. Chapter 3 explores the gendered treatment of children by caregivers, beginning with parents’ attitudes toward their newborn daughters and sons. Adult heterosexual men tend to have a sense of domestic entitlement, meaning they feel justified doing less domestic labor than their spouse. This sense of entitlement begins with the toys and then chores parents assign to their daughters and sons. Chapter 3 next examines teachers’ role in facilitating entitlement. Teachers’ expectations and treatment of students unintentionally influences entitlement in boys relative to girls, and in White students relative to students of color. If teachers’ expectations (and biases) can have a measurable impact over the course of one school year, imagine the consequences over a student’s entire academic career. Being the normative racial category allows one to be given the benefit of the doubt when it comes to school discipline. Unlike students of color, for White kids, the school experience allows them to feel entitled to impartial or even preferential treatment by law enforcement and the criminal legal system.
本章探讨个人权利的发展。新生儿、儿童和年轻人周围的什么实体促进了一些人相对于他人的应得感?本章从父母在培养具有社会支配倾向或专制倾向的孩子中所起的作用开始:这两种意识形态与权利有关。父母对种族和性别的看法对孩子如何看待他们在世界上的位置也很重要。在全球范围内,男孩是首选的性别,这种偏好是由于在大多数文化中,男性比女性拥有更多的地位和权力。第三章探讨了照顾者对儿童的性别对待,从父母对新生女儿和儿子的态度开始。成年异性恋男性往往有一种家庭权利感,这意味着他们觉得比配偶做的家务少是合理的。这种权利感始于玩具,然后是父母分配给儿女的家务。第三章接着探讨教师在促进权利方面的作用。教师对学生的期望和对待无意中影响了男孩相对于女孩的权利,以及白人学生相对于有色人种学生的权利。如果教师的期望(和偏见)可以在一个学年的过程中产生可衡量的影响,那么想象一下对学生整个学术生涯的影响。作为一个规范的种族类别,当涉及到学校纪律时,一个人可以被给予怀疑的好处。与有色人种学生不同,对于白人孩子来说,学校的经历让他们觉得自己有权得到执法部门和刑事司法系统的公正甚至优惠待遇。
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Enraged, Rattled, and Wronged
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