Pub Date : 2020-03-27DOI: 10.3366/edinburgh/9781474424806.003.0003
Caron E. Gentry
The chapter begins by looking at a feminist conceptualisation of civil disorder as related to gender and the threat of the feminine to public order. Understanding that the feminine is already disordered is important, but so is post-colonialism and Queer theory’s arguments that there are other forms of disorder as well. This idea of disorder as a deviation from power structures aligns nicely with ‘epistemic biases,’ which is both introduced and applied to terrorism. The perspective that terrorism is devoid of any rationality and morality are examples of an epistemic bias. Therefore, the rest of the chapter explores rationality and morality in further depth through the New Terrorism thesis and the Westphalian myth, respectively.
{"title":"Intersecting Terrorism Studies","authors":"Caron E. Gentry","doi":"10.3366/edinburgh/9781474424806.003.0003","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3366/edinburgh/9781474424806.003.0003","url":null,"abstract":"The chapter begins by looking at a feminist conceptualisation of civil disorder as related to gender and the threat of the feminine to public order. Understanding that the feminine is already disordered is important, but so is post-colonialism and Queer theory’s arguments that there are other forms of disorder as well. This idea of disorder as a deviation from power structures aligns nicely with ‘epistemic biases,’ which is both introduced and applied to terrorism. The perspective that terrorism is devoid of any rationality and morality are examples of an epistemic bias. Therefore, the rest of the chapter explores rationality and morality in further depth through the New Terrorism thesis and the Westphalian myth, respectively.","PeriodicalId":193177,"journal":{"name":"Disordered Violence","volume":"103 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-03-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122602774","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-03-27DOI: 10.3366/edinburgh/9781474424806.003.0004
Caron E. Gentry
If the previous chapters look at how gender, race, and heteronormative structures work in the abstract, this chapter looks at how these biases bleed downward, impacting individuals labelled as ‘terrorists.’ It begins by engaging with scholarship that examines terrorism for gender, race, heteronormativity, class, and more. It therefore establishes the biases that do exist within work on terrorism. The second part of the chapter builds on this work to critically intersectionally analyse the profiles of eight well-known ‘terrorist’ actors: Andreas Baader, Bernardino Dohrn, Leila Khaled, Jose Mujica, Dhanu, Anders Breivik, Nidal Hassan, and Aafia Siddiqui. Instead of relying on well-known discourses about these individuals, the chapter employs the method of ‘asking the other question.’ By doing so, it becomes more evident how the structures shape understandings of these individuals and their connection to violence.
{"title":"Strange Bedfellows: What Happens When We Ask the Other Question?","authors":"Caron E. Gentry","doi":"10.3366/edinburgh/9781474424806.003.0004","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3366/edinburgh/9781474424806.003.0004","url":null,"abstract":"If the previous chapters look at how gender, race, and heteronormative structures work in the abstract, this chapter looks at how these biases bleed downward, impacting individuals labelled as ‘terrorists.’ It begins by engaging with scholarship that examines terrorism for gender, race, heteronormativity, class, and more. It therefore establishes the biases that do exist within work on terrorism. The second part of the chapter builds on this work to critically intersectionally analyse the profiles of eight well-known ‘terrorist’ actors: Andreas Baader, Bernardino Dohrn, Leila Khaled, Jose Mujica, Dhanu, Anders Breivik, Nidal Hassan, and Aafia Siddiqui. Instead of relying on well-known discourses about these individuals, the chapter employs the method of ‘asking the other question.’ By doing so, it becomes more evident how the structures shape understandings of these individuals and their connection to violence.","PeriodicalId":193177,"journal":{"name":"Disordered Violence","volume":"31 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-03-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127694381","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-03-27DOI: 10.3366/edinburgh/9781474424806.003.0001
Caron E. Gentry
The introduction situates the book at the crossroads of Critical Military Studies, Feminist Security Studies, and Critical Terrorism Studies. It pays particular attention to hierarchies and poses the question of how the West, primarily, got to such a polarised moment, one pitted between the ‘baddie’ terrorist and the ‘goodie’ counter-terrorist. All three sub-disciplines lead us to some understanding of the binaries within the War on Terror. Yet, each of them contributes something different; helping us to recognise the intersection of gender, race, and heteronormativity, thereby moving beyond dichotomy into a more complex understanding of terrorism. This chapter therefore lays out an intersectional discourse analysis of ‘asking the other question,’ which interrogates how gender, race, heteronormativity, class, etc., all intersect in marginalising individuals, here those labelled as ‘terrorists.’
{"title":"Introduction: Welcome to the Grey","authors":"Caron E. Gentry","doi":"10.3366/edinburgh/9781474424806.003.0001","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3366/edinburgh/9781474424806.003.0001","url":null,"abstract":"The introduction situates the book at the crossroads of Critical Military Studies, Feminist Security Studies, and Critical Terrorism Studies. It pays particular attention to hierarchies and poses the question of how the West, primarily, got to such a polarised moment, one pitted between the ‘baddie’ terrorist and the ‘goodie’ counter-terrorist. All three sub-disciplines lead us to some understanding of the binaries within the War on Terror. Yet, each of them contributes something different; helping us to recognise the intersection of gender, race, and heteronormativity, thereby moving beyond dichotomy into a more complex understanding of terrorism. This chapter therefore lays out an intersectional discourse analysis of ‘asking the other question,’ which interrogates how gender, race, heteronormativity, class, etc., all intersect in marginalising individuals, here those labelled as ‘terrorists.’","PeriodicalId":193177,"journal":{"name":"Disordered Violence","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-03-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129820580","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-03-27DOI: 10.3366/edinburgh/9781474424806.003.0006
Caron E. Gentry
This chapter creates an academically grounded argument for ‘misogynistic terrorism.’ It traces out a historical trajectory for this idea. It builds upon a much older legacy of ‘patriarchal terrorism,’ which examines a particular type of domestic abuse, one that is enduring, controlling, and dependent upon patriarchal structures. Overtime, different scholars have morphed the term and definition from patriarchal to intimate to everyday terrorism. With each turn, the idea of this form of terrorism broadened to include other forms of gender-based violence. Nevertheless, all of these violence were still dependent upon patriarchal structures and misogynist ideology. Misogynist terrorism goes even further by including the mass shootings in the US, where women are the disproportionate victims, and the rise of Incel violence.
{"title":"What Does Not Get Counted: Misogynistic Terrorism","authors":"Caron E. Gentry","doi":"10.3366/edinburgh/9781474424806.003.0006","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3366/edinburgh/9781474424806.003.0006","url":null,"abstract":"This chapter creates an academically grounded argument for ‘misogynistic terrorism.’ It traces out a historical trajectory for this idea. It builds upon a much older legacy of ‘patriarchal terrorism,’ which examines a particular type of domestic abuse, one that is enduring, controlling, and dependent upon patriarchal structures. Overtime, different scholars have morphed the term and definition from patriarchal to intimate to everyday terrorism. With each turn, the idea of this form of terrorism broadened to include other forms of gender-based violence. Nevertheless, all of these violence were still dependent upon patriarchal structures and misogynist ideology. Misogynist terrorism goes even further by including the mass shootings in the US, where women are the disproportionate victims, and the rise of Incel violence.","PeriodicalId":193177,"journal":{"name":"Disordered Violence","volume":"25 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-03-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125455245","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-03-27DOI: 10.3366/edinburgh/9781474424806.003.0002
Caron E. Gentry
This chapter argues that one of the central debates within Terrorism Studies will never be resolved: that of an agreed upon, objective definition. Several Terrorism Studies scholars believe that Terrorism Studies would be better off if it arrived at an objective definition for terrorism. Yet, this chapter demonstrates that how terrorism is largely understood is dependent upon various social structures, including gender, race, and heteronormativity. Thus, a thicker understanding of terrorism would acknowledge that it is an essentially contested concept or as an ‘utterance’. An agreed upon definition would present only a thin understanding, erasing the social structures that shape our understanding. Therefore, the chapter relies upon the concept of ‘aphasia,’ or calculated forgettings, from Critical Race theory. This concept holds that Western thought and society has purposefully forgotten how race and racialisation work to deny people of colour many things, including rationality, intelligence, and agency. Gender and heteronormativity operate in a similar way. Such operations infect all areas of life—the purpose of this chapter is to look at terrorism.
{"title":"The Structural Signification of Terrorism","authors":"Caron E. Gentry","doi":"10.3366/edinburgh/9781474424806.003.0002","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3366/edinburgh/9781474424806.003.0002","url":null,"abstract":"This chapter argues that one of the central debates within Terrorism Studies will never be resolved: that of an agreed upon, objective definition. Several Terrorism Studies scholars believe that Terrorism Studies would be better off if it arrived at an objective definition for terrorism. Yet, this chapter demonstrates that how terrorism is largely understood is dependent upon various social structures, including gender, race, and heteronormativity. Thus, a thicker understanding of terrorism would acknowledge that it is an essentially contested concept or as an ‘utterance’. An agreed upon definition would present only a thin understanding, erasing the social structures that shape our understanding. Therefore, the chapter relies upon the concept of ‘aphasia,’ or calculated forgettings, from Critical Race theory. This concept holds that Western thought and society has purposefully forgotten how race and racialisation work to deny people of colour many things, including rationality, intelligence, and agency. Gender and heteronormativity operate in a similar way. Such operations infect all areas of life—the purpose of this chapter is to look at terrorism.","PeriodicalId":193177,"journal":{"name":"Disordered Violence","volume":"104 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-03-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115467757","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-03-27DOI: 10.3366/edinburgh/9781474424806.003.0005
Caron E. Gentry
This chapter examines the racialisation and gendering of rationality further. It begins by looking at different conceptualisations of rationality, including ‘bounded’ and ‘think’ rationality. It then turns to the the decolonialism literature, noting that as much as social scientists work to approach rationality from a new perspective, it is impossible to erase the gendered, racialised, and heteronormative expectations behind it. Thus, when Terrorism Studies, and notably Critical Terrorism Studies, attempt to rescue ‘terrorist’ actors from earlier claims of irrationality, problems still remain. It still presumes rationality exists and, by not dealing with the problematic discourses behind rationality claims, these discourses are inadvertently reapplied. The chapter then turns to making an important claim that irrationality and radicalisation are synonymous. It looks then at the discourses of radicalisation in counter-terrorism, particularly in two different cases of Prevent Tragedies and the blind spot towards white extremism in the US.
{"title":"Ir/rationality: Radicalisation, ‘Black Extremism’ and Prevent Tragedies","authors":"Caron E. Gentry","doi":"10.3366/edinburgh/9781474424806.003.0005","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3366/edinburgh/9781474424806.003.0005","url":null,"abstract":"This chapter examines the racialisation and gendering of rationality further. It begins by looking at different conceptualisations of rationality, including ‘bounded’ and ‘think’ rationality. It then turns to the the decolonialism literature, noting that as much as social scientists work to approach rationality from a new perspective, it is impossible to erase the gendered, racialised, and heteronormative expectations behind it. Thus, when Terrorism Studies, and notably Critical Terrorism Studies, attempt to rescue ‘terrorist’ actors from earlier claims of irrationality, problems still remain. It still presumes rationality exists and, by not dealing with the problematic discourses behind rationality claims, these discourses are inadvertently reapplied. The chapter then turns to making an important claim that irrationality and radicalisation are synonymous. It looks then at the discourses of radicalisation in counter-terrorism, particularly in two different cases of Prevent Tragedies and the blind spot towards white extremism in the US.","PeriodicalId":193177,"journal":{"name":"Disordered Violence","volume":"6 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-03-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127676531","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-03-27DOI: 10.3366/edinburgh/9781474424806.003.0007
Caron E. Gentry
This chapter returns the reader to the questions posed in earlier chapters, particularly looking at who gets harmed when the label of terrorist is used. It argues that scholars—and policy-makers and journalists, amongst others—have a responsibility to their subject matter and to the individuals they study. Thus, to use ‘terrorism’ and ‘terrorist’ as a label may at times be apt, but using the label comes with power and that must be recognised. To use the label relies upon historical gendered, racialised, and heteronormative understandings and structures. Therefore, ‘terrorism’ is never written nor spoken in a neutral way; it always come with some (or a great deal of) harm.
{"title":"Conclusion: Disordered Violence","authors":"Caron E. Gentry","doi":"10.3366/edinburgh/9781474424806.003.0007","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3366/edinburgh/9781474424806.003.0007","url":null,"abstract":"This chapter returns the reader to the questions posed in earlier chapters, particularly looking at who gets harmed when the label of terrorist is used. It argues that scholars—and policy-makers and journalists, amongst others—have a responsibility to their subject matter and to the individuals they study. Thus, to use ‘terrorism’ and ‘terrorist’ as a label may at times be apt, but using the label comes with power and that must be recognised. To use the label relies upon historical gendered, racialised, and heteronormative understandings and structures. Therefore, ‘terrorism’ is never written nor spoken in a neutral way; it always come with some (or a great deal of) harm.","PeriodicalId":193177,"journal":{"name":"Disordered Violence","volume":"294 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-03-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124220381","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
京公网安备 11010802042870号
京ICP备2023020795号-1
扫码关注我们
求助内容：
应助结果提醒方式：