NPJ Aging and Mechanisms of Disease最新文献

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Message from the new Co-Editor-in-Chief. 来自新任联合主编的信息。

IF 5 Q1 GERIATRICS & GERONTOLOGY

NPJ Aging and Mechanisms of Disease

Pub Date : 2017-02-15 eCollection Date: 2017-01-01 DOI: 10.1038/s41514-017-0003-1

Shin-Ichiro Imai

引用次数: 0

Functionally and morphologically damaged mitochondria observed in auditory cells under senescence-inducing stress. 衰老诱导应激下听觉细胞线粒体功能和形态损伤。

IF 5 Q1 GERIATRICS & GERONTOLOGY

NPJ Aging and Mechanisms of Disease

Pub Date : 2017-01-25 eCollection Date: 2017-01-01 DOI: 10.1038/s41514-017-0002-2

Teru Kamogashira, Ken Hayashi, Chisato Fujimoto, Shinichi Iwasaki, Tatsuya Yamasoba

We aimed at determining the mitochondrial function in premature senescence model of auditory cells. Short exposure to H₂O₂ (1 h, 0.1 mM) induced premature cellular senescence in House Ear Institute-Organ of Corti 1 auditory cells. The transmission electron microscopy analysis revealed that damaged mitochondria and autophagosomes containing dense organelles appeared in the auditory cells after short exposure to H₂O₂. The branch and junction parameters of the skeletonized image of the mitochondria were found to decrease significantly in H₂O₂-treated cells. A branched reticulum of tubules was poorly formed, featuring coexistence of numerous tiny clusters along with few relatively large entities in the H₂O₂-treated cells. In terms of bioenergetics, H₂O₂-treatment led to the dose-dependent decrease in mitochondrial membrane potential in the auditory cells. The fragmented mitochondria (fusion < fission) were in a low potential. In addition, the potential of hyperfused mitochondria (fusion > fission) was slightly lower than the control cells. The short-time exposure of live auditory cells to H₂O₂ damaged the mitochondrial respiratory capacity without any effect on the baseline ATP production rates. The vulnerability of the mitochondrial membrane potential to the uncoupling reagent was increased after H₂O₂ treatment. Our findings indicated that the mitochondrial dysfunction due to the decline in the O₂ consumption rate should be the first event of premature senescence process in the auditory cells, resulting in the imbalance of mitochondrial fusion/fission and the collapse of the mitochondrial network.

目的探讨听觉细胞早衰模型中线粒体功能的变化。短时间暴露于H2O2 (1 h, 0.1 mM)可诱导Corti 1型内耳听觉器官细胞过早衰老。透射电镜分析显示，短时间接触H2O2后，听觉细胞出现线粒体和含有致密细胞器的自噬体损伤。在h2o2处理的细胞中，线粒体骨架图像的分支和连接参数显著降低。在h2o2处理的细胞中，一个分枝的小管网形成不良，具有许多微小簇和少数相对较大的实体共存的特点。在生物能学方面，h2o2处理导致听细胞线粒体膜电位呈剂量依赖性降低。线粒体碎片化(融合裂变)略低于对照细胞。活体听觉细胞短时间暴露于H2O2会损伤线粒体呼吸能力，但对基线ATP生成率没有影响。H2O2处理后，线粒体膜电位对解偶联剂的易损性增加。我们的研究结果表明，由耗氧量下降引起的线粒体功能障碍应该是听觉细胞过早衰老过程的第一个事件，导致线粒体融合/裂变失衡，线粒体网络崩溃。

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引用次数: 1

How does hormesis impact biology, toxicology, and medicine? 激效是如何影响生物学、毒理学和医学的?

IF 5 Q1 GERIATRICS & GERONTOLOGY

NPJ Aging and Mechanisms of Disease

Pub Date : 2017-01-01 DOI: 10.1038/s41514-017-0013-z

Edward J Calabrese, Mark P Mattson

Hormesis refers to adaptive responses of biological systems to moderate environmental or self-imposed challenges through which the system improves its functionality and/or tolerance to more severe challenges. The past two decades have witnessed an expanding recognition of the concept of hormesis, elucidation of its evolutionary foundations, and underlying cellular and molecular mechanisms, and practical applications to improve quality of life. To better inform future basic and applied research, we organized and re-evaluated recent hormesis-related findings with the intent of incorporating new knowledge of biological mechanisms, and providing fundamental insights into the biological, biomedical and risk assessment implications of hormesis. As the literature on hormesis is expanding rapidly into new areas of basic and applied research, it is important to provide refined conceptualization of hormesis to aid in designing and interpreting future studies. Here, we establish a working compartmentalization of hormesis into ten categories that provide an integrated understanding of the biological meaning and applications of hormesis.

激效是指生物系统对适度的环境或自我施加的挑战做出的适应性反应，通过这种反应，系统可以提高其功能和/或对更严重挑战的耐受性。在过去的二十年里，人们对激效概念的认识不断扩大，对其进化基础和潜在的细胞和分子机制的阐明，以及在提高生活质量方面的实际应用。为了更好地为未来的基础和应用研究提供信息，我们组织并重新评估了最近与激效相关的发现，目的是结合生物学机制的新知识，并为激效在生物学、生物医学和风险评估方面的意义提供基本见解。随着有关激效的文献迅速扩展到基础和应用研究的新领域，提供精确的激效概念对于设计和解释未来的研究非常重要。在这里，我们将激效划分为十个类别，以提供对激效的生物学意义和应用的综合理解。

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引用次数: 324

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