Pub Date : 2014-06-01DOI: 10.31390/gradschool_theses.3340
M. T. Kularathna, C. Overstreet, E. Mcgawley, D. Xavier, C. M. Martín
Greenhouse and field studies were conducted to evaluate the effect of soil nutrients on reniform nematode ( Rotylenchulus reniformis ) reproduction and pathogenicity on cotton ( Gossypium hirsutum ). Initial greenhouse studies examined phosphorus (P) and potassium (K) at very low (10 or 44 mg kg-1) and high (50 or 123 mg kg-1) levels, respectively. Phosphorus produced significant increases in plant height and shoot and root dry weights as well as significant reductions in numbers of nematodes in soil and eggs from roots. Subsequent greenhouse studies evaluated increasing levels of P (10, 20, 35, 60, and 73 mg kg-1), K (44, 70, 106, 123, and 153 mg kg-1), and sulfur (S) at 3, 12, 20, 40, and 50 mg kg-1on cotton growth and nematode reproduction. Phosphorus significantly increased plant height at 15 and 30 d and shoot and root weights at 60 d. Potassium and S had no effect on plant growth with the exception of the highest level of S, which significantly reduced plant height and shoot dry weights. Overall, as P level increased, reproduction of the reniform nematode decreased. Potassium and S, irrespective of level, had no effect on densities of eggs or soil stages of the nematode. Field trials with cotton included combinations of P at 44.8 or 112 kg ha-1and S at 5.6 or 22.4 kg ha-1with or without 1, 3-dichloropropene at 28.1 L ha-1. Nematicide application significantly reduced nematode population density at mid-season and harvest in 2011 and at planting in 2012. In both 2011 and 2012, management of soil nutrients did not significantly influence nematode reproduction. In both years, seed cotton yield was significantly increased with nematicide, but not with supplemental nutrients.
通过温室和田间试验,评价了土壤养分对肾形线虫(Rotylenchulus reniformis)繁殖和对棉花(Gossypium hirsutum)致病性的影响。最初的温室研究分别检测了极低(10或44 mg kg-1)和高(50或123 mg kg-1)水平的磷(P)和钾(K)。施磷显著增加了植株的株高、茎和根的干重,显著减少了土壤中的线虫和根卵的数量。随后的温室研究评估了磷(10、20、35、60和73 mg kg-1)、钾(44、70、106、123和153 mg kg-1)和硫(S)在3、12、20、40和50 mg kg-1水平下对棉花生长和线虫繁殖的影响。磷处理显著提高了15和30 d的株高,显著提高了60 d的茎重和根重。除最高水平的S显著降低了株高和茎干重外,钾和S对植株生长无影响。总体而言,随着磷水平的增加,肾形线虫的繁殖减少。钾和S在不同水平下对线虫卵密度和土壤阶段没有影响。棉花田间试验包括施磷量为44.8或112 kg hm -1,施磷量为5.6或22.4 kg hm -1,加或不加1,3 -二氯丙烯量为28.1 L hm -1。施用杀线虫剂可显著降低2011年季中、收获期和2012年播种期的线虫种群密度。在2011年和2012年,土壤养分管理对线虫繁殖没有显著影响。在这两年中,施用杀线虫剂显著提高了棉籽棉产量,而施用补养剂则没有显著提高。
{"title":"Influence of soil nutrients on reproduction and pathogenicity of Rotylenchulus reniformis on cotton","authors":"M. T. Kularathna, C. Overstreet, E. Mcgawley, D. Xavier, C. M. Martín","doi":"10.31390/gradschool_theses.3340","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31390/gradschool_theses.3340","url":null,"abstract":"Greenhouse and field studies were conducted to evaluate the effect of soil nutrients on reniform nematode ( Rotylenchulus reniformis ) reproduction and pathogenicity on cotton ( Gossypium hirsutum ). Initial greenhouse studies examined phosphorus (P) and potassium (K) at very low (10 or 44 mg kg-1) and high (50 or 123 mg kg-1) levels, respectively. Phosphorus produced significant increases in plant height and shoot and root dry weights as well as significant reductions in numbers of nematodes in soil and eggs from roots. Subsequent greenhouse studies evaluated increasing levels of P (10, 20, 35, 60, and 73 mg kg-1), K (44, 70, 106, 123, and 153 mg kg-1), and sulfur (S) at 3, 12, 20, 40, and 50 mg kg-1on cotton growth and nematode reproduction. Phosphorus significantly increased plant height at 15 and 30 d and shoot and root weights at 60 d. Potassium and S had no effect on plant growth with the exception of the highest level of S, which significantly reduced plant height and shoot dry weights. Overall, as P level increased, reproduction of the reniform nematode decreased. Potassium and S, irrespective of level, had no effect on densities of eggs or soil stages of the nematode. Field trials with cotton included combinations of P at 44.8 or 112 kg ha-1and S at 5.6 or 22.4 kg ha-1with or without 1, 3-dichloropropene at 28.1 L ha-1. Nematicide application significantly reduced nematode population density at mid-season and harvest in 2011 and at planting in 2012. In both 2011 and 2012, management of soil nutrients did not significantly influence nematode reproduction. In both years, seed cotton yield was significantly increased with nematicide, but not with supplemental nutrients.","PeriodicalId":19464,"journal":{"name":"Nematropica","volume":"44 1","pages":"15-24"},"PeriodicalIF":0.5,"publicationDate":"2014-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"69690974","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Sogut, M.A. and Devran, Z., 2011. Distribution and Molecular Identification of Root Lesion Nematodes in Temperate Fruit Orchards of Turkey. Nematropica 41:91-99. Root lesion nematodes are important migratory endoparasitic nematodes attacking temperate fruits in the West Mediterranean region of Turkey. A rapid and accurate method to identify Pratylenchus to the species level is necessary to develop management strategies. Seventy-eight populations of the root lesion nematode were collected from the temperate fruit production region in Turkey, including fruit orchards in Isparta and Antalya provinces. Species-specific primers and rDNA primers were used to identify Pratylenchus spp. Distribution ratios of the sampled root lesion nematode populations were 50%, 45%, 2.5% and 2.5% for P. thornei, P. neglectus, P. penetrans, and P. crenatus, respectively. The present study indicated that P. thornei and P. neglectus were widespread on temperate fruits in the West Mediterranean region of Turkey. Sogut, M.A. and Devran, Z., 2011. Distribucion e Identificacion Molecular de Pratylenchus en frutales de Turquia. Nematropica 41:91-99. Los nematodos lesionadores son endoparasitos migratorios de importancia que atacan los frutales de clima templado en la region Mediterranea Occidental de Turquia. Se requiere un metodo confiable y rapido para identificar las species de Pratylenchus que permita desarrollar estrategias de manejo. Se colectaron 78 poblaciones de Pratylenchus de la region productora de frutas en Turquia, incluyendo muestras de frutales en las provincias de Isparta y Antalya. Se utilizaron cebadores especificos de especie y las regiones de rDNA para identificar las species de Pratylenchus. La distribucion de frecuencia de especies hallada en las poblaciones fue de 50%, 45%, 2.5% y 2.5% para P. thornei, P. neglectus, P. penetrans y P. crenatus, respectivamente. Este estudio indica que P. thornei y P. neglectus se encuentran ampliamente distribuidas en frutales de clima templado en la region Mediterranea Occidental de Turquia.
{"title":"DISTRIBUTION AND MOLECULAR IDENTIFICATION OF ROOT LESION NEMATODES IN TEMPERATE FRUIT ORCHARDS OF TURKEY","authors":"M. Sogut, Z. Devran","doi":"10.5072/ZENODO.31846","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5072/ZENODO.31846","url":null,"abstract":"Sogut, M.A. and Devran, Z., 2011. Distribution and Molecular Identification of Root Lesion Nematodes in Temperate Fruit Orchards of Turkey. Nematropica 41:91-99. Root lesion nematodes are important migratory endoparasitic nematodes attacking temperate fruits in the West Mediterranean region of Turkey. A rapid and accurate method to identify Pratylenchus to the species level is necessary to develop management strategies. Seventy-eight populations of the root lesion nematode were collected from the temperate fruit production region in Turkey, including fruit orchards in Isparta and Antalya provinces. Species-specific primers and rDNA primers were used to identify Pratylenchus spp. Distribution ratios of the sampled root lesion nematode populations were 50%, 45%, 2.5% and 2.5% for P. thornei, P. neglectus, P. penetrans, and P. crenatus, respectively. The present study indicated that P. thornei and P. neglectus were widespread on temperate fruits in the West Mediterranean region of Turkey. Sogut, M.A. and Devran, Z., 2011. Distribucion e Identificacion Molecular de Pratylenchus en frutales de Turquia. Nematropica 41:91-99. Los nematodos lesionadores son endoparasitos migratorios de importancia que atacan los frutales de clima templado en la region Mediterranea Occidental de Turquia. Se requiere un metodo confiable y rapido para identificar las species de Pratylenchus que permita desarrollar estrategias de manejo. Se colectaron 78 poblaciones de Pratylenchus de la region productora de frutas en Turquia, incluyendo muestras de frutales en las provincias de Isparta y Antalya. Se utilizaron cebadores especificos de especie y las regiones de rDNA para identificar las species de Pratylenchus. La distribucion de frecuencia de especies hallada en las poblaciones fue de 50%, 45%, 2.5% y 2.5% para P. thornei, P. neglectus, P. penetrans y P. crenatus, respectivamente. Este estudio indica que P. thornei y P. neglectus se encuentran ampliamente distribuidas en frutales de clima templado en la region Mediterranea Occidental de Turquia.","PeriodicalId":19464,"journal":{"name":"Nematropica","volume":"41 1","pages":"91-99"},"PeriodicalIF":0.5,"publicationDate":"2011-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"70790315","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2007-12-01DOI: 10.31390/gradschool_dissertations.3583
M. Pontif, E. Mcgawley
Pontif, M. J. and E. C. McGawley. 2007. The Influence of Morningglory (Ipomoea lacunosa), Hemp Sesbania (Sesbania exaltata) and Johnsongrass (Sorghum halepense) on Reproduction of Rotylenchulus reniformis on Cotton (Gossypium hirsutum) and Soybean (Glycine max). Nematropica 37: 295-305. Reniform nematodes that parasitize cotton and soybean can also reproduce on a wide spectrum of weed species, thereby maintaining nematode populations during the off-season. Microplot studies were conducted to evaluate the effects of three endemic weed species, morningglory (Ipomoea lacunosa), hemp sesbania (Sesbania exaltata), and johnsongrass (Sorghum halepense), on reproduction of the reniform nematode, Rotylenchulus reniformis on cotton (LA. 887) and soybean (Pioneer 96B21). Over two years of microplot trials, the co-culture of cotton with any of the three weed species suppressed numbers of reniform nematode juveniles in soil significantly. When grown singly, reproductive values of R. reniformis after 60 days on cotton averaged 69.0, while those for morningglory, hemp sesbania, and johnsongrass averaged 42.0, 23.5, and 18.0, respectively. Reproductive values on cotton co-cultured with morningglory averaged 38.5. Those for the cotton-hemp sesbania and cotton-johnsongrass combinations averaged 23.5 and 26.0, respectively. Nematode reproduction on soybean alone, and co-cultured with each of the three weeds, reduced reproduction of reniform nematode only in the presence of johnsongrass in two trials. Data from two subsequent 45-day duration greenhouse experiments conducted with cotton and leachates from each of the three weed species support the hypothesis that suppression of reniform nematode reproduction likely resulted from the secretion of allelopathic compounds by weed roots.
M. J. Pontif和E. C. McGawley。2007. Morningglory (Ipomoea lacunosa)、Sesbania exaltata (Sesbania exaltata)和Johnsongrass (Sorghum halepense)对棉花(Gossypium hirsutum)和大豆(Glycine max)上小轮虫繁殖的影响。线虫病杂志37:295-305。寄生在棉花和大豆上的肾形线虫也可以在各种杂草上繁殖,从而在淡季维持线虫种群。采用小样研究方法,评价了3种特有杂草——牵牛花(Ipomoea lacunosa)、大田麻(sesbania exaltata)和强johngrass (Sorghum halepense)对棉花肾形线虫(Rotylenchulus reniformis)繁殖的影响。887)和大豆(先锋96B21)。在两年的小田试验中,棉花与三种杂草中的任何一种共培养都能显著抑制土壤中肾形线虫幼虫的数量。单独生长时,60 d后,金丝桃在棉花上的平均繁殖值为69.0,在牵牛花、田麻和强johngrass上的平均繁殖值分别为42.0、23.5和18.0。与晨光共栽棉花的繁殖值平均为38.5。棉-麻田葵和棉-强生草组合的平均值分别为23.5和26.0。线虫在大豆上的繁殖,以及与三种杂草中的每一种共培养,在两个试验中,仅在约翰逊草存在的情况下,肾形线虫的繁殖减少。随后用棉花和三种杂草的渗滤液进行的为期45天的温室实验的数据支持了一种假设,即杂草根系分泌化感物质可能抑制肾形线虫的繁殖。
{"title":"The influence of morningglory (Ipomoea lacunosa), hemp sesbania (Sesbania exaltata), and johnsongrass (Sorghum halepense) on reproduction of Rotylenchulus reniformis on cotton Gossypium hirsutum L. and soybean Glycine max. (L.) merrill","authors":"M. Pontif, E. Mcgawley","doi":"10.31390/gradschool_dissertations.3583","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31390/gradschool_dissertations.3583","url":null,"abstract":"Pontif, M. J. and E. C. McGawley. 2007. The Influence of Morningglory (Ipomoea lacunosa), Hemp Sesbania (Sesbania exaltata) and Johnsongrass (Sorghum halepense) on Reproduction of Rotylenchulus reniformis on Cotton (Gossypium hirsutum) and Soybean (Glycine max). Nematropica 37: 295-305. Reniform nematodes that parasitize cotton and soybean can also reproduce on a wide spectrum of weed species, thereby maintaining nematode populations during the off-season. Microplot studies were conducted to evaluate the effects of three endemic weed species, morningglory (Ipomoea lacunosa), hemp sesbania (Sesbania exaltata), and johnsongrass (Sorghum halepense), on reproduction of the reniform nematode, Rotylenchulus reniformis on cotton (LA. 887) and soybean (Pioneer 96B21). Over two years of microplot trials, the co-culture of cotton with any of the three weed species suppressed numbers of reniform nematode juveniles in soil significantly. When grown singly, reproductive values of R. reniformis after 60 days on cotton averaged 69.0, while those for morningglory, hemp sesbania, and johnsongrass averaged 42.0, 23.5, and 18.0, respectively. Reproductive values on cotton co-cultured with morningglory averaged 38.5. Those for the cotton-hemp sesbania and cotton-johnsongrass combinations averaged 23.5 and 26.0, respectively. Nematode reproduction on soybean alone, and co-cultured with each of the three weeds, reduced reproduction of reniform nematode only in the presence of johnsongrass in two trials. Data from two subsequent 45-day duration greenhouse experiments conducted with cotton and leachates from each of the three weed species support the hypothesis that suppression of reniform nematode reproduction likely resulted from the secretion of allelopathic compounds by weed roots.","PeriodicalId":19464,"journal":{"name":"Nematropica","volume":"37 1","pages":"295-306"},"PeriodicalIF":0.5,"publicationDate":"2007-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"69690249","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1996-08-01DOI: 10.21273/HORTSCI.31.4.632A
L. Santamaría, R. Mulrooney, S. Kitto
Solanum quitoense, a perennial herbaceous plant native to the tropical regions of Ecuador and Colombia, is susceptible to root-knot nematode, Meloidogyne incognita (Kofoid & White) Chitwood. The objectives of this study were to develop protocols for screening regenerants of S. quitoense for response to root-knot nematode. Internodal stem segments cultured on MS medium supplemented with BA (4.4 to 44 µ M) were the most regenerative explants. Growth regulators were not required to proliferate, root and reestablish S. quitoense. Sterile cultures of M.incognita were initiated and maintained on S. quitoense root cultures. Root-knot nematode response for the regenerants was evaluated by screening greenhouse- and in vitro-rooted microcuttings. Screening in the greenhouse of 248 regenerants of S. quitoense 'Dulce' inoculated with 1,000 eggs of M. incognita resulted in 21 regenerants having five or fewer galls. Further screening of these 21 regenerants in the greenhouse determined that nine had greater fresh weights and one regenerant produced more eggs per plant when compared to the susceptible control. Reproductive factor (Rf) values and Host Resistance Classification (HRC) percentages suggest that five regenerants had reduced nematode reproduction.
{"title":"SCREENING FOR ROOT-KNOT NEMATODE RESPONSE IN SOMACLONAL VARIANTS OF SOLANUM QUITOENSE LAM.","authors":"L. Santamaría, R. Mulrooney, S. Kitto","doi":"10.21273/HORTSCI.31.4.632A","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21273/HORTSCI.31.4.632A","url":null,"abstract":"Solanum quitoense, a perennial herbaceous plant native to the tropical regions of Ecuador and Colombia, is susceptible to root-knot nematode, Meloidogyne incognita (Kofoid & White) Chitwood. The objectives of this study were to develop protocols for screening regenerants of S. quitoense for response to root-knot nematode. Internodal stem segments cultured on MS medium supplemented with BA (4.4 to 44 µ M) were the most regenerative explants. Growth regulators were not required to proliferate, root and reestablish S. quitoense. Sterile cultures of M.incognita were initiated and maintained on S. quitoense root cultures. Root-knot nematode response for the regenerants was evaluated by screening greenhouse- and in vitro-rooted microcuttings. Screening in the greenhouse of 248 regenerants of S. quitoense 'Dulce' inoculated with 1,000 eggs of M. incognita resulted in 21 regenerants having five or fewer galls. Further screening of these 21 regenerants in the greenhouse determined that nine had greater fresh weights and one regenerant produced more eggs per plant when compared to the susceptible control. Reproductive factor (Rf) values and Host Resistance Classification (HRC) percentages suggest that five regenerants had reduced nematode reproduction.","PeriodicalId":19464,"journal":{"name":"Nematropica","volume":"34 1","pages":"73-82"},"PeriodicalIF":0.5,"publicationDate":"1996-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"67968997","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}