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G-Jitter Effects on Chaotic Convection in a Rotating Fluid Layer 旋转流体层中g抖动对混沌对流的影响
P. Kiran
The effect of gravity modulation and rotation on chaotic convection is investigated. A system of differential equation like Lorenz model has been obtained using the Galerkin-truncated Fourier series approximation. The nonlinear nature of the problem, i.e., chaotic convection, is investigated in a rotating fluid layer in the presence of g-jitter. The NDSolve Mathematica 2017 is employed to obtain the numerical solutions of Lorenz system of equations. It is found that there is a proportional relation between Taylor number and the scaled Rayleigh number R in the presence of modulation. This means that chaotic convection can be delayed (for increasing value of R) or advanced with suitable adjustments of Taylor number and amplitude and frequency of gravity modulation. Further, heat transfer results are obtained in terms of finite amplitude. Finally, we conclude that the transition from steady convection to chaos depends on the values of Taylor number and g-jitter parameter.
研究了重力调制和旋转对混沌对流的影响。利用伽辽金截断傅立叶级数近似得到了一类类似洛伦兹模型的微分方程系统。该问题的非线性性质,即混沌对流,研究了在旋转流体层中存在g抖动。利用NDSolve Mathematica 2017软件获得Lorenz方程组的数值解。研究发现,在调制存在的情况下,泰勒数与换算后的瑞利数R成正比关系。这意味着可以通过适当调整泰勒数和重力调制的幅度和频率来延迟混沌对流(增加R值)或推进混沌对流。此外,换热结果是在有限振幅下得到的。最后,我们得出了从稳定对流到混沌的转变取决于泰勒数和g抖动参数的值。
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引用次数: 3
Study of Morphological, Electrical and Optical behaviour of Amorphous Chalcogenide Semiconductor 非晶硫系半导体的形态、电学和光学行为研究
Mohsin Ganaie, M. Zulfequar
Amorphous chalcogenide semiconductor plays a key role in search for novel func-tional materials with excellent optical and electrical properties. The science of chalcogenide semiconductor (CS) show broad spectrum of soluble alloy and a wider band gap device that access the optimal energy bandgap. The electronic properties of these alloys can be tuned by controlling the proportion of (S, Se, Te). The chalcogenide semiconducting (CS) alloys are promising candidates because of low band gap (1.0–1.6 eV) and high extinction coefficient in the visible region of solar spectrum. The band structure of amorphous semiconductor governed the transport properties and evaluates various factors such as Tauc gap, defect states, mobility edges. In the extended and localized state of amorphous semiconductor an electron goes various transition, absorption/ emission, transport which is due to drift and diffusion under DC electric fields. CS, including sulfides, selenides, and tellurides, have been broadly utilized in variety of energy conversion and storage devices for example, solar cells, fuel cells, light-emitting diodes, IR detector, Li/Na-ion batteries, supercapacitors, thermoelectric devices, etc. Here, we report various morphological electrical, structural, and optical properties of InSeS thin films prepared by Melt Quenching thermal evaporation technique.
非晶硫系半导体在寻找具有优异光学和电学性能的新型功能材料中起着关键作用。硫系半导体(CS)具有广谱的可溶合金和获得最佳能带的更宽带隙器件。这些合金的电子性能可以通过控制(S, Se, Te)的比例来调节。硫系半导体(CS)合金在太阳光谱可见区具有低带隙(1.0 ~ 1.6 eV)和高消光系数的优点,是很有前途的候选材料。非晶半导体的能带结构决定了其输运性质,并对Tauc隙、缺陷态、迁移率边缘等因素进行了评价。在非晶半导体的扩展态和局域态中,电子在直流电场作用下发生各种跃迁、吸收/发射、输运,这是由漂移和扩散引起的。CS包括硫化物、硒化物和碲化物,已广泛应用于各种能量转换和存储器件,如太阳能电池、燃料电池、发光二极管、红外探测器、Li/ na离子电池、超级电容器、热电器件等。在这里,我们报告了熔融淬火热蒸发技术制备的inse薄膜的各种形态、电学、结构和光学性质。
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引用次数: 3
Recent Advancement on the Excitonic and Biexcitonic Properties of Low-Dimensional Semiconductors 低维半导体的激子和双激子特性研究进展
A. Armǎşelu
Knowing excitonic and biexcitonic properties of low-dimensional semiconductors systems is extremely important for the discovery of new physical effects and for the development of novel optoelectronics applications. This review work furnishes an interdisciplinary analysis of the fundamental features of excitons and biexcitons in two-dimensional semiconductor structures, one-dimensional semiconductor structures, and zero-dimensional (0D) semiconductor structures. There is a focus on spectral and dynamical properties of excitons and biexcitons in quantum dots (QDs). A study of the recent advances in the field is given, emphasizing the latest theoretical results and latest experimental methods for probing exciton and biexciton dynamics. This review presents an outlook on future applications of engineered multiexcitonic states including the photovoltaics, lasing, and the utilization of QDs in quantum technologies.
了解低维半导体系统的激子和双激子性质对于发现新的物理效应和开发新的光电子应用非常重要。本综述对二维半导体结构、一维半导体结构和零维半导体结构中激子和双激子的基本特征进行了跨学科的分析。对量子点中激子和双激子的光谱和动力学特性进行了研究。介绍了该领域的最新进展,重点介绍了探测激子和双激子动力学的最新理论成果和最新实验方法。本文综述了工程多激子态的未来应用,包括光电、激光和量子点在量子技术中的应用。
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引用次数: 0
Excitons in Two-Dimensional Materials 二维材料中的激子
Xiaoyang Zheng, Xian Zhang
Because of the reduced dielectric screening and enhanced Coulomb interactions, two-dimensional (2D) materials like phosphorene and transition metal dichalcogenides (TMDs) exhibit strong excitonic effects, resulting in fascinating many-particle phenomena covering both intralayer and interlayer excitons. Their intrinsic bandgaps and strong excitonic emissions allow the possibility to tune the inherent optical, electrical, and optoelectronic properties of 2D materials via a variety of external stimuli, making them potential candidates for novel optoelectronic applications. In this review, we summarize exciton physics and devices in 2D semiconductors and insulators, especially in phosphorene, TMDs, and their van der Waals heterostructures (vdWHs). In the first part, we discuss the remarkably versatile excitonic landscape, including bright and dark excitons, trions, biexcitons, and interlayer excitons. In the second part, we examine common control methods to tune excitonic effects via electrical, magnetic, optical, and mechanical means. In the next stage, we provide recent advances on the optoelectronic device applications, such as electroluminescent devices, photovoltaic solar cells, and photodetectors. We conclude with a brief discussion on their potential to exploit vdWHs towards unique exciton physics and devices.
由于减少了介电屏蔽和增强了库仑相互作用,二维(2D)材料如磷烯和过渡金属二硫族化合物(TMDs)表现出强烈的激子效应,导致覆盖层内和层间激子的迷人的多粒子现象。它们的固有带隙和强激子发射允许通过各种外部刺激来调整二维材料固有的光学、电学和光电子特性,使它们成为新型光电应用的潜在候选者。本文综述了二维半导体和绝缘体中的激子物理和器件,特别是磷二烯、TMDs及其范德华异质结构(vdWHs)。在第一部分中,我们讨论了非常广泛的激子景观,包括亮激子和暗激子,三激子,双激子和层间激子。在第二部分中,我们研究了通过电、磁、光和机械手段调节激子效应的常用控制方法。在下一阶段,我们将提供光电器件应用的最新进展,如电致发光器件、光伏太阳能电池和光电探测器。最后,我们简要讨论了利用vdWHs开发独特激子物理和器件的潜力。
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引用次数: 13
A Compact Source of Terahertz Radiation Based on an Open Corrugated Waveguide 基于开放式波纹波导的紧凑太赫兹辐射源
L. Shchurova, V. Namiot
We show that it is possible to produce terahertz wave generation in an open waveguide, which includes a multilayer dielectric plate. The plate consists of two dielectric layers with a corrugated interface. Near the interface, there is a thin semiconductor layer (quantum well), which is an electron-conducting channel. The generation and amplification of terahertz waves occur due to the efficient energy exchange between electrons, drifting in the quantum well, and the electromagnetic wave of the waveguide. We calculate the inhomogeneous electric fields induced near the corrugated dielectric interface by electric field of fundamental mode in the open waveguide. We formulate hydrodynamic equations and obtain analytical solutions for density waves of electrons interacting with the inhomogeneous electric field of the corrugation. According to numerical estimates, for a structure with a plate of quartz and sapphire layers and silicon-conducting channel, it is possible to generate electromagnetic waves with an output power of 25 mW at a frequency of 1 THz.
我们证明了在开放波导中产生太赫兹波是可能的,其中包括多层介电板。该板由两个具有波纹界面的介电层组成。在界面附近,有一个薄的半导体层(量子阱),这是一个电子传导通道。太赫兹波的产生和放大是由于量子阱中漂移的电子和波导的电磁波之间的有效能量交换而发生的。本文计算了波导中基模电场在波纹介质界面附近产生的非均匀电场。我们建立了流体力学方程,并得到了电子密度波与波纹状非均匀电场相互作用的解析解。根据数值估计,对于石英和蓝宝石层板和硅导电通道的结构,可以在1太赫兹频率下产生输出功率为25兆瓦的电磁波。
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引用次数: 0
Applications of Graphene Modified by Self-Assembled Monolayers 自组装单层改性石墨烯的应用
Gülsüm Ersü, Yenal Gokpek, M. Can, C. Zafer, S. Demic
Self-assembled monolayers (SAMs) are well-oriented molecular structures that are formed by the adsorption of an active site of a surfactant onto a substrate’s surface. Aromatic SAMs were used to modify anode/hole transport layer interface in order to achieve preferable barrier alignment and charge carrier injection from anode to an organic-based thin film material. Other functions of SAMs include current blocking layers or moisture penetration blocking layers, dipolar surface layers for enhanced charge injection, and modification of work function of a material such as graphene acting as a spacer to physically separate and electrically decouple it from the substrate. Additionally, SAM modification of graphene leads to its electronic passivation at layers’ edges, elimination of defects, and enhanced adhesion and stability. The surface modification with molecules capable of forming SAM is a fast, simple, low-cost, and effective technique for the development of novel materials especially for the production of electronic devices. The ability to modify its properties by SAM technique has opened up a wide range of applications in electronic and optoelectronic devices.
自组装单层(SAMs)是一种定向良好的分子结构,是由表面活性剂的活性位点吸附到底物表面而形成的。利用芳香族SAMs修饰阳极/空穴传输层界面,实现良好的势垒排列和从阳极向有机基薄膜材料注入载流子。SAMs的其他功能包括电流阻挡层或湿气穿透阻挡层、用于增强电荷注入的偶极表面层,以及对材料(如石墨烯)的功函数进行修改,使其与衬底进行物理分离和电去耦。此外,石墨烯的SAM改性导致其在层边缘的电子钝化,消除了缺陷,增强了附着力和稳定性。利用能够形成SAM的分子进行表面改性是一种快速、简单、低成本和有效的新材料开发技术,特别是在电子器件的生产中。利用SAM技术改变其性质的能力在电子和光电子器件中开辟了广泛的应用。
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引用次数: 1
Indenter Shape Dependent Dislocation Actives and Stress Distributions of Single Crystal Nickel during Nanoindentation: A Molecular Dynamics Simulation 纳米压痕过程中单晶镍的位错活性和应力分布:分子动力学模拟
Wenping Wu, Yun-li Li, Zhennan Zhang
The influences of indenter shape on dislocation actives and stress distributions during nanoindentation were studied by using molecular dynamics (MD) simulation. The load-displacement curves, indentation-induced stress fields, and dislocation activities were analyzed by using rectangular, spherical, and Berkovich indenters on single crystal nickel. For the rectangular and spherical indenters, the load-displacement curves have a linear dependence, but the elastic stage produced by the spherical indenter does not last longer than that produced by the rectangular indenter. For a Berkovich indenter, there is almost no linear elastic regime, and an amorphous region appears directly below the indenter tip, which is related to the extremely singular stress field around the indenter tip. In three indenters cases, the prismatic dislocation loops are observed on the {111} planes, and there is a sudden increase in stress near the indenter for the Berkovich indenter. The stress distributions are smooth with no sudden irregularities at low-indentation depths; and the stress increases and a sudden irregularity appears with the increasing indentation depths for the rectangular and spherical indenters. Moreover, the rectangular indenter has the most complex dislocation activities and the spherical indenter is next, while very few dislocations occur in the Berkovich indenter case.
采用分子动力学模拟方法研究了压痕形状对纳米压痕中位错活性和应力分布的影响。采用矩形、球形和Berkovich压头对单晶镍进行了载荷-位移曲线、压痕应力场和位错活动分析。对于矩形压头和球形压头,载荷-位移曲线呈线性关系,但球形压头产生的弹性阶段并不比矩形压头产生的弹性阶段长。对于Berkovich压头,几乎不存在线性弹性区,压头尖端正下方出现非晶态区域,这与压头尖端周围的奇异应力场有关。在三个压头情况下,{111}平面上观察到棱柱形位错环,并且Berkovich压头在压头附近的应力突然增加。应力分布平滑,在低压痕深度处无突发性不规则;随着压痕深度的增加,矩形压痕和球形压痕的应力增大,并出现突然的不规则性。其中,矩形压头的位错活动最为复杂,其次为球形压头,而Berkovich压头的位错活动很少。
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引用次数: 1
Superconducting Josephson-Based Metamaterials for Quantum-Limited Parametric Amplification: A Review 用于量子限制参量放大的超导约瑟夫逊基超材料:综述
L. Fasolo, A. Greco, E. Enrico
In the last few years, several groups have proposed and developed their own platforms demonstrating quantum-limited linear parametric amplification, with evident applications in quantum information and computation, electrical and optical metrology, radio astronomy and basic physics concerning axion detection. Here we propose a short review on the physics behind parametric amplification via metamaterials composed by coplanar wave-guides embedding several Josephson junctions. We present and compare different schemes that exploit the nonlinearity of the Josephson current-phase relation to mix the so-called signal, idler and pump tones. The chapter then presents and compares three different theoretical models, developed in the last few years, to predict the dynamics of these nonlinear systems in the particular case of a 4-Wave Mixing process and under the degenerate undepleted pump assumption. We will demonstrate that, under the same assumption, all the results are comparable in terms of amplification of the output fields.
在过去的几年里,几个小组提出并开发了他们自己的平台来演示量子有限线性参数放大,在量子信息和计算、电学和光学计量、射电天文学和轴子探测的基础物理中有明显的应用。在这里,我们简要回顾了由嵌入几个约瑟夫森结的共面波导组成的超材料的参数放大背后的物理学。我们提出并比较了利用约瑟夫森电流-相位关系的非线性来混合所谓的信号、闲散和泵音调的不同方案。然后,本章提出并比较了最近几年发展起来的三种不同的理论模型,以预测这些非线性系统在四波混频过程的特殊情况下和退化未耗尽泵假设下的动力学。我们将证明,在相同的假设下,所有的结果在输出字段的放大方面是可比的。
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引用次数: 4
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Advances in Condensed-Matter and Materials Physics - Rudimentary Research to Topical Technology
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