Pub Date : 2019-10-16DOI: 10.5772/intechopen.86758
Y. Hebrard
Providing the best availability of aircrafts is a key driver in aeronautics industry. Monitoring system able to detect signs of failure before they happen, thanks to sensors and diagnosis/prognosis algorithms, is key for improving aircraft operabil-ity. Since a suspension system is connecting the engine to the aircraft, after hard landing, aircraft companies need to know if the suspension system is safe or could have been damaged. This chapter presents an autonomous wireless load sensing recorder development that will enable maintenance operators to make a relevant diagnosis of the suspension system by measuring the load level seen after a hard landing by connecting a portable device near the embedded sensor system. The sensor integrates energy harvesting and RFID communication modules that have been developed for this application. Data acquisition is performed by an embedded microcontroller connected to sensors. The paper is firstly dedicated to the different energy sources available in the project application (engine pods). The second part gives a presentation of the various devices developed for converting ambient energy into electric power and SHM system. The last part presents real measurement of ambient energy level from real tests in comparison to the energy needed to power the system.
{"title":"Structural Health Monitoring from Sensing to Processing","authors":"Y. Hebrard","doi":"10.5772/intechopen.86758","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5772/intechopen.86758","url":null,"abstract":"Providing the best availability of aircrafts is a key driver in aeronautics industry. Monitoring system able to detect signs of failure before they happen, thanks to sensors and diagnosis/prognosis algorithms, is key for improving aircraft operabil-ity. Since a suspension system is connecting the engine to the aircraft, after hard landing, aircraft companies need to know if the suspension system is safe or could have been damaged. This chapter presents an autonomous wireless load sensing recorder development that will enable maintenance operators to make a relevant diagnosis of the suspension system by measuring the load level seen after a hard landing by connecting a portable device near the embedded sensor system. The sensor integrates energy harvesting and RFID communication modules that have been developed for this application. Data acquisition is performed by an embedded microcontroller connected to sensors. The paper is firstly dedicated to the different energy sources available in the project application (engine pods). The second part gives a presentation of the various devices developed for converting ambient energy into electric power and SHM system. The last part presents real measurement of ambient energy level from real tests in comparison to the energy needed to power the system.","PeriodicalId":198239,"journal":{"name":"Advances in Structural Health Monitoring","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-10-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115712985","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-04-15DOI: 10.5772/INTECHOPEN.83636
Ravibabu Mulaveesala, G. Dua, V. Arora
Usage of reinforced concrete structures has very long tradition in infrastructure industry due to their low cost, high strength, robustness, sustainability along with the easy availability of raw materials. However, they also have some drawbacks such as poor tensile strength and ductility, which leads to the formation of cracks in the structures. These cracks may cause penetration of chlorides, resulting into corrosion in the reinforcement. Quality control, maintenance and planning for the restoration of these structures demands a suitable non-destructive testing and evaluation method for wide-area monitoring to detect the hidden corrosion of the rebar at an early stage. Infrared thermal wave imaging has emerged as a viable technique for non-destructive testing and evaluation of reinforced concrete structures due to its full-field, remote, fast inspection capabilities to monitor the sub-surface rebar corrosion. Among the various thermal non-destructive testing techniques the present chapter proposes a novel aperiodic thermal wave imaging technique named as Gaussian windowed frequency modulated thermal wave imaging for testing and evaluation of rebar corrosion in concrete structures.
{"title":"Applications of Infrared Thermography for Non-destructive Characterization of Concrete Structures","authors":"Ravibabu Mulaveesala, G. Dua, V. Arora","doi":"10.5772/INTECHOPEN.83636","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5772/INTECHOPEN.83636","url":null,"abstract":"Usage of reinforced concrete structures has very long tradition in infrastructure industry due to their low cost, high strength, robustness, sustainability along with the easy availability of raw materials. However, they also have some drawbacks such as poor tensile strength and ductility, which leads to the formation of cracks in the structures. These cracks may cause penetration of chlorides, resulting into corrosion in the reinforcement. Quality control, maintenance and planning for the restoration of these structures demands a suitable non-destructive testing and evaluation method for wide-area monitoring to detect the hidden corrosion of the rebar at an early stage. Infrared thermal wave imaging has emerged as a viable technique for non-destructive testing and evaluation of reinforced concrete structures due to its full-field, remote, fast inspection capabilities to monitor the sub-surface rebar corrosion. Among the various thermal non-destructive testing techniques the present chapter proposes a novel aperiodic thermal wave imaging technique named as Gaussian windowed frequency modulated thermal wave imaging for testing and evaluation of rebar corrosion in concrete structures.","PeriodicalId":198239,"journal":{"name":"Advances in Structural Health Monitoring","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-04-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121276313","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-03-29DOI: 10.5772/INTECHOPEN.85599
M. H. Hassan
Structural health monitoring has emerged as a viable tool for damage detection and preventive maintenance procedures. There is a wide range of proposed applications that were documented in the literature over the past two decades. Recently, the notion of sustainable design has emerged as an important attribute of all engineering designs. Sustainable design is defined as one that would result in systems that are smart, optimum, and reliable. In this book, the concept of sustainable design is the backbone of the design of a structural health monitoring system. Within the backdrop of the presented definition, this book attempts to present structural health monitoring as a tool that would result in a sustainable engineering system. There are several aspects that are now being introduced to the conventional notion of structural health monitoring which are expected to contribute to such objective. Smart systems, smart materials, wireless sensor networks, conservation of historic cultural heritage, and autonomous systems are some of these aspects. The book explores the design of smart structural health monitoring systems, using smart technologies and/or materials. It presents the issue of conservation of heritage structures using structural health monitoring tools. It explores the optimum employment of sensor networks that would render the most optimum structural health monitoring system. This book attempts to present such advanced concepts and/or technologies as the new direction of structural health monitoring. This chapter briefly presents several advanced observations and/or applications that are considered to augment structural health monitoring techniques currently in practice.
{"title":"Introductory Chapter: Advances in Structural Health Monitoring","authors":"M. H. Hassan","doi":"10.5772/INTECHOPEN.85599","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5772/INTECHOPEN.85599","url":null,"abstract":"Structural health monitoring has emerged as a viable tool for damage detection and preventive maintenance procedures. There is a wide range of proposed applications that were documented in the literature over the past two decades. Recently, the notion of sustainable design has emerged as an important attribute of all engineering designs. Sustainable design is defined as one that would result in systems that are smart, optimum, and reliable. In this book, the concept of sustainable design is the backbone of the design of a structural health monitoring system. Within the backdrop of the presented definition, this book attempts to present structural health monitoring as a tool that would result in a sustainable engineering system. There are several aspects that are now being introduced to the conventional notion of structural health monitoring which are expected to contribute to such objective. Smart systems, smart materials, wireless sensor networks, conservation of historic cultural heritage, and autonomous systems are some of these aspects. The book explores the design of smart structural health monitoring systems, using smart technologies and/or materials. It presents the issue of conservation of heritage structures using structural health monitoring tools. It explores the optimum employment of sensor networks that would render the most optimum structural health monitoring system. This book attempts to present such advanced concepts and/or technologies as the new direction of structural health monitoring. This chapter briefly presents several advanced observations and/or applications that are considered to augment structural health monitoring techniques currently in practice.","PeriodicalId":198239,"journal":{"name":"Advances in Structural Health Monitoring","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-03-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131222437","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-02-20DOI: 10.5772/INTECHOPEN.83366
A. Dhutti, S. Lowe, T. Gan
This chapter presents advancements in structural health monitoring (SHM) using ultrasonic guided waves (UGW) technology for metallic structures to support their integrity and maintenance management. The focus is on pipelines and storage tanks, which are critical assets in the Oil and Gas industry, whose operational conditions can greatly accelerate damage mechanisms. Conventional routine inspections are both costly and time consuming and affect the plant reliability and availability. These operational and economic disadvantages have led to development of SHM systems which can be permanently installed on these critical structures to provide information about developing damage and optimise maintenance planning and ensure structural integrity. These technology advancements enable inspection without interruption to operations, and generate diagnosis and prognosis data for condition-based maintenance, hence increasing safety and operational efficiency. The fundamentals, architecture and development of such SHM systems for pipes and above ground storage tanks are described here.
{"title":"Monitoring of Critical Metallic Assets in Oil and Gas Industry Using Ultrasonic Guided Waves","authors":"A. Dhutti, S. Lowe, T. Gan","doi":"10.5772/INTECHOPEN.83366","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5772/INTECHOPEN.83366","url":null,"abstract":"This chapter presents advancements in structural health monitoring (SHM) using ultrasonic guided waves (UGW) technology for metallic structures to support their integrity and maintenance management. The focus is on pipelines and storage tanks, which are critical assets in the Oil and Gas industry, whose operational conditions can greatly accelerate damage mechanisms. Conventional routine inspections are both costly and time consuming and affect the plant reliability and availability. These operational and economic disadvantages have led to development of SHM systems which can be permanently installed on these critical structures to provide information about developing damage and optimise maintenance planning and ensure structural integrity. These technology advancements enable inspection without interruption to operations, and generate diagnosis and prognosis data for condition-based maintenance, hence increasing safety and operational efficiency. The fundamentals, architecture and development of such SHM systems for pipes and above ground storage tanks are described here.","PeriodicalId":198239,"journal":{"name":"Advances in Structural Health Monitoring","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-02-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132763944","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-02-07DOI: 10.5772/INTECHOPEN.82871
Y. Qureshi, M. Tarfaoui, K. Lafdi, K. Lafdi
Composite materials, having better properties than traditional materials, are susceptible to potential damage during operating conditions, and this issue is usually not found until it is too late. Thus, it is important to identify when cracks occur within a structure, to avoid catastrophic failure. The objective of this chapter is to fabricate a new generation of strain sensors in the form of a wire/thread that can be incorporated into a material to detect damage before they become fatal. This microscale strain sensor consists of flexible, untwisted nylon yarn coated with a thin layer of silver using electroless plating process. The electromechanical response of this sensor wire was tested experimentally using tensile loading and then verified numerically with good agreement in results. This flexible strain sensor was then incorporated into a composite specimen to demonstrate the detection of damage initiation before the deformation of structure becomes fatal. The specimens were tested mechanically in a standard tensometer machine, while the electrical response was recorded. The results were very encouraging, and the signal from the sensor was correlated perfectly with the mechanical behavior of the specimen. This showed that these flexible strain sensors can be used for in situ structural health monitoring (SHM) and real-time damage detection applications.
{"title":"Nanotechnology and Development of Strain Sensor for Damage Detection","authors":"Y. Qureshi, M. Tarfaoui, K. Lafdi, K. Lafdi","doi":"10.5772/INTECHOPEN.82871","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5772/INTECHOPEN.82871","url":null,"abstract":"Composite materials, having better properties than traditional materials, are susceptible to potential damage during operating conditions, and this issue is usually not found until it is too late. Thus, it is important to identify when cracks occur within a structure, to avoid catastrophic failure. The objective of this chapter is to fabricate a new generation of strain sensors in the form of a wire/thread that can be incorporated into a material to detect damage before they become fatal. This microscale strain sensor consists of flexible, untwisted nylon yarn coated with a thin layer of silver using electroless plating process. The electromechanical response of this sensor wire was tested experimentally using tensile loading and then verified numerically with good agreement in results. This flexible strain sensor was then incorporated into a composite specimen to demonstrate the detection of damage initiation before the deformation of structure becomes fatal. The specimens were tested mechanically in a standard tensometer machine, while the electrical response was recorded. The results were very encouraging, and the signal from the sensor was correlated perfectly with the mechanical behavior of the specimen. This showed that these flexible strain sensors can be used for in situ structural health monitoring (SHM) and real-time damage detection applications.","PeriodicalId":198239,"journal":{"name":"Advances in Structural Health Monitoring","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-02-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122446582","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-01-09DOI: 10.5772/INTECHOPEN.82847
J. Crisóstomo, R. Pitarma
Much of the built heritage is built of wooden structures. Due to the lack of maintenance, it is susceptible to biological attacks, such as fungi and wood destroying insects. Most of the methods used for its inspection and evaluation are intrusive. More friendly methods are required. Infrared thermography, being a non-destructive, contactless and versatile technique, can be a very useful tool in this field. However, the correct temperature measurement depends greatly on the emissivity value of the material. In this chapter, the emissivity values are presented and discussed for wood samples of Pinus pinaster species. In a qualitative analysis, this factor is not so important. Moreover, in a quantitative analysis for which the measured temperature value is relevant, it is crucial to know the emissivity value.
{"title":"The Importance of Emissivity on Monitoring and Conservation of Wooden Structures Using Infrared Thermography","authors":"J. Crisóstomo, R. Pitarma","doi":"10.5772/INTECHOPEN.82847","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5772/INTECHOPEN.82847","url":null,"abstract":"Much of the built heritage is built of wooden structures. Due to the lack of maintenance, it is susceptible to biological attacks, such as fungi and wood destroying insects. Most of the methods used for its inspection and evaluation are intrusive. More friendly methods are required. Infrared thermography, being a non-destructive, contactless and versatile technique, can be a very useful tool in this field. However, the correct temperature measurement depends greatly on the emissivity value of the material. In this chapter, the emissivity values are presented and discussed for wood samples of Pinus pinaster species. In a qualitative analysis, this factor is not so important. Moreover, in a quantitative analysis for which the measured temperature value is relevant, it is crucial to know the emissivity value.","PeriodicalId":198239,"journal":{"name":"Advances in Structural Health Monitoring","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-01-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"134156636","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2018-12-20DOI: 10.5772/INTECHOPEN.82711
K. Matsuoka, Tsutomu Watanabe
Frequency-based damage detection (FDD) has been studied for a long time. Generally, it is pointed out that FDD is less sensitive to detect the damage in civil structures, which are composed of many members precisely. However, for the structural members on the premise of replacement like concrete sleepers, the FDD approach that has been accumulated so far may be effective. In addition, its ease and simplicity of the system are an advantage of realizing regularly and inexpensive inspection on the sites. Here we introduce the damage influence on the concrete sleepers based on the laboratory tests and demonstration of the practical use of FDD through some filed tests.
{"title":"Application of a Frequency-Based Detection Method for Evaluating Damaged Concrete Sleepers","authors":"K. Matsuoka, Tsutomu Watanabe","doi":"10.5772/INTECHOPEN.82711","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5772/INTECHOPEN.82711","url":null,"abstract":"Frequency-based damage detection (FDD) has been studied for a long time. Generally, it is pointed out that FDD is less sensitive to detect the damage in civil structures, which are composed of many members precisely. However, for the structural members on the premise of replacement like concrete sleepers, the FDD approach that has been accumulated so far may be effective. In addition, its ease and simplicity of the system are an advantage of realizing regularly and inexpensive inspection on the sites. Here we introduce the damage influence on the concrete sleepers based on the laboratory tests and demonstration of the practical use of FDD through some filed tests.","PeriodicalId":198239,"journal":{"name":"Advances in Structural Health Monitoring","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-12-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132730924","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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