The submerged arc welding process is the most widely used arc welding process for joining thick plates and pipes. The features that distinguishing submerged arc welding from other arc welding process is graduallyfusible material termed as flux. The flux used in submerged arc welding contributes a major part (above 50%) towards the total welding cost. The properties of weld metal have been found to be dependent upon flux-electrode-base metal-composition on welding parameters. Flux and filler metal play a central role in ascertaining the property of weld metal. In the present work, the effect of operating arc voltage, welding current, welding speed and nozzle distance on flux consumption and chemical composition of carbon and silicon has been studied.A Mathematical model was developed from data generated using two level-half factorial technique. The experiment is conducted as per the design matrix. Design Expert software 7 is used in order to (i) the designing of a set of experiments for adequate and reliable measurement of the true mean response of interest (ii) the determining of mathematical model with best fits (iii) finding the optimum set of experimental factors that produces maximum or minimum value of response and (iv) representing the direct effects of procedure variables on the flux utilization, current and silicon through two dimensional graphs. It was observed that the flux utilization decrease with an increase in wire feed rate and its welding speed. The flux utilizationan increase with an increase in arc voltage. The effect of constant tip to work distance has in significant effect on flux utilization. Carbon percentage an increase with an increase in arc voltage and welding speed. Carbon percentage reduce with raise in welding current. Silicon percentage decrease as an increase in current and voltage.
{"title":"Effect of Chemistry of Weld Metal in Submerged Arc Welding","authors":"S. Thakur, G. Goga, Avtar Singh","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.3591797","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.3591797","url":null,"abstract":"The submerged arc welding process is the most widely used arc welding process for joining thick plates and pipes. The features that distinguishing submerged arc welding from other arc welding process is graduallyfusible material termed as flux. The flux used in submerged arc welding contributes a major part (above 50%) towards the total welding cost. The properties of weld metal have been found to be dependent upon flux-electrode-base metal-composition on welding parameters. Flux and filler metal play a central role in ascertaining the property of weld metal. In the present work, the effect of operating arc voltage, welding current, welding speed and nozzle distance on flux consumption and chemical composition of carbon and silicon has been studied.A Mathematical model was developed from data generated using two level-half factorial technique. The experiment is conducted as per the design matrix. Design Expert software 7 is used in order to (i) the designing of a set of experiments for adequate and reliable measurement of the true mean response of interest (ii) the determining of mathematical model with best fits (iii) finding the optimum set of experimental factors that produces maximum or minimum value of response and (iv) representing the direct effects of procedure variables on the flux utilization, current and silicon through two dimensional graphs. It was observed that the flux utilization decrease with an increase in wire feed rate and its welding speed. The flux utilizationan increase with an increase in arc voltage. The effect of constant tip to work distance has in significant effect on flux utilization. Carbon percentage an increase with an increase in arc voltage and welding speed. Carbon percentage reduce with raise in welding current. Silicon percentage decrease as an increase in current and voltage.","PeriodicalId":198728,"journal":{"name":"ICARI 2020: Mechanical Engineering","volume":"8 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-01-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114329715","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
These days’ material technologies are assuming significant job for the improvement of items in different fields. Numerous specialists are scanning for basic materials of high quality, less weight and minimal effort. All in all, solid materials are generally thick and light materials have less quality. So as to accomplish high quality and less weight, we go for composite materials. Numerous strategies are received by various specialists to manufacture composite materials. It is likewise important to describe the created composites based on tensile, impact, flexural and hardness test. This reality encourages us to outline the examinations, thus a survey on fabrication and characterization of natural fiber reinforced polymer composites has been done.
{"title":"Fabrication and Characterization of Natural Fibre Reinforced Polymer Composites: A Review","authors":"Partha Pratim Das, V. Chaudhary, Steve Jose Motha","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.3569437","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.3569437","url":null,"abstract":"These days’ material technologies are assuming significant job for the improvement of items in different fields. Numerous specialists are scanning for basic materials of high quality, less weight and minimal effort. All in all, solid materials are generally thick and light materials have less quality. So as to accomplish high quality and less weight, we go for composite materials. Numerous strategies are received by various specialists to manufacture composite materials. It is likewise important to describe the created composites based on tensile, impact, flexural and hardness test. This reality encourages us to outline the examinations, thus a survey on fabrication and characterization of natural fiber reinforced polymer composites has been done.","PeriodicalId":198728,"journal":{"name":"ICARI 2020: Mechanical Engineering","volume":"43 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-01-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126557784","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The Rapid compression machine (RCM) is an excellent tool to direct measure ignition delay (ID) of combustible mixtures at a high pressure. This paper, highlight the method to assemble a RCM with adjustable stroke length and compression ratio. The assembled RCM consist of mainly three parts; driver cylinder assembly, piston assembly and receiver cylinder assembly. Driver cylinder assembly consists of piston cylinder with combustion chamber, multi-hole nozzle to inject the fuel, piezoelectric sensor, pressure gauge to measuring the in-cylinder air pressure, electric heater to heat the compressed air, heated plate to ignite the fuel. Piston assembly is the middle portion of RCM acts as a connector of the driver assembly and receiver assembly. Receiver cylinder assembly also contain the piston cylinder and this piston is connected to another piston through the piston rod, which is fitted inside the driver cylinder and mainly consists of fuel injector, pressure gauge for measuring in-pressure cylinder and temperature sensor to measure heated air temperature, air heating coil Receiver cylinder contains movable plates which is used to varying the movement of length along the axial direction to varying the clearance volume. The present RCM is based on the concept of combustion of charge (fuel and air) in both cylinders placed in opposite ends which is different from the concept used in the earlier RCMs. In the earlier RCMs the energy is created inside the driver cylinder by increasing the temperature and pressure with the help of the compressor and heater rather than by using the combustion process.
{"title":"Fabrication of Rapid Compression Machine with Variable Compression Ratio - A Review","authors":"M. N. Khan, M. Zunaid, Amit Pal","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.3569431","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.3569431","url":null,"abstract":"The Rapid compression machine (RCM) is an excellent tool to direct measure ignition delay (ID) of combustible mixtures at a high pressure. This paper, highlight the method to assemble a RCM with adjustable stroke length and compression ratio. The assembled RCM consist of mainly three parts; driver cylinder assembly, piston assembly and receiver cylinder assembly. Driver cylinder assembly consists of piston cylinder with combustion chamber, multi-hole nozzle to inject the fuel, piezoelectric sensor, pressure gauge to measuring the in-cylinder air pressure, electric heater to heat the compressed air, heated plate to ignite the fuel. Piston assembly is the middle portion of RCM acts as a connector of the driver assembly and receiver assembly. Receiver cylinder assembly also contain the piston cylinder and this piston is connected to another piston through the piston rod, which is fitted inside the driver cylinder and mainly consists of fuel injector, pressure gauge for measuring in-pressure cylinder and temperature sensor to measure heated air temperature, air heating coil Receiver cylinder contains movable plates which is used to varying the movement of length along the axial direction to varying the clearance volume. The present RCM is based on the concept of combustion of charge (fuel and air) in both cylinders placed in opposite ends which is different from the concept used in the earlier RCMs. In the earlier RCMs the energy is created inside the driver cylinder by increasing the temperature and pressure with the help of the compressor and heater rather than by using the combustion process.","PeriodicalId":198728,"journal":{"name":"ICARI 2020: Mechanical Engineering","volume":"83 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-01-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122197336","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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